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Oral Infections (oral + infections)
Selected AbstractsBleeding on probing differentially relates to bacterial profiles: the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology StudyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Ryan T. Demmer Abstract Aim: Various bacterial species are differentially prevalent in periodontal health, gingivitis or periodontitis. We tested the independent associations between three bacterial groupings and gingival inflammation in an epidemiological study. Material and Methods: In 706 Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST) participants 55 years, bleeding on probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD) and subgingival plaque samples (n=4866) were assessed in eight sites per mouth. Eleven bacterial species were quantitatively assayed and grouped as follows: (i) aetiologic burden (EB, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia); (ii) putative burden (PB, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Micromonas micros, Prevotella intermedia); (iii) health-associated burden (HAB, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula). Results: After mutual adjustment for EB, PB and HAB, the BoP prevalence increased by 45% ( p<0.0001) across increasing quartiles of EB while BoP decreased by 13% ( p<0.0001) across increasing quartiles of HAB. Mean PD increased 0.8 mm and decreased 0.3 mm from the first to fourth quartiles of EB (p<0.0001) and HAB ( p<0.0001), respectively. Among 1214 plaque samples with fourth quartile EB, 60% were collected from sites with PD 3 mm. Conclusion: Bacterial species believed to be aetiologically related to periodontitis were associated with BoP in sites with minimal PD and/or attachment level (AL). Species presumed to be associated with periodontal health demonstrated inverse associations with BoP. [source] Radiographic periodontal attachment loss as an indicator of death risk in the elderlyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2000K. Soikkonen Abstract Objectives: Oral infections have been associated with serious systemic diseases and an increased risk of death. Our aims were to investigate whether radiographically-observed apical periodontitis lesions, carious teeth, periodontal attachment loss (horizontal bone loss, furcation lesions, number of teeth with infrabony periodontal pockets, the extent of infrabony periodontal pockets) and the sum of all these findings have any relationships with all-cause mortality within 4-year follow-up. Material and methods: 292 community-dwelling elderly persons aged 76, 81 and 86 years. The number of deaths within 4 years was 54 (18.5%). In the dentate 169 subjects, of whom 32 (18.9%) deceased within 4 years, the mean number of teeth was 15.5 in men and 13.2 in women. The imaging method used was panoramic radiography supplemented by intraoral radiographs. Results: 51% of the dentate subjects had infrabony pockets (mean 1.5, s.d. 2.2), and 40% had periapical periodontitis lesions (mean 1.0, s.d. 1.6). After controlling for age and gender, vertical bone loss judged as advanced infrabony pockets was associated with 4-year all-cause mortality (Odds ratio 2.2,1.0,4.7). Other associations were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Periodontal attachment loss may indicate an increased risk of death in the elderly. [source] Epidemiologic issues in studies of association between apical periodontitis and systemic healthENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2004Daniel J. Caplan Perhaps the most exciting issue currently facing the dental research community centers around a hypothesized connection between chronic inflammatory oral infections, most notably periodontal disease, and the development of adverse systemic health conditions. To date, inflammation of endodontic origin (i.e., apical periodontitis (AP)) has not been extensively studied in this regard despite being a commonly found sequel to bacterial infection of the dental pulp space. Although numerous differences exist between chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal and endodontic origins, there are some notable similarities, primarily that: (1) both often are associated with Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, and (2) elevated cytokine levels may be released systemically from acute and chronic manifestations of both disease processes. This article provides a brief review of several important concepts concerning adverse general health outcomes as they relate to periodontal disease, summarizes recent epidemiologic studies of AP and root canal therapy, and reviews some general issues involved in the conduct of epidemiologic studies as well as how these issues apply to investigations that address potential links between endodontic inflammatory disease and adverse systemic health outcomes. [source] Oral health and morbidity , implications of oral infections on the elderlyGERODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Jukka H. Meurman Detrimental effects of oral infections on general health have been known for almost 3000 years. Modern studies, however, have cast new light on the pathogenic mechanisms by which oral infections appear to link with morbidity and mortality. In particular, among the elderly, poor dental health seems to associate with all-cause mortality. This review aims to provide an overview of present knowledge of these issues, starting from dental bacteraemia, oral mucosal infections and problems of drug resistance and, briefly, discussing what is known about the link between oral health and some systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis and type-2 diabetes. The main conclusions are that scientific evidence is still weak on these interactions and that the elderly should be better taken into account when planning future studies. Functions of the body differ in the frail and diseased from those of the young. Consequently, novel prevention and treatment strategies should be developed and properly tested for combating oral infections in elderly populations. Specific suggestions for further research are outlined. [source] Dental hygiene education for nursing staff in a nursing home for older peopleJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 6 2010Erika Kullberg kullberg e., sjögren p., forsell m., hoogstraate j., herbst b. & johansson o. (2010) Dental hygiene education for nursing staff in a nursing home for older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(6), 1273,1279. Abstract Title.,Dental hygiene education for nursing staff in a nursing home for older people. Aim., This paper is a report of a study evaluating the effect of a repeated education programme for nursing staff in a home for older people. Background., A strong relationship exists between oral infections and general health complications (especially aspiration pneumonia) among nursing home residents and hospitalized older people. Thus, nursing staff need to be educated in oral hygiene measures. Methods., Forty-three nursing home resident older people (12 men, 31 women, age range 69,99 years) were included in a dental hygiene and gingivitis evaluation using gingival bleeding scores and modified plaque scores. Evaluation was conducted before and 3 weeks after a repeated dental hygiene education for nursing staff at a nursing home in Sweden in 2008. Dental hygiene education had been given 1ˇ5 years previously. Findings., Forty-one residents (12 men and 29 women) were available for evaluation after the repeated dental hygiene education (one died, one had had teeth extracted). There was a reduction in gingival bleeding scores (P < 0ˇ001), and in plaque scores (P < 0ˇ001). Conclusion., Repeated dental hygiene education improves the dental hygiene among nursing home resident older people. In order to succeed it may be necessary to address attitudes and perceptions towards oral care in such a dental hygiene education programme for nursing staff. Improved oral hygiene contributes to reducing the incidence of healthcare-associated pneumonia among nursing home resident older people, and thus to reduced healthcare costs. [source] Detection of Mild Hyposalivation in Elderly People Based on the Chewing Time of Specifically Designed Disc Tests: Diagnostic AccuracyJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 4 2009DrOdont, Isabelle Madinier DDS OBJECTIVES: To compare sialometry with chewing time (including swallowing) of specifically designed disc tests. DESIGN: Index test versus reference standard (sialometry; 60 patients); reliability study (10 patients). SETTING: Outpatient dental clinic and geriatric ward, Nice University Hospital, France. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty adults and 30 older patients (mean ages 47 and 84). INTERVENTION: Index test assessment in patients with and without hyposalivation. MEASUREMENTS: Data from medical files, interviews and oral examination were collected. Sialometry (stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) mL/min) and disc chewing times (seconds) were measured. RESULTS: Sialometry was too long and was inappropriate for five of the 30 older persons. Chewing times were negatively correlated to sialometry results (Spearman correlation coefficient (R)=0.77, P<.001). The threshold to diagnose hyposalivation (SSFR <1 mL/min) was 40 seconds (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.921, 100% sensitivity, 72% specificity). Twenty-seven subjects with a SSFR less than 1.5 mL/min had a chewing time longer than 40 seconds, suggesting that mild hyposalivation and eating difficulties were related (AUC=0.941, 93% sensitivity, 88% specificity). Mean chewing time was greater with xerostomia (51.9 vs 30.7 seconds, P<.001) but not with dental pain (39.5 vs 39.9, P=.96). Masticatory percentage (e.g., pairs of antagonistic teeth) had no effect on chewing time (SSFR <1 mL/min, AUC=0.921; SSFR <1.5 mL/min, AUC=0.950). Reliability was better for the disc test than for sialometry (intraclass correlation 0.85 vs 0.70). CONCLUSION: This disc test was conceived to detect mild hyposalivation in geriatric patients with impaired dental health. Early detection of hyposalivation could help to suppress or avoid xerostomia-inducing drugs and to prevent oral infections and dental caries. [source] Cytokine profiles in parotid saliva from HIV-1-infected individuals: changes associated with opportunistic infections in the oral cavityMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2000K. P. Black The purpose of this study was to quantitate levels of cytokines in parotid saliva of subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and to determine if the cytokine profiles differ in subjects with an oral opportunistic infection, i.e., candidiasis or oral hairy leukoplakia. Parotid saliva samples were obtained from HIV-infected individuals with or without candidiasis or oral hairy leukoplakia and from healthy controls and were assessed by ELISA for levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, transforming growth factor-,, tumor necrosis factor-, and interferon (IFN)-,. Saliva from HIV-infected subjects with oral candidiasis had significantly higher levels of IFN-, than that seen in HIV-infected individuals with no oral disease and significantly higher levels of IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-, than saliva of healthy controls. No significant difference was seen in cytokine levels in saliva from HIV-infected subjects with no oral infections and healthy controls. The HIV-infected subjects with oral hairy leukoplakia displayed significantly higher levels of both IL-1, and IFN-, compared with the HIV and no oral disease group and a higher level of IFN-, than seen in saliva from the healthy control group. In comparing cytokine levels from both HIV and oral disease groups, significant differences were detected in levels of IL-5 and IL-10. These results indicate that the profile of salivary cytokines is altered as a result of the oral opportunistic infection candidiasis or oral hairy leukoplakia and also by concurrent HIV infection. [source] Oral infectious diseases: a potential risk factor for HIV virus recrudescence?ORAL DISEASES, Issue 5 2009OA González As the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transitioned human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection into a ,chronic disease' management strategy, there is growing evidence that infection with non-HIV pathogens in HIV+ patients may have important public health implications in undermining HAART success and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome progression. Several bacterial and host cell products during infections with non-HIV pathogens have shown the capacity to regulate HIV replication in latently infected cells. A high prevalence of oral infections caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi has been described in HIV+ patients, including periodontal disease. The oral cavity appears to be a site of HIV pathogenesis and potential reservoir for the disease as HIV RNA and DNA forms are present in saliva as well as in gingival crevicular fluid, and oral epithelial cells are susceptible to either cell free or cell-associated HIV infection. The clinical and biological bases of potential associations between chronic oral inflammatory disorders, such as periodontal disease, and exacerbation of HIV viraemia have received little attention. This review attempts to evaluate the current understanding of HIV reactivation as a result of co-infection and/or inflammation induced by non-HIV pathogens in HIV-infected patients, and presents a hypothetic model about the potential role of periodontitis as a global oral infection that potentially contributes to HIV recrudescence. [source] Kostmann disease,infantile genetic agranulocytosis: historical views and new aspectsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 12 2002Rolf ZetterströmArticle first published online: 2 JAN 200 The results in the main reports on infantile genetic agranulocytosis or Kostmann Syndrome are summarized. New views on the pathogensis of the syndrome are given in a recent paper by Pütsep et al. Kostmann syndrome may cause early onset Group B streptococcal neonatal sepsis as reported in this issue of Acta Paediatrica (9). Conclusion: Patients with Kostmann Syndrome who are successfully treated for agranulocytosis with serum colony stimulating factor remain deficient in cathelin-LL-37, a peptide antibiotic, which is normally present in neutrophils and saliva. This deficiency may explain that patients who are successfully treated for angranulocytosis continue to suffer from oral infections such as chronic periodontitis. [source] | ||||||||||