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Organ Donation Rates (organ + donation_rate)
Selected AbstractsStudent and community perceptions about organ donors, non-donors and transplant recipientsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Melissa K. Hyde Abstract Despite efforts to encourage organ donation, low organ donation rates in Australia and other Western nations do not meet the demand for transplantable organs. One influence on organ donation decision-making yet to be fully explored is that of prototype perceptions about organ donors, non-donors and transplant recipients. We conducted focus groups and interviews with 54 student and community participants to explore these perceptions of donors and non-donors in a living and posthumous context, as well as transplant recipients. Using content and thematic analysis, transcripts were analysed for consistently emerging themes. Donors were generally perceived positively as altruistic and giving and as ordinary people; however, some participants questioned the motives of living anonymous donors. Non-donors were commonly viewed negatively as self-absorbed and unaware, with living-related non-donors particularly perceived as cold-hearted and weak. Transplant recipients were generally viewed sympathetically (unfortunate and unwell); however, many participants also expressed negative views about transplant recipients as responsible for their predicament, depending upon the type of organ transplant needed. To encourage people's willingness to donate their organs, it is crucial to understand the extent to which these perceptions influence organ donation decisions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Quantifying organ donation rates by donation service areaAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 4p2 2005Akinlolu O. Ojo Previous measures of OPO performance based on population counts have been deemed inadequate, and the need for new methods has been widely accepted. This article explains recent developments in OPO performance evaluation methodology, including those developed by the SRTR. As a replacement for the previously established measure of OPO performance , donors per million population , using eligible deaths as a national metric has yielded promising results for understanding variations in donation rates among the donation service areas assigned to each OPO. A major improvement uses "notifiable deaths" as a denominator describing a standardized maximal pool of potential donors. Notifiable deaths are defined as in-hospital deaths among ages 70 years and under, excluding certain diagnosis codes related to infections, cancers, etc. A most proximal denominator for determining donation rates is "eligible deaths," which includes only those deaths meeting the criteria for organ donation upon initial assessment. Neither measure is based on the population of a geographic unit, but on restricted upper limits of deaths that could be potential donors in any one locale (e.g., hospital or OPO). The inherent strengths and weaknesses of metrics such as donors per eligible deaths, donors per notifiable deaths, and number of organs per donor are discussed in detail. [source] Improving organ donation rates in the United KingdomANAESTHESIA, Issue 8 2009M. Smith First page of article [source] Impact of a Bereavement and Donation Service incorporating mandatory ,required referral' on organ donation rates: a model for the implementation of the Organ Donation Taskforce's recommendationsANAESTHESIA, Issue 8 2009F. Murphy Summary In 2008 the Organ Donation Taskforce published its recommendations for increasing organ donation in the UK by 50% over 5 years. Bolton NHS Trust has addressed the problem of low rates of organ donation by amalgamating Bereavement and Donation Services and introducing a trigger to refer automatically all potential organ donors to the regional transplant donor co-ordinators. We audited the ability of the new service to deliver the aims and recommendations of the Organ Donation Taskforce. Following the changes in service provision the number of tissue donors rose from six in 2002 to 246 in 2007. In the same period solid organ donation rates remained unchanged. The introduction of an automatic trigger for referral of potential donors in 2007 resulted in 31 referrals and 11 successful multi-organ donors. The current service exceeds the aims of the Taskforce and offers the potential to meet UK organ donation targets without resorting to an ,opt out' system of presumed consent. [source] Absence of significant dissent should be sufficient for deceased donor organ procurement in New ZealandAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 5 2009Thomas M. Douglas Abstract Objective: New Zealand's organ donation rates are among the lowest in the OECD. In a bid to increase organ availability, the New Zealand Human Tissue Act 2008 introduces new consent arrangements for deceased donor organ procurement. This article assesses these new arrangements and presents the case for further reform. Approach: Our assessment and arguments are based on philosophical analysis informed by empirical data on the effectiveness of alternative consent systems. We: 1) Identify widely held ethical judgments about policies and practices relevant to organ donation (e.g. those relating to coronial post-mortems), 2) Assess the implications of these judgments for the Human Tissue Act and the assumptions that underpin it, and 3) Derive policy recommendations that are consistent with the judgments. Conclusion: The Human Tissue Act 2008 retains a strong consent requirement for organ procurement: organs may not be transplanted unless either the deceased or the family consents. We argue that organ availability could and should be increased by shifting from a model that requires consent to one that requires the absence of significant dissent. Implications: We recommend that New Zealand adopt either 1) an organ donation system similar to the existing system for ordering coronial post-mortems, or 2) a variant of the ,opt-out' system already in place in several other countries. [source] The pancreas allograft donor: current status, controversies, and challenges for the futureCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 4 2010Jonathan A. Fridell Fridell JA, Rogers J, Stratta RJ. The pancreas allograft donor: current status, controversies, and challenges for the future. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 433,449. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:, The pancreas allograft is a scarce resource that is currently underutilized. The selection of appropriate deceased donors for pancreas procurement is of paramount importance for minimizing technical failure and optimizing long-term outcomes in pancreas transplantation. Despite the increasing demand for pancreas transplantation, increases in overall organ donation rates and the evolution of criteria that constitute an "acceptable" pancreas donor, the number of deceased donor pancreas transplants being performed in the United States has actually declined in recent years. Although there are many factors that must be considered during evaluation of the potential pancreas allograft donor to minimize morbidity and graft loss, it is evident that there are transplantable organs that are not used. In this review, deceased donor pancreas identification, management, selection, allocation, assessment, preservation, and the problem of pancreas underutilization will be discussed. [source] Influence of religious and spiritual values on the willingness of Chinese,Americans to donate organs for transplantationCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 5 2000Wilbur Aaron Lam The rate of organ donation among minority groups in the United States, including Chinese,Americans, is very low. There is currently very little data in the biomedical literature that builds on qualitative research to quantify the attitudes of Chinese,Americans toward organ donation. The present study quantitatively assesses the religious and cultural reasons that Chinese,Americans appear to be less willing to donate their organs than other populations. It also seeks to determine whether Confucian, Buddhist, or Daoist ideals are a significant factor in their overall reluctance to donate organs among respondents in this sample. A questionnaire distributed to Chinese,American adults asked about general feelings toward organ donation and Buddhist, Confucian, Christian, Daoist, and other spiritual objections. The results suggest that Chinese,Americans are indeed influenced by Confucian values, and to a lesser extent, Buddhist, Daoist, and other spiritual beliefs, that associate an intact body with respect for ancestors or nature. Another significant finding is that the subjects were most willing to donate their organs after their deaths, to close relatives, and then in descending order, distant relatives, people from their home country, and strangers. This ,negotiable' willingness has enormous implications for clinicians, who may be able to increase organ donation rates among Chinese,Americans by, first, recognizing their diverse spiritual beliefs, and, second, offering a variety of possibilities for the organ procurement and allocation. [source] | ||||||||||