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Oral Origin (oral + origin)
Selected AbstractsIntra- and extra-oral halitosis: finding of a new form of extra-oral blood-borne halitosis caused by dimethyl sulphideJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 9 2007Albert Tangerman Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to unravel the origen and cause of intra-oral and extra-oral halitosis. Material and Methods: We studied 58 patients complaining of halitosis, using gas chromatography of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in mouth and nose breath, organoleptic scoring of mouth and nose breath, Halimeter® readings of mouth air and tongue-coating inspection. Subjects had no precence or history of periodontitis. Result: Of 58 patients, 47 patients had halitosis of oral origin, six had halitosis of extra-oral origin and five had no halitosis (halitophobia). A strong correlation was found between the degree of intra-oral halitosis as measured by organoleptic scoring of mouth breath and the concentration of the VSCs hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) in mouth breath. Taking into account the much larger odour index of CH3SH, it was concluded that CH3SH is the main contributor to intra-oral halitosis. In all six cases of extra-oral halitosis, halitosis was caused by the presence of elevated levels of dimethyl sulphide (CH3SCH3) in mouth and nose breath. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that the VSC, CH3SH and to a lesser extent H2S are the main contributors to intra-oral halitosis and that CH3SCH3 is the main contributor to extra-oral or blood-borne halitosis, due to a hitherto unknown metabolic disorder. [source] Clinical effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc-lactate on oral halitosisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2003A dual-center, double-blind placebo-controlled study Abstract Objectives:, The aim of this double-blind, parallel study was to test the clinical efficacy of a newly developed mouthrinse in the treatment of oral halitosis in patients without periodontitis. Material and methods:, Forty volunteers, recruited in two centers, participated in this study. Patients were selected on the basis of (1) halitosis of oral origin, (2) full-mouth organoleptic score>1, using an arbitrary 0,5 scale, (3) level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC)>170 parts per billion (ppb) and (4) Winkel tongue coating index (WTCI)>4 (0,12). Intervention included gargling with a mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine (0.05%), cetylpyridinium chloride (0.05%) and zinc-lactate (0.14%) or with a placebo mouthrinse without active ingredients. At days 0 and 14 clinical variables were assessed in order of performance: (1) organoleptic assessments, (2) levels of VSC, and (3) WTCI. Results:, Treatment with the active mouthrinse resulted in a significant mean reduction in the organoleptic score from 2.8 to 1.5 (p<0.005). In the placebo group, no significant reduction in the mean organoleptic score occurred. Consequently, this resulted, after 2 weeks, in a greater change of the organoleptic scores in the test group in comparison to the placebo group (p<0.005). The mean VSC scores were reduced from 292 to 172 ppb in the test group (p<0.005), whereas no reduction was observed in the placebo group. At the 2-week examination, the mean change of the VSC scores in the test group was significantly greater than the mean change in the placebo group (p<0.005). Neither in the test nor in the placebo group a significant reduction in tongue coating was observed. Conclusions:, In conclusion, the tested mouthrinse is effective in the treatment of oral halitosis. Zusammenfassung Klinischer Effekt einer neuartigen Chlorhexidin, Cetylpyridiniumchlorid und Zinklaktat enthaltenden Mundspüllösung auf Mundgeruch. Eine bizentrische plazebokontrollierte Doppelblindstudie Zielsetzung: Untersuchung der klinischen Wirksamkeit einer neu entwickelten Mundspüllösung für die Behandlung von Mundgeruch bei Patienten, die keine Parodontitis haben, mittels einer parallelarmigen Doppelblindstudie. Material und Methoden: 40 Freiwillige, die an 2 Zentren rekrutiert wurden, nahmen an dieser Studie teil. Die Patienten wurden nach folgenden Kriterien ausgewählt: 1) Mundgeruch, 2) organoleptischer Wert der gesamten Mundhöhle > 1 auf einer arbiträren Skala von 0 bis 5, 3) Spiegel flüchtiger Schwefelverbindungen (VSC) > 170 parts per billion (ppb), 4) Winkel Zungenbelagsindex (WTCI) > 4 (0-12). Die Therapie umfasste Gurgeln mit einer Mundspüllösung, die Chlorhexidin (0,05%), Cetylpyridiniumchlorid (0,05%) und Zinklaktat (0.14%) enthielt oder mit einer Plazebospüllösung, die keine aktiven Bestandteile aufwies. Am Tag 0 und 14 wurden klinische Parameter in folgender Reihenfolge erhoben: 1) organoleptische Messungen, 2) VSC-Spiegel, 3) WTCI. Ergebnisse: Die Behandlung mit der aktiven Spüllösung resultierte in einer signifikanten mittleren Reduktion des organoleptischen Werts von 2,8 auf 1,5 (p<0,005), während in der Plazebogruppe keine signifikante Verringerung des mittleren organoleptischen Werts beobachtet wurde. Konsequenterweise ergab sich nach 2 Wochen in der Testgruppe eine stärkere Veränderung des organoleptischen Werts als in der Plazebogruppe (p<0,005). Der mittlere VSC-Wert wurde in der Testgruppe von 292 auf 172 ppb reduziert (p<0,005), während in der Plazebogruppe keine Veränderung auftrat. Nach 2 Wochen wurde in der Testgruppe eine signifikant stärkere Veränderung des VSC-Werts beobachtet als in der Kontrollgruppe (p<0,005). Weder in der Test- noch in der Plazebogruppe wurde eine signifikante Reduktion des Zungenbelags beobachtet. Schlussfolgerung: Die untersuchte Mundspüllösung ist wirksam zur Behandlung von Mundgeruch. Résumé Effets cliniques d'un nouveau bain de bouche contenant de la chlorhexidine, du chlorure de cetylpyridinium et du lactate de zinc sur l'halitose buccale. Une étude bi-centrique contrôlée par placebo en double aveugle. Objectifs: Le but de cette étude bi-centrique en double aveugle en parallèle était de tester l'efficacité clinique d'un bain de bouche récemment développé pour le traitement de l'halitose buccale sans parodontite. Matériel & Méthodes: 40 volontaires recrutés dans deux centres ont participéà cette étude. Les patients ont été sélectionnés sur les critères suivants : 1) halitose d'origine buccale, 2) score organoleptique de la bouche complète > 1, en utilisant une échelle arbitraire allant de 0 à 5, 3) un niveau de composés volatiles sulfurés (VSC) > 170 portions par billion (ppb) 4) un indice de recouvrement de la langue de Winkel (WTCI) > 4 (0,12). L'intervention comprenait un gargarisme avec un bain de bouche contenant de la chlorhexidine (0.05%), du chlorure de cetylpyridinium (0.05%) et du lactate de zinc (0.14%) ou avec un placebo sans ingrédients actifs. Au jours 0 et 14 les paramètres cliniques furent relevés pour l'ordre d'exécution 1) estimation organoleptique 2)niveaux de VSC, 3) WTCI. Résultats: le traitement avec le bain de bouche actif résultait en une réduction moyenne significative du score organoleptique de 2.8 à 1.5 (p < 0.005). Dans le groupe placebo, aucune réduction significative du score moyen organoleptique n'était par contre relevée. En consequence, ceci impliquait après 2 semaines un changement plus grand des scores organoleptiques dans le groupe test par rapport par rapport au groupe placebo (p < 0.005). Les scores moyens de VSC étaient réduits de 292 à 172 ppb dans le groupe test (p < 0.005), alors qu'aucune diminution n'était observée dans le groupe placebo. Lors de l'examen à 2 semaines, le changement moyen des scores de VSC dans le groupe test était significativement plus importants que le changement moyen dans le groupe placebo. (p < 0.005). Aucune réduction significative du recouvrement de la langue n'était par contre observée, ni dans le groupe test, ni dans le groupe placebo. Conclusions: En conclusion, Le bain de bouche testé est efficace pour le traitement de l'halitose. [source] Susceptibility of oral obligate anaerobes to telithromycin, moxifloxacin and a number of commonly used antibacterialsMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2007I. Tomás Introduction:, Obligate anaerobes are closely involved in the pathogenesis of oral and focal infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility profiles of obligate anaerobes of oral origin to telithromycin (TLM), moxifloxacin (MXF), and other antibiotics that are commonly used in dentistry. Methods:, The study sample comprised 172 obligate anaerobes isolated from the saliva of 43 adult volunteers. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the agar dilution technique in Brucella agar medium supplemented with vitamin K, haemin and 5% (volume/volume) laked sheep blood, and incubated under anaerobic conditions. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology was followed and its criteria were used for the qualitative interpretation of the results. The antibiotics evaluated were: amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMX-CLA), clindamycin (CM), metronidazole (MTZ), azithromycin (AZM), TLM and MXF. Results:, Resistance to AMX (MIC90 16 mg/l) was observed in 45.3% of the obligate anaerobes and resistance to CM (MIC90 16 mg/l) was found in 18.6%. All the isolates were sensitive to MTZ (MIC90 = 1 mg/l) and 98.8% were sensitive to AMX-CLA (MIC90 = 2 mg/l). The MIC90 values for AZM, TLM and MXF were 16, 8 and 2 mg/l, respectively. Conclusion:, Pathogenic, opportunistic and non-pathogenic obligate anaerobes showed high percentages of resistance to AMX and CM, and high MIC values for AZM in the absence of recently administered antibiotics. MXF showed a higher activity than TLM, similar to that detected for AMX-CLA and MTZ. In consequence, MXF could represent a possible alternative antimicrobial against obligate anaerobes of oral origin, particularly in those patients with allergy, intolerance or lack of response to AMX-CLA or MTZ. [source] Expression and roles of herpesvirus entry mediators A and C in cells of oral originMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2002S.-L. Hung The roles of viral glycoprotein D (gD) and cellular herpesvirus entry mediators A (HveA) and C (HveC) in herpes simplex virus entry into oral cells were determined. Studies with purified truncated forms of gD-1, HveA and HveC indicated that these molecules may be involved in herpes simplex virus entry into oral cells. Moreover, HveA was expressed similarly in primary cultures of gingival keratinocytes and fibroblasts, whereas HveC was expressed at higher levels in gingival keratinocytes, as determined by RT-PCR and immunocytochemical staining. Further analysis using immunohistochemistry demonstrated that both HveA and HveC were expressed in epithelial cells, fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in gingival tissues. However, only HveC was detected in nerve fibers. Also, HveA was detected throughout the epidermis, whereas HveC was pronounced in the strata basale and spinosum. In conclusion, this study characterized HveA and HveC, molecules that may participate in entry of herpes simplex virus into oral cells. [source] Possible association between amniotic fluid micro-organism infection and microflora in the mouthBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 5 2002Caroline Bearfield Objective To determine whether oral bacteria are found in the amniotic cavity. Design Laboratory based analysis of clinical samples. Setting Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel. Population Forty-eight women attending for elective caesarean section. Methods Dental plaque, a high vaginal swab, amniotic fluid and chorioamnion tissue were taken from women with intact membranes. Main outcome measures Samples were investigated using culture and microscopy for the presence of micro-organisms. Amniotic fluid was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the ubiquitous 16S rRNA gene specific to most eubacteria. Samples were analysed using PCR genus and species specific primers directed to bacterial taxa found as part of the normal oral microflora (Streptococcus spp. and Fusobacterium nucleatum). Levels of prostaglandin E2 and cytokines were measured in amniotic fluid. Results Amniotic fluid was positive for universal bacteria PCR, Streptococcus spp. PCR and F. nucleatum PCR in 34/48, 20/48 and 7/48 of cases, respectively. Streptococcus spp. and F. nucleatum were cultured from the dental plaque, vagina and amniotic fluid of 48/48, 14/48, 0/48 and 29/48, 6/48, 0/48 subjects, respectively. A significant association was found between detection of microbial DNA (universal and F. nucletum) and complications in previous pregnancies including miscarriage, intrauterine death, neonatal death, preterm delivery and premature rupture of membranes (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Prostaglandin E2 and cytokine levels, with the exception of IL-1,, were not significantly different between women with and without evidence of infection. Conclusions The results indicate that Streptococcus spp. and F. nucleatum in the amniotic fluid may have an oral origin. [source] | ||||||||||