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Order Effects (order + effects)
Selected AbstractsUsing Kernel Equating to Assess Item Order Effects on Test ScoresJOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT, Issue 2 2007Tim Moses This study explored the use of kernel equating for integrating and extending two procedures proposed for assessing item order effects in test forms that have been administered to randomly equivalent groups. When these procedures are used together, they can provide complementary information about the extent to which item order effects impact test scores, in overall score distributions and also at specific test scores. In addition to detecting item order effects, the integrated procedures also suggest the equating function that most adequately adjusts the scores to mitigate the effects. To demonstrate, the statistical equivalences of alternate versions of two large-volume advanced placement exams were assessed. [source] Birth Order Effects and Rebelliousness: Political Activism and Involvement with MarijuanaPOLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Richard L. Zweigenhaft Frank Sulloway (1996) has claimed that later-borns are more likely to rebel against the status quo than are firstborns. The two studies reported here attempt to examine more fully Sulloway's claims about rebelliousness. The studies draw on archival data from studies of high school and college students in a midwestern state between 1969 and 1982. The current studies compare the effects of birth order, gender, family size, and father's education on two self-report measures: participation in protests and demonstrations, and involvement with marijuana. The data on involvement with marijuana provided support for Sulloway's thesis that later-borns are more rebellious than firstborns, but the data on participation in protests and demonstrations did not. These mixed findings, which contribute to the ongoing debate about Sulloway's theory, are discussed. [source] Order effects and recency: where do we go from here?ACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 2 2000Ken Trotman Previous studies of auditor judgments have examined whether the order in which information is received affects their judgments. In particular, these studies have considered whether there is a recency effect which occurs when the disconfirmatory/confirmatory evidence treatment results in a final judgment which is significantly higher than the confirmatory/disconfirmatory treatment. More recent studies have investigated the circumstances when recency effects exist and when they are mitigated. The results of the studies are mixed. After the addition of two further studies (Arnold et al., 2000; Monroe and Ng, 2000) in this edition of the journal, the results are still mixed. The paper outlines the possible explanations for the mixed results across studies and some issues that need to be addressed prior to collection of further empirical evidence. [source] Effect of a 1-month vs. a 12-month reference period on responses to the 14-item Oral Health Impact ProfileEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2007Saila Sutinen The length of the reference period used in surveys of subjective oral health may have a marked influence on the responses obtained. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a 1-month (RP-1) vs. a 12-month (RP-12) reference period in the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Using a randomized cross-over design, RP-1 and RP-12 OHIP-14 questionnaires were administered, 1 month apart, to two samples of Finnish adults, namely people awaiting orthognathic surgery (n = 104) and non-patient workers (n = 111). The effect of the reference period was computed by subtracting RP-1 OHIP-14 severity scores from RP-12 OHIP-14 severity scores (,RP). Potential order effects were assessed by comparing ,RP between groups completing the RP-1 vs. the RP-12 questionnaire first. Mean OHIP-14 severity scores were slightly higher when the RP-12 questionnaire was administered first, but mean ,RP values were below the value of 2.5 considered clinically meaningful, and all 95% confidence intervals for ,RP included zero. No order effects in the OHIP-14 severity scores were observed. Therefore, although a standardized reference period of 12 months is recommended, in population surveys the use of a shorter reference period does not appear to influence responses. [source] An examination of order effects in auditors' inherent risk assessmentsACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 2 2000Gary Monroe While recency effects have been reported in a variety of audit tasks, recent studies suggest that these effects may be mitigated under certain conditions. The importance of investigating order effects in auditors' judgments rests with its potential to impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of audits. Since current studies suggest that recency effects may not impact on all audit situations, it is necessary to identify conditions or variables in the task environment that either induce or mitigate recency. This study examines the occurrence of order effects in auditors' inherent risk assessments, a task not previously examined. Using a case study administered to 70 auditors, this study found that auditors' judgments were not influenced by the order in which audit evidence was evaluated. Rather, the results suggest that judgments of inherent risk may be biased towards conservatism. This may not be surprising given the negative consequences associated with failing to adequately plan an audit. This may cause auditors to act cautiously and thus mitigate recency effects. [source] Comparison of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,Third Edition and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,Third Edition with university studentsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Nancy L. Bell This study examined the relationship between the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,Third Edition (PPVT-III) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,Third Edition (WAIS-III) using 40 adults who ranged in age from 18 to 41 (mean age of 22 years). Participants were administered the PPVT-III and WAIS-III in counterbalanced fashion to control for order effects. Results revealed that the PPVT-III score was related to the WAIS-III Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores but unrelated to the Performance IQ (PIQ) score. In addition, analyses indicated that, while there were no significant differences between the PPVT-III score and WAIS-III mean FSIQ and PIQ scores, the PPVT-III mean score was significantly lower than the WAIS-III VIQ. Further analysis indicated that the PPVT-III adequately estimated WAIS-III FSIQ and VIQ scores for participants who were classified as Average or High Average on the WAIS-III. However, for participants in the Superior range, the PPVT-III tended to underestimate FSIQ and VIQ scores by approximately 10 points. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 417,422, 2001. [source] Using Kernel Equating to Assess Item Order Effects on Test ScoresJOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT, Issue 2 2007Tim Moses This study explored the use of kernel equating for integrating and extending two procedures proposed for assessing item order effects in test forms that have been administered to randomly equivalent groups. When these procedures are used together, they can provide complementary information about the extent to which item order effects impact test scores, in overall score distributions and also at specific test scores. In addition to detecting item order effects, the integrated procedures also suggest the equating function that most adequately adjusts the scores to mitigate the effects. To demonstrate, the statistical equivalences of alternate versions of two large-volume advanced placement exams were assessed. [source] EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO THE AROMA OF A PRELOAD ON SUBSEQUENT INTAKE OF A FOOD WITH THE SAME AROMAJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 4 2002J.-X. GUINARD ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that exposure to an aroma through a food or beverage in the first part of a meal (preload) would reduce the consumption of a food with the same aroma in the second portion of the meal, because of olfactory-specific satiety. In a first experiment, 35 young, normal-weight adults participated in 2 lunch sessions during which they consumed a fixed preload of either ranch-flavored or plain potato chips and sparkling water, followed by ad libitum consumption of a pasta salad with ranch dressing and sparkling water. In the second experiment, 33 subjects consumed a fixed preload of either lemon-flavored or plain sparkling water and pasta salad with ranch dressing, followed by ad libitum consumption of lemon-flavored yogurt and plain sparkling water. No difference was observed in the amount of food consumed (corrected for session order effects) as a function of prior exposure to ranch flavor in the chips or lemon flavor in the water. We conclude that exposure to a preload aroma may not have a significant effect on subsequent intake of a food with the same aroma. [source] Assessing giftedness with the WISC-III and the SB-IVPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 5 2002Michael Simpson The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Third Edition (WISC-III) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale,Fourth Edition (SB-IV), were administered to 20 gifted children and 20 non-gifted children to examine the extent of the difference in IQ scores obtained on the two tests and whether order effects were present. Results show that the SB-IV Composite Score was significantly higher than the WISC-III Full Scale IQ for both groups. However, for the gifted group, unlike the non-gifted group, this difference achieved significance only when the SB-IV was administered first. When either IQ test was administered to the gifted students for the first time, without the confound of a learning influence, there was no significant difference in mean scores. However, when both tests were administered, it was found that the SB-IV influenced the WISC-III Full Scale IQ in a downward direction whereas the WISC-III influenced the SB-IV Composite Score in an upward direction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||