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Ordering Process (ordering + process)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	33%

Selected Abstracts

Ordering and Phase Transitions in Ionic Liquid-Crystalline Films

CHEMPHYSCHEM, Issue 8 2010
Marek Sobota
Watching phase transitions: Ordering processes and phase transitions in thin films of the liquid-crystalline ionic liquid 1,3-didodecylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [C12C12IM][BF4] on Pt(111) (see picture) are studied by means of temperature-dependent IR reflection absorption spectroscopy. The method allows in situ monitoring of the structural properties of liquid-crystalline supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysts under reaction conditions. [source]

A new ranked set sample estimator of variance

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY: SERIES B (STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY), Issue 2 2002
Steven N. MacEachern
Summary. We develop an unbiased estimator of the variance of a population based on a ranked set sample. We show that this new estimator is better than estimating the variance based on a simple random sample and more efficient than the estimator based on a ranked set sample proposed by Stokes. Also, a test to determine the effectiveness of the judgment ordering process is proposed. [source]

"Sponge-like" structures in polymer blends: visualization, physico-mathematical analysis, and universality

MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA, Issue 1 2002
Takeji Hashimoto
Mesoscopic structures formed during an ordering process in thermodynamically unstable, isometric, binary molecular mixtures were explored by time-resolved scattering (TRS) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Three-dimensional (3D) bicontinuous structures, which were constructed for the first time by time-resolved LSCM, were found to have a "sponge-like" structure composed of two phases. The structure factor obtained by 3D Fourier transformation of the sponge was found to be identical to that obtained by TRS, confirming that the sponge truly reflects the structural entities evolving in the system. Furthermore, the sponge was shown for the first time to be theoretically predictable by using 3D computer simulations based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory. The sponge was subjected to differential geometrical analysis: its Gaussian curvature K, mean curvature H, and their distributions were successfully determined for the first time. The result revealed that the sponge has hyperbolic interfaces with area-averaged curvatures satisfying < 0 and , 0 and that its interface has some deviations from a minimal surface. The sponge was found to be strikingly similar to that occurring in oil/water/surfactant systems at the hydrophile-lipophile-balance, though their characteristic length scales are diversely different (, vs nm), implying universality of the sponge. [source]

Structural phases of hexamethylenetetramine,pimelic acid (1/1): a unified description based on a stacking model

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, Issue 4 2003
Gervais Chapuis
The thermotropic phase diagram of 1:1 co-crystals of hexamethylenetetramine and pimelic acid (heptanedioic acid) is investigated. Three crystalline phases are identified at ambient pressure. Phase I is disordered, as revealed by diffuse rods in its diffraction pattern. When the temperature is lowered the diffuse streaks disappear in Phase II, but superstructure reflections emerge indicating an ordering process of the structure through a non-ferroic, or at least non-ferroelastic, phase transition. Phase II is mainly characterized by an unusual distribution of its reflection intensities. Phase III is reached through a ferroelastic phase transition that induces twinned domains. A model based on the stacking of an elementary layer is proposed with the aim of describing the structures in a unified framework. Depending on the value of the unique stacking parameter ,, each of the different structures observed can be reproduced by this model. Its validity is then tested by a series of simulations reproducing the main features of the diffraction patterns such as the diffuse scattering streaks, the occurrence of superstructure peaks at lower temperature and twinning. [source]

Ordering a Profession: Swedish Nurses Encounter New Public Management Reforms

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2003
Maria Blomgren
This article deals with professional responses to and handling of New Public Management reforms in the context of Swedish health care. The focus is on Swedish nurses, and the argument is that the extent to which a profession is heterogeneous and embraces a variety of ordering processes explains differing, and even contradictory, responses within a single profession. The paper shows that the ordering processes within the Swedish nursing profession provided a wide variety of conditions for nurses' encounter with the reforms. Overall, the transformations brought about by the New Public Management reforms aligned more easily with the process of ordering nurses into administrative leaders than with the process of ordering nurses into experts in caring. [source]