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Oral Hygiene (oral + hygiene)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Periodontology	24%
Oral Sciences & Technology	10%
Implant Dentistry	8%
General Dentistry	7%
12 Other Subdomains	51%

Kinds of Oral Hygiene

poor oral hygiene

Terms modified by Oral Hygiene

oral hygiene care

oral hygiene habit

oral hygiene instruction

oral hygiene instructions

oral hygiene measure

oral hygiene practice

oral hygiene procedure

oral hygiene status

Selected Abstracts

Oral hygiene of elderly people in long-term care institutions , a cross-sectional study

GERODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2006
Luc M. De Visschere
Objective:, The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the level of oral hygiene in elderly people living in long-term care institutions and to investigate the relationship between institutional and individual characteristics, and the observed oral cleanliness. Materials and methods:, Clinical outcome variables, denture plaque and dental plaque were gathered from 359 older people (14%) living in 19 nursing homes. Additional data were collected by a questionnaire filled out by all health care workers employed in the nursing homes. Results:, Only 128 (36%) residents had teeth present in one or both dental arches. About half of the residents (47%) wore complete dentures. The mean dental plaque score was 2.17 (maximum possible score = 3) and the mean denture plaque score was 2.13 (maximum possible score = 4). Significantly more plaque was observed on the mucosal surface of the denture with a mean plaque score of 2.33 vs. 1.93 on the buccal surface (p < 0.001). In the multiple analyses only the degree of dependency on an individual level was found to be significantly correlated with the outcome dental plaque (odds ratio: 3.09) and only the management of the institution with denture plaque (odds ratio: 0.43). Conclusion:, Oral hygiene was poor, both for dentures and remaining teeth in residents in long-term care institutions and only the degree of dependency of the residents and the management of the institutions was associated with the presence of dental plaque and denture plaque respectively. [source]

Oral hygiene and the need for treatment of the dependent institutionalised elderly

GERODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
Sylvie Montal
Objective:, To assessing the oral hygiene and treatment needs of a geriatric institution in southern France. Background:, For various reasons, the care demand from elderly people is low and difficult to determine, whereas their oral status would need long and complicated treatments. Materials and methods:, From 2003 to 2004, a cross-sectional study of 321 elderly patients was conducted at several geriatric services of Montpellier, France. The clinical evaluation of dental status was recorded together with medical information. Dental and prosthetic hygiene, status of dentures, caries experience, dependence conditions and treatment needs were evaluated. Results:, The prevalence of edentulism was 27%, with no gender difference (23% of the men and 29% of the women). Among them, 16.7% (upper jaw) and 18.1% (lower jaw) were totally edentulous with no denture. The mean number of decayed and missing teeth was 3.7 for men and 2.8 for women and 21.5 for men and 21.0 for women, respectively. The mean number of filled teeth was 0.8 for men and 1.3 for women, with no statistical difference according to gender for the three indexes. Most of the subjects needed prostheses (53%), 45.1% extractions and 30.6% conservative treatments. Only 2.4% did not need any treatment. Conclusion:, The prevalence of edentulism was relatively low, while the need for prosthodontic rehabilitation, especially for men, was still very high. The dental hygiene was globally inadequate. This evaluation emphasises the care demand and the need for help in oral hygiene procedures for the dependent institutionalised elderly. [source]

Oral hygiene practices, periodontal conditions, dentition status and self-reported bad mouth breath among young mothers, Tanzania

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 4 2006
EGS Mumghamba
Abstract:,Objectives:,To determine the oral hygiene practices, periodontal conditions, dentition status and self-reported bad mouth breath (S-BMB) among young mothers. Study participants and methods:,This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A total of 302 postpartum mothers, aged 14,44 years, were interviewed on oral hygiene practices and S-BMB using structured questionnaire. Oral hygiene, dentition and periodontal status were assessed using the Community Periodontal Index probe and gingival recessions (GR) using Williams Periodontal probe. Results:,Tooth brushing practice was 99%; tongue brushing (95%), plastic toothbrush users (96%), chewing stick (1%), wooden toothpicks (76%), dental floss (<1%); and toothpaste (93%). The prevalence of plaque and gingival bleeding on probing was 100%, gum bleeding during tooth brushing (33%), calculus (99%), probing periodontal pocket depth (PPD) 4,5 mm (27%), PPD 6+ mm (3%), GR 1+ mm (27%) and tooth decay (55%). The prevalence of S-BMB was 14%; the S-BMB had higher mean number of sites with plaque compared to the no S-BMB group (P = 0.04). Factors associated with S-BMB were gum bleeding on tooth brushing (OR = 2.4) and PPD 6+ mm (OR = 5.4). Conclusion:,Self-reported bad mouth breath is a cause of concern among young mothers, and associated significant factors were gum bleeding on tooth brushing and deep periodontal pockets of 6+ mm. Further research involving clinical diagnosis of bad mouth breath and intervention through oral health promotion and periodontal therapy are recommended. Clinical relevance:,This study provides baseline information on oral health status and the complaint on bad mouth breath which necessitates in the future need for objective assessment, diagnosis and management of bad mouth breath for enhanced social and professional interaction without embarrassments. [source]

Microbiological findings and host response in patients with peri-implantitis

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002
Margareta Hultin
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterise microbiota and inflammatory host response around implants and teeth in patients with peri-implantitis. We included 17 partly edentulous patients with a total of 98 implants, of which 45 showed marginal bone loss of more than three fixture threads after the first year of loading. Nineteen subjects with stable marginal tissue conditions served as controls. Oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, and probing pocket depth were evaluated clinically at teeth and implants. Microbiological and crevicular fluid samples were collected from five categories of sites: 1) implants with peri-implantitis (PI), 2) stable implants (SI) in patients with both stable and peri-implantitis implants, 3) control implants (CI) in patients with stable implants alone, 4) teeth in patients (TP) and 5) controls (TC). Crevicular fluid from teeth and implants was analysed for elastase activity, lactoferrin and IL-1, concentrations. Elastase activity was higher at PI than at CI in controls. Lactoferrin concentration was higher at PI than at SI in patients with peri-implantitis. Higher levels of both lactoferrin and elastase activity were found at PI than at teeth in patients. The concentrations of IL-1, were about the same in the various sites. Microbiological DNA-probe analysis revealed a putative periodontal microflora at teeth and implants in patients and controls. Patients with peri-implantitis harboured high levels of periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus and Treponema denticola. These findings indicate a site-specific inflammation rather than a patient-associated specific host response. [source]

Experiences of oral care in patients with haematological malignancies or head and neck cancer

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 3 2003
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR , K.E.O. ÖHRN RDH
The aim of the present study was to investigate cancer patients' experiences of oral hygiene information, oral care and self-care, information on oral complications, examination of the oral cavity, and ability to eat and drink during cancer treatment, and to explore patient attitudes to oral examination and oral hygiene. The sample consisted of 41 consecutive patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (n = 18) or with chemotherapy for haematological malignancies (n = 23). Patients were interviewed at the end of radiotherapy or the second/third chemotherapy cycle. Compared with patients receiving chemotherapy, those who received radiotherapy had significantly more often visited hospital dentistry, been informed about oral complications and oral hygiene, received instructions in oral hygiene procedures, and been examined by hospital staff. More of the radiotherapy patients experienced oral symptoms and difficulties to eat and drink during treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to patient experiences of the oral hygiene procedures. Only one patient objected to having hospital staff discuss oral hygiene procedures, and three did not want hospital staff to examine their oral cavity. Patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy need to be monitored during treatment with regard to their oral status and oral symptoms and complications. There are no acceptable reasons for allowing patients to suffer from oral symptoms that can be reduced. [source]

Factors influencing the caries decline in Lithuanian adolescents , trends in the period 1993,2001

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2004
Jolanta Aleksej
The study aimed to relate a number of factors to the numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) in 12- and 15-yr-olds examined and interviewed in 1993 and 2001. A total of 1250 children in 1993 and 935 in 2001 were clinically examined and completed a detailed questionnaire on dental health-related topics. Factors were related to the DMFT count applying multiple regression analysis. From 1993 to 2001, the mean DMFT decreased approximately 30% in both age cohorts. Despite an observed improvement in dental health in Lithuanian children, the number of Lithuanian children reporting frequent sugar consumption, brushing teeth irregularly and visiting the dentist only in case of emergency was still high compared with Western countries. The DMFT values were related to the fluoride content in the drinking water, oral hygiene, residency and year of examination. [source]

Effects of prolonged gum chewing on pain and fatigue in human jaw muscles

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2001
Mauro Farella
Gum chewing has been accepted as an adjunct to oral hygiene, as salivary stimulant and vehicle for various agents, as well as for jaw muscle training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged gum chewing on pain, fatigue and pressure tenderness of the masticatory muscles. Fifteen women without temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were requested to perform one of the following chewing tasks in three separate sessions: chewing a very hard gum, chewing a soft gum, and empty-chewing with no bolus. Unilateral chewing of gum or empty chewing was performed for 40 min at a constant rate of 80 cycles/min. In each session, perceived muscle pain and masticatory fatigue were rated on visual analog scales (VAS) before, throughout, and after the chewing task. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were assessed before and immediately after the chewing tasks, and again after 24 h. The VAS scores for pain and fatigue significantly increased only during the hard gum chewing, and after 10 min of recovery VAS scores had decreased again, almost to their baseline values. No significant changes were found for PPTs either after hard or soft gum chewing. The findings indicate that the jaw muscles recover quickly from prolonged chewing activity in subjects without TMD. [source]

Oral health and oral implant status in edentulous patients with implant-supported dental prostheses who are receiving long-term nursing care

GERODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
Rita Isaksson
Aim:, The aim of this study was to investigate oral health and oral implant status in a group of edentulous patients receiving long-term residential or nursing care (LTC), all of whom had implant-supported fixed or removable dental prostheses. Material and methods:, A dental examination was performed on a total of 3310 patients receiving LTC and from this population 35 edentulous patients in whom dental implants had been placed formed the cohort for this study. All examinations were performed by a specialist in hospital dentistry and took place in the patients' own home environment. Oral health was assessed by means of a protocol which evaluated oral hygiene status, possible oral mucosal inflammation and oral mucosal friction levels. Any problems with the implant-supported prosthesis, implant mobility or other complications were also assessed. In addition, patients were asked about any oral symptoms and their usual oral hygiene procedures. Results:, About half of the subjects (17/35) were registered as having no/mild inflammation with 18 of 35 having moderate/severe inflammation. Twelve of the 35 patients had good/acceptable oral hygiene and 23 of 35 had poor/bad oral hygiene. Twenty-one of the 35 patients depended on help from the nursing personnel for their daily oral hygiene procedures. Obvious problems with food impaction were noted in 11 patients. A total of 229 implants had been placed in 43 jaws supporting 40 full arch-fixed prostheses and three implant-borne overdentures. There was no evidence of mobility or fractures of either the implants or the prostheses. Fifteen implants showed some exposed screw threads. Pus was exuding from one implant site and general peri-implant gingival hyperplasia was noted in two patients. Twenty-four patients were completely satisfied with the function and appearance of their implant-supported prostheses. Two patients were totally dissatisfied. Conclusion:, This study indicates that oral implant therapy can be considered as a treatment of choice in elderly patients, even if oral hygiene is sub-optimal. [source]

Tooth loss and associated factors in long-term institutionalised elderly patients

GERODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
Paul Tramini
Objective:, To compare partial and total tooth loss in dependent institutionalised elderly patients and identify any associated factors. Background:, A poor oral health status, together with a reduction of autonomy can seriously affect the general health and increase the risk of death in elderly people. Those with total tooth loss and in need of assistance are the most at risk. Materials and methods:, In 2004, a cross-sectional study of 321 elderly patients was conducted in long-term hospital services provided in Montpellier, France. Socio-demographic, behavioural, medical and oral health information was recorded for each patient. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to test the relationship between those covariates and partial or total tooth loss. Pearson chi-squared tests were used for bivariate analyses. Results:, The proportion of edentulousness was 26.9%; among these12.6% had no dentures. The factors significantly associated with edentulism were: an age ,older than 87 years' [odds ratio (OR) = 9.4], the presence of a nephropathy (OR = 6.8), and inadequate oral hygiene (OR = 0.1). The factors most significantly associated with partial tooth loss (at least 21 missing teeth) were ,cancerous disease' (OR = 9.9), the presence of a nephropathy (OR = 5.6) and the presence of a neurological disease (OR = 4.1). The factors significantly related to dentate status (20 or more natural teeth retained) were ,hypertension treatment' (OR = 2.4), and ,cortisone treatment' (OR = 0.2). Conclusion:, General health problems as well as a poor oral condition were significant risk indicators for tooth loss among the long-term institutionalised elderly. This suggests that the number of remaining teeth has a strong effect on oral health-related quality of life. [source]

Effects of 11-month interventions on oral cleanliness among the long-term hospitalised elderly

GERODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2007
Petteri Peltola
Objectives:, This trial studied the effects of interventions on the oral cleanliness of the long-term hospitalised elderly. Background:, Oral cleanliness is mostly poor in long-term facilities. While many agree on the importance of oral hygiene education for nursing personnel, little information and agreement exists on how to organise this education in geriatric institutions. Materials and methods:, This is a longitudinal study with interventions. After a baseline clinical examination, the patient wards were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and the type of intervention was randomly assigned. In group A, dental hygienists provided oral hygiene measures for the subjects once every 3 weeks. In group B, the nursing staff first received hands-on instructions after which they assumed responsibility for the subjects' daily oral hygiene. Group C served as a control. Denture hygiene and dental hygiene were recorded at baseline and in the end of the 11-month study period. In total, 130 subjects completed the interventions; their mean age was 82.9 years. Results:, The best outcome in both denture and dental hygiene occurred when nursing staff at the wards took care of hygiene (group B). The increase in the proportion of those with good denture hygiene was the most prominent in group B (from 11% to 56%). The proportion of subjects with poor overall dental hygiene decreased from 61% at baseline to 57% in the end, for group B from 80% to 48%. Conclusions:, Organised oral health education of the nursing staff should receive more attention. [source]

Oral hygiene of elderly people in long-term care institutions , a cross-sectional study

Oral hygiene and the need for treatment of the dependent institutionalised elderly

Cast titanium overlay denture for a geriatric patient with a reduced vertical dimension

GERODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
Satyabodh Guttal
An older patient reporting to the dental surgery for his/her dental treatment is becoming a common occurrence. Improved oral hygiene has meant that teeth are retained for a longer time, along with the potential problems of attrition, decreased vertical dimension, temporomandibular joint discomfort/strain, and poor aesthetics. The case in question is that of a 65-year-old male patient who had severe attrition in the lower arch, temporomandibular joint pain and reduced vertical dimension. The maxillary arch had previously been restored with a fixed partial prosthesis. For restoration of the lower teeth, a removable cast titanium overlay denture was fabricated incorporating an increased vertical dimension. Porcelain facings were placed to restore the aesthetics of the anterior teeth. The titanium was cast in a semi-automatic electric arc, pressure type casting machine. A titanium overlay denture with porcelain facing on the anterior teeth may provide a means of restoring a patient's concerns regarding aesthetics and function. [source]

Bronchopneumonia and oral health in hospitalized older patients.

GERODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2002
A pilot study
Abstract Aims: To correlate microbial findings obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage in pneumonia patients with the clinical situation of the oral cavity. Method: Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures were carried out in 150 ml samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained by means of an endoscope (Video Endoscope Pentax®) inserted per as in the infected bronchus. Material: Twenty consecutive patients with a tentative clinical diagnosis of bronchopneumonia in whom BAL was carried out for diagnostic purposes. A clinical evaluation of the oral health status (oral hygiene, caries, periodontal diseases) was subsequently carried out. Results: In seven edentulous subjects wearing complete dentures the culture of anaerobic microorganisms was negative or yielding less than 100 cfu/ml BAL. Two patients yielded high counts of S. aureus and one high counts of P. aeruginosa. In the 13 subjects with natural teeth left one showed high counts of Veillonella spp. (anaerobic)+P. aeruginosa, one high counts of Veillonella spp. +S. aureus, one high counts of P. aeruginosa + S. aureus and one high counts of E. coli. These four subjects showed poor oral hygiene, periodontal pockets and a BAL microflora consistent with periodontal pathology. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study suggest that microorganisms of denture plaque or associated with periodontal diseases may give rise to aspiration pneumonia in susceptible individuals. [source]

Orthodontic considerations for gingival health during pregnancy: a review

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 1 2010
PM Mukherjee
Abstract:, Gingivitis is caused by several known systemic and local factors. Among systemic factors, the role of hormonal changes during pregnancy is well established. While presence of fixed orthodontic appliances alone may not cause gingivitis, factors such as pregnancy and poor oral hygiene combined together could precipitate acute gingival inflammation that may progress to a periodontal condition in a patient receiving orthodontic therapy. There has been an increase in the number of adult patients who are receiving orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic appliances could act as a potential plaque retentive source and aggravate inflammatory reactions that are seen during pregnancy. There is a lack of awareness regarding oral healthcare issues among patients who are pregnant and choose to seek orthodontic treatment. In addition, there is a need in the literature to outline management guidelines for patients who want to receive orthodontic treatment during pregnancy, with or without pre-existing gingival conditions. This review focuses on the aetiology of pregnancy gingivitis and the management of orthodontic patients during pregnancy. Our emphasis is on patient education, oral hygiene maintenance, preventive and treatment strategies for the management of gingival health in orthodontic patients during pregnancy. We also highlight some of the possible complications of initiating orthodontic treatment during pregnancy. [source]

Measurement of stain on extracted teeth using spectrophotometry and digital image analysis

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 3 2007
DL Lath
Abstract:, Aim:, The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validate a customized image analysis system, designed for use within clinical trials of general dental hygiene and whitening products, for the measurement of stain levels on extracted teeth and to compare it with reflectance spectrophotometry. Method:, Twenty non-carious extracted teeth were soaked in an artificial saliva, brushed for 1 min using an electric toothbrush and a standard toothpaste, bleached using a 5.3% hydrogen peroxide solution and cycled for 6 h daily through a tea solution. CIE L* values were obtained after each treatment step using the customized image analysis system and a reflectance spectrophotometer. A statistical analysis was carried out in SPSS. Results:, Fleiss' coefficient of reliability for intra-operator repeatability of the image analysis system and spectrophotometry was 0.996 and 0.946 respectively. CIE L* values were consistently higher using the image analysis compared with spectrophotometry, and t -tests for each treatment step showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for the two methods. Limits of agreement between the methods were ,27.95 to +2.07, with a 95% confidence of the difference calculated as ,14.26 to ,11.84. The combined results for all treatment steps showed a significant difference between the methods for the CIE L* values (P < 0.05). Conclusion:, The image analysis system has proven to be a reliable method for assessment of changes in stain level on extracted teeth. The method has been validated against reflectance spectrophotometry. This method may be used for pilot in vitro studies/trials of oral hygiene and whitening products, before expensive in vivo tests are carried out. [source]

Attitudes and opinions of oral health and oral care among community-dwelling elderly subjects in Sweden: an interview study

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 1 2004
K Andersson
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes and opinions of old, independently living people about their oral health and how it has affected them through life. Material and methods: A random selection of 12 individuals was made in a group of 79 individuals who earlier participated in a study about self-reported oral health. The average age was 78.4 years. An interview guide was used as support to focus on oral health. The respondents themselves decided what was important within the topics. The respondents were encouraged to speak freely about their childhood, family, social relations, memories from early dental care, general health situation, experience from health care, life and their future. The interviews were recorded and extended from 60 to 90 min. All of them were transcribed and analysed with phenomenological method inspired by Giogi. The analysis was made by two researchers independently. After 11 interviews, no new information was found; similar opinions, answers and stories recurred. Results: Seven of 11 respondents were born and grown up in the countryside and had moved to Stockholm in the forties. Awareness about dental care was generally low. Many of them have terrible memories from early dental visits, and the dentist was authoritarian and rough. Many had no memories of brushing their teeth as a child. Most of the respondents went to dentists as adults and when they could afford to pay by themselves. After retirement, all have continuous dental care and have visited a dental hygienist during the last 20 years. Nine of 11 have regular contact with a dental hygienist. Most of them are satisfied with their oral health and want to continue being clean and healthy in the mouth. Conclusions: Most of the respondents experienced an improved oral health, information and instructions from the dental hygienist have affected their self-care. Many tell that they have become more aware and carry out the oral hygiene more carefully after retirement. All of them experience that oral health affects the quality of life. [source]

An overview of oral health promotion in adolescents

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2009
VILMA BRUKIEN
Objective., The aim of this study was to overview the effectiveness of different strategies used to promote oral health in adolescents. Methods., A search of the MEDLINE via OVID database was performed through September 2007. The studies aiming to modify oral health-related lifestyle in adolescents with experimental pre- to post-test controlled study design were targeted. Oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, oral hygiene status, gingival health, and caries status were used as outcome measures for the evaluation of changes in adolescent oral health-related behaviour. Results., All studies evaluating knowledge showed cognitive gains. Only slight or no improvement in attitude was reported. The average improvement in oral hygiene was 30,50%. A wide range 0,50% of the effects on gingival health was presented. However, the relapse in oral hygiene status towards baseline values was also observed. Only studies employing professionally applied preventive measures in conjunction with educational activities reported significantly lower caries incidence. Conclusion., The limited success of the behavioural interventions and the lack of diversity in methods used do not allow identification of the best ways to promote oral health towards adolescents. Therefore, alternative approaches for oral health promotion in adolescents should be explored. [source]

Intraoral condition in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis compared to controls

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 6 2008
EVA LEKSELL
Aims. The aims of this study were to compare the periodontal conditions in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in comparison to age-matched healthy individuals, and to describe intraoral health in relation to medical assessments. Design. Forty-one JIA patients, 10,19 years old, were compared to 41 controls. Plaque, calculus, probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss, as well as mucosal lesions were registered. Marginal bone level was recorded on radiographs. A questionnaire was included. Data were analysed with chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann,Whitney U -test (P < 0.05). Results. The JIA patients reported pain from jaws (P = 0.001), hands (P = 0.001), and oral ulcers (P = 0.015) more often than controls. They avoided certain types of food because of oral ulcers (P = 0.037). The frequencies of sites with plaque (32% vs. 19%, P = 0.013), calculus (11% vs. 5%, 5 = 0.034), bleeding on probing (26% vs. 14%, P < 0.01), and probing depth 2 mm (32% vs. 2%, P < 0.001) were higher among JIA patients. No sites with attachment loss or reduced marginal bone level were observed. Conclusions. These obtained results are probably because of joint pain, making it difficult to perform oral hygiene as well as the use of medication and general disease activity. [source]

Kabuki syndrome: oral and general features seen in a 2-year-old Chinese boy

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2006
M. ATAR
Summary., This report describes the case of a young Chinese boy with Kabuki syndrome (KS). KS is a congenital condition characterized by multiple anomalies, especially of the face, and is usually associated with mild to moderate mental retardation. The patient presented with the characteristic facial features of KS and some skeletal and neurological anomalies including a butterfly vertebrae with scoliosis, cerebral atrophy, and irregular dentition. Dental examination revealed screwdriver-shaped incisors and a high arched maxilla, features typical of patients with KS, as well as very poor oral hygiene and early childhood caries. This report includes discussion of the aetiology of KS as well as discussion of the long-term prognosis for this particular patient, and patients with KS in general, with consideration of associated dental and medical issues. [source]

Dental hygiene education for nursing staff in a nursing home for older people

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 6 2010
Erika Kullberg
kullberg e., sjögren p., forsell m., hoogstraate j., herbst b. & johansson o. (2010) Dental hygiene education for nursing staff in a nursing home for older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing,66(6), 1273,1279. Abstract Title.,Dental hygiene education for nursing staff in a nursing home for older people. Aim., This paper is a report of a study evaluating the effect of a repeated education programme for nursing staff in a home for older people. Background., A strong relationship exists between oral infections and general health complications (especially aspiration pneumonia) among nursing home residents and hospitalized older people. Thus, nursing staff need to be educated in oral hygiene measures. Methods., Forty-three nursing home resident older people (12 men, 31 women, age range 69,99 years) were included in a dental hygiene and gingivitis evaluation using gingival bleeding scores and modified plaque scores. Evaluation was conducted before and 3 weeks after a repeated dental hygiene education for nursing staff at a nursing home in Sweden in 2008. Dental hygiene education had been given 1·5 years previously. Findings., Forty-one residents (12 men and 29 women) were available for evaluation after the repeated dental hygiene education (one died, one had had teeth extracted). There was a reduction in gingival bleeding scores (P < 0·001), and in plaque scores (P < 0·001). Conclusion., Repeated dental hygiene education improves the dental hygiene among nursing home resident older people. In order to succeed it may be necessary to address attitudes and perceptions towards oral care in such a dental hygiene education programme for nursing staff. Improved oral hygiene contributes to reducing the incidence of healthcare-associated pneumonia among nursing home resident older people, and thus to reduced healthcare costs. [source]

Interleukin-1, levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2010
Leonardo Trombelli
Trombelli L, Scapoli C, Carrieri A, Giovannini G, Calura G, Farina R. Interleukin-1, levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 697-704 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01573.x. Abstract Aims: To evaluate the interleukin-1, (IL-1,) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in either naturally occurring (N-O) or experimentally induced (E-I) plaque-associated gingivitis. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated in real life conditions (N-O gingivitis) as well as after 21 days of experimental gingivitis trial (E-I gingivitis). During the experimental gingivitis trial, in one maxillary quadrant (test quadrant), gingival inflammation was induced by oral hygiene abstention, while in the contralateral (control) quadrant, oral hygiene was routinely continued. IL-1, concentrations in N-O and E-I gingivitis were investigated for IL-1B+3954 and IL-1B,511 gene polymorphisms. Results: (i) GCF IL-1, concentrations in E-I gingivitis were significantly higher compared with N-O gingivitis; (ii) an intra-individual correlation between GCF concentrations of IL-1, detected in N-O and E-I gingivitis was observed in control quadrants, but not in test quadrants; (iii) IL-1, concentration in GCF was associated with IL-1B+3954 genotype only at test quadrants; (iv) IL-1, was detectable in serum only at low levels in a limited number of subjects, without difference between gingivitis conditions. Conclusions: Aspects of the bacterial challenge to the gingival tissues, such as the amount of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rate, appear to affect the IL-1, levels in GCF in subjects with a specific IL-1B genotype. [source]

Periodontal conditions in male adolescents using smokeless tobacco (moist snuff)

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 12 2006
Ulrika Montén
Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association of the use of smokeless tobacco (moist snuff) on the periodontal conditions of adolescents. Material and methods: A subject sample of one hundred and three 19-year-old male individuals (33 snuff users, 70 controls) living in Göteborg, Sweden, were clinically examined with regard to oral hygiene, gingivitis, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and gingival recession. Bitewing radiographs were obtained for assessments of alveolar bone level. Information about tobacco and oral hygiene habits was obtained by a structured questionnaire. Student 's t -test, ,2 -test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean plaque and gingivitis scores in snuff-users were 59% (SD 21.0) and 47% (18.6), respectively, and in controls 64% (22.4) and 50% (18.3), respectively. The average PPD and CAL in snuff-users amounted to 2.3 mm (0.3) and 0.2 mm (0.1), respectively, and in controls 2.4 mm (0.3) and 0.1 mm (0.1) (p>0.05), respectively. The mean bone level was 1.3 mm (0.2) in both groups. The prevalence of subjects showing recession was 42% among snuff-users and 17% among controls (p=0.006). In snuff users, an average of 4% (0.9) of the teeth showed recession, compared with 1% (0.3) in controls (p<0.001). Limiting the analysis to the maxillary anterior tooth region, 33% of the snuff-users and 10% of the controls presented recessions (p=0.002). The use of snuff entailed an OR=5.1 to have gingival recessions. Conclusion: In the present population sample of adolescents, the use of smokeless tobacco (moist snuff) was not associated with the presence of periodontal disease except for a significantly high prevalence of gingival recessions. [source]

Impact of periodontal preventive programmes on the data from epidemiologic studies

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2005
Per E. Gjermo
Abstract This report provides only circumstantial evidence for the impact of programmes on periodontal epidemiology. The prerequisites for programmes and campaigns are described, and epidemiologic data on periodontal disease are compared with known changes in factors that may be affected by such activities. Unfortunately, parameters for periodontal disease as a process are not available. Only variables indicating irreversible effects on the periodontal status can be obtained. A lack of appropriate studies creates additional problems. This review indicates that preventive programmes and campaigns to improve oral hygiene have affected periodontal epidemiologic data concerning gingivitis and mild/moderate periodontitis favourably. Severe periodontitis seems not to have been influenced by such activities. Smoking is strongly associated with the severity of periodontitis. Therefore, a positive effect may be anticipated following the smoking cessation campaigns currently introduced worldwide. However, because of the irreversible nature of our epidemiologic parameters, it will take decades before any effect may be evident. It is recommended that periodontal epidemiology should be revitalized by introducing a nominalistic categorization instead of the changing essentialistic approaches used so far in order to facilitate the interpretation of data. [source]

Predictive value of clinical and microbiological parameters for the treatment outcome of scaling and root planing

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2005
P. F. Brochut
Abstract Objectives: To compare the clinical and microbiological outcome of non-surgical periodontal therapy after 6 months with data obtained after hygienic phase or 6 weeks after completion of non-surgical therapy, in order to evaluate the value of clinical and microbiological parameters to predict treatment success. Material and Methods: Clinical and microbiological data were available from 271 sites in 10 systemically healthy non-smokers with moderate-to-advanced chronic periodontal disease (24,32 sites per individual). Subgingival plaque samples were tested for the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythensis and Treponema denticola using RNA probes. Results: Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant impact of the number of sites with visible plaque index >1 after hygienic phase on the bleeding tendency of a subject at month 6 (p<0.01). Furthermore, an association could be demonstrated between the number of residual pockets (PD>3 mm) 6 months after therapy and the number of bleeding sites and suppurating sites after hygienic phase (p=0.016). Six weeks after therapy, the mean total bacterial loads had a significant impact on the bleeding tendency of a subject at month 6 (p<0.01). Although the average numbers of sites with persisting P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythensis and T. denticola seemed to be very similar 6 weeks and 6 months after therapy, large variations were noted between subjects, and therefore the microbiological status of a subject at week 6 could not predict the status at month 6. Conclusions: The present study showed a limited potential of microbiological tests, performed after hygienic phase or shortly after non-surgical periodontal therapy, to predict the clinical outcome 6 months later, but confirmed the importance of an establishment of perfect oral hygiene before non-surgical therapy. [source]

Periodontal treatment of patients with Papillon,Lefèvre syndrome: a 3-year follow-up

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 11 2004
T. Lundgren
Abstract Background/aim: Conventional mechanical periodontal treatment of Papillon,Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) has often been reported to fail. This study describes the outcome of a non-surgical periodontal therapy including antimicrobial treatment of nine patients diagnosed with PLS. The patients originate from a total of 15 children and adolescents with PLS for which clinical characteristics are presented. Methods: Clinical examination including conventional periodontal measurements. Initial treatment including oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing and systemic amoxicillin,metronidazole therapy for 6 weeks. After that the patients were enrolled in a 3-month recall maintenance program. In addition to this mechanical supportive maintenance treatment, tetracycline was prescribed and used continuously for 1.5 years. Results/Conclusion: On five patients who were showing acceptable standard of oral hygiene and also compliance with the antibiotic medication, development of periodontitis on erupting teeth was prevented and disease activity on the previously periodontally involved teeth controlled during a 3-year period. Poor results of treatment were observed for three patients, all siblings. These patients failed to comply with the medication and also failed to improve their oral hygiene. [source]

Long-term stability of periodontal conditions achieved following guided tissue regeneration with bioresorbable membranes: case series results after 6,7 years

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 11 2004
Andreas Stavropoulos
Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the results of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) treatment of intrabony defects with bioresorbable membranes after 6,7 years, and to disclose factors that may influence the long-term outcome of the treatment. Methods: Twenty-five defects in 19 patients were treated by means of polylactic acid/citric acid ester copolymer bioresorbable membranes. At baseline and after 1 and 6,7 years, the following parameters were recorded: (1) probing pocket depth (PPD), (2) gingival recession (REC), (3) probing attachment level (PAL)=PPD+REC, (4) presence/absence of plaque (PI), (5) presence/absence of bleeding on probing (BOP). Smoking habits and frequency of dental-control visits were also recorded. Significance of differences between categorical variables was evaluated with McNemar's test, and between numerical variables with the t -test for paired observations. Generalized linear models were constructed to evaluate the influence of various factors on PAL gain and PPD changes from 1 to 6,7 years. Association of smoking, frequency of dental controls, oral hygiene, and BOP with sites losing 2 mm in PAL was evaluated with Fisher's exact test. Results: At baseline, a mean PPD of 8.7±1.1 mm and a mean PAL of 9.8±1.5 mm was recorded. Statistically significant clinical improvements were observed at 1 and 6,7 years after GTR treatment. An average residual PPD of 3.8±1.1 mm and a mean PAL gain of 3.8±1.4 mm were observed after 1 year. After 6,7 years the corresponding values were 4.7±1.3 and 3.6±1.4 mm, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the 1- and the 6,7-year values. At the 6,7-year control, only 16% of the sites had lost 2 mm (maximum 3 mm), of the PAL gain obtained 1 year after GTR treatment. None of the sites had lost all of the attachment gained 1 year after treatment. Smoking, frequency of dental controls, oral hygiene, and BOP did not seem to influence the change of PPD and PAL gain, or the stability of PAL gain (i.e. losing PAL or not) from 1 to 6,7 years from treatment. Conclusion: Clinical improvements achieved by GTR treatment of intrabony defects by means of bioresorbable membranes can be maintained on a long-term basis. [source]

Association between level of education and oral health status in 35-, 50-, 65- and 75-year-olds

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2003
J. Paulander
Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between educational level and dental disease, treatment needs and oral hygiene habits. Material and methods: Randomized samples of 35-, 50-, 65- and 75-year-olds, classified according to the educational level: [low (LE): elementary school or higher (HE)], were identified. In 1091 subjects, a number of characteristics such as (i) number of teeth, (ii) periodontal attachment levels (PAL), (iii) caries and (iv) occlusal function were recorded. Educational level, oral hygiene and dietary habits were self-reported. Non-parametric variables were analyzed by ,2, Mann,Whitney U,Wilcoxon's rank sum tests, and parametric variables by Student's t -test (level of significance 95%). A two-way anova was performed on decayed, missing and filled surfaces to investigate the interaction between age and educational level. All statistical procedures were performed in the SPSS© statistical package. Results: The number of remaining teeth was similar for LE and HE in the 35-year olds (25.8 versus 26.6), but in the older age groups LE had significantly a larger number of missing teeth. The LE groups (except in 65-year olds) exhibited significantly more PAL loss. LE had significantly fewer healthy gingival units in all but the 75-year age group. In all age groups, LE had fewer intact tooth surfaces and a significantly poorer occlusal function. The frequency of tooth cleaning measures and dietary habits did not differ between LE and HE. Conclusion: Educational level was shown to influence the oral conditions and should be considered in assessing risk, and in planning appropriate preventive measures. Zusammenfassung Ziel: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Evaluation der Verbindung zwischen Bildungsniveau und Erkrankungen der Zähne, Behandlungsnotwendigkeit und oralen Hygienegewohnheiten. Material und Methoden: Randomisierte Gruppen von 35-, 50-, 65- und 75-Jährigen, die entsprechend ihres Bildungsniveau: niedriges Niveau (LE): Grundschule oder höheres Niveau (HE) klassifiziert wurden, wurden gebildet. Bei 1091 Personen wurden eine Anzahl von Charakteristika aufgezeichnet: (i) Anzahl der Zähne, (ii) parodontales Stützgewebeniveau (PAL), (iii) Karies, (iv) okklusale Funktion. Bildungsniveau, orale Hygiene und Eßgewohnheiten wurden selbst erfasst. Parameterfreie Variable wurden mit dem Chi-Quadrat test, dem Mann,Whitney U,Wilcoxon Rangsummentest und die parametergebundenen Variablen mit dem Student t -test (Signifikanz-Niveau 95 %) analysiert. Die Zwei-Wege ANOVA wurde auf dem DMF-s durchgeführt, um die Beziehung zwischen Alter und Bildungsniveau zu untersuchen. Alle statistischen Berechnungen wurden mit dem SPSS Statistik Programm vorgenommen. Ergebnisse: Die Anzahl der verbliebenen Zähne war zwischen LE und HE ähnlich bei den 35-Jährigen (25.8 vs. 26.6), aber in den älteren LE-Gruppen waren signifikant höhere Zahlen für fehlende Zähne. Die LE-Gruppen (ohne die 65-Jährigen) zeigten signifikant größeren PAL Verlust. LE hatten signifikant weniger gingivale Gesundheit bei den 75-Jährigen. In allen Altersgruppen hatten die LE weniger intakte Zahnoberflächen und signifikant geringere okklusale Funktion. Die Häufigkeit der Zahnreinigung und die Eßgewohnheiten unterschieden sich zwischen LE und HE nicht. Schlussfolgerung: Das Bildungsniveau hat einen Einfluss auf die oralen Bedingungen und sollte bei der Erfassung des Risikos und bei der Planung geeigneter Präventionsmaßnahmen beachtet werden. Résumé But: Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer l'association entre niveau d'éducation et maladie dentaire, besoins de traitement et habitudes d'hygiène orale. Matériel et méthodes: Des échantillons randomisés de sujets âgés de 35-, 50-, 65- et 75 ans, classés selon leur niveau d'éducation: [Bas (LE): école élémentaire, ou élevé (HE)] furent identifiés. Chez 1091 sujets, on a enregistré les caractéristiques suivantes: (i) nombre de dents, (ii) niveau d'attache parodontal (PAL), (iii) caries et (iv) fonction occlusale. Le niveau d'éducation, l'hygiène orale, et les habitudes alimentaires étaient rapportés par les patients eux-même. Les variables non paramétriques furent analysées par les tests chi carré, Mann,Whitney U,Wilcoxon rank sum, et les variables paramétriques par le test t de Student (niveau de signification 95%). 2-way ANOVA fut réalisé sur le DMFS pour rechercher l'interaction entre l'âge et le niveau d'éducation. Toutes les opérations statistiques furent menées par utilisation de SPSS©. Résultats: le nombre de dents restantesétait semblable pour LE et HE chez les sujets de 35 ans (25.8 vs. 26.6), mais dans les groupes plus âgés, LE présentait un nombre significativement plus important de dents absentes. Le groupe LE (sauf chez les patients de 65 ans) présentait plus de perte de PAL. LE présentait moins d'unités gingivales saines sauf dans le groupe de patients âgés de 75 ans. Dans tous les groupes d'âge, LE avait moins de surfaces dentaires intactes et une fonction occlusale significativement plus faible. La fréquence des mesures de nettoyage dentaire et les habitudes alimentaires n'étaient pas différentes entre les groupes LE et HE. Conclusion: Il est montré que le niveau d'éducation influence les conditions orales et cela doit être pris en considération lors de la mise en évidence du risque et dans la planification de mesures de prévention appropriées. [source]

Efficacy of plaque removal and learning effect of a powered and a manual toothbrush

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2003
D. Lazarescu
Abstract Background: Subjects with high plaque and gingivitis scores can profit most from the introduction of new manual or powered tooth brushes. To improve their hygiene, not only the technical characteristics of new brushes but also the learning effect in efficient handling are of importance. Aim: The present study compared the efficacy in plaque removal of an electric and a manual toothbrush in a general population and analysed the learning effect in efficient handling. Method: Eighty healthy subjects, unfamiliar with electric brushes, were divided into two groups: group 1 used the Philips/Jordan HP 735 powered brush and group 2 used a manual brush, Oral-B40+. Plaque index (PI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were assessed at baseline and at weeks 3, 6, 12 and 18. After each evaluation, patients abstained from oral hygiene for 24 h. The next day a 3-min supervised brushing was perfomed. Before and after this brushing, PI was assessed for the estimation of the individual learning effect. The study was single blinded. Results: Over the 18-week period, PI reduced gradually and statistically significantly (p<0.001) in group 1 from 2.9 (±0.38) to 1.5 (±0.24) and in group 2 from 2.9 (±0.34) to 2.2 (±0.23). From week 3 onwards, the difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). The bleeding index decreased in group 1 from 28% (±17%) to 7% (±5%) (p<0.001) and in group 2 from 30% (±12%) to 12% (±6%) (p<0.001). The difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001) from week 6 onwards. The learning effect, expressed as the percentage of plaque reduction after 3 min of supervised brushing, was 33% for group 1 and 26% for group 2 at week 0. This percentage increased at week 18 to 64% in group 1 and 44% in group 2 (difference between groups statistically significant: p<0.001). Conclusion: The powered brush was significantly more efficient in removing plaque and improving gingival health than the manual brush in the group of subjects unfamiliar with electric brushes. There was also a significant learning effect that was more pronounced with the electric toothbrush. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Personen mit einem hohen Plaque- und Gingivitisindex können am meisten von der Einführung einer neuen Hand- oder elektrischen Zahnbürste profitieren. Um ihre Hygiene zu verbessern, sind nicht nur die technischen Charakteristika der neuen Bürste von Wichtigkeit, sondern auch der Lerneffekt für das effiziente Nutzen. Ziel: Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht die Effektivität bei der Plaqueentfernung bei einer elektrischen und einer Handzahnbürste in einer allgemeinen Bevölkerung und analysiert den Lerneffekt bei der effektiven Benutzung. Methoden: 80 gesunde Personen, die nicht an elektrische Zahnbürsten gewöhnt waren, wurden in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt: Gruppe 1 nutzte die Philips/Jordan HP 735 elektrische Bürste und die Gruppe 2 eine Handbürste, Oral-B40+. Der Plaqueindex (PI) und der gingivale Blutungsindex (GBI) wurden zur Basis und zu den Wochen 3, 6, 12 und 18 gemessen. Nach jeder Evaluation enthielten sich die Patienten für 24 Stunden der oralen Hygiene. Am nächsten Tag wurde ein beaufsichtigtes Bürsten durchgeführt. Vor und nach diesem Bürsten wurde der Plaqueindex für die Einschätzung des individuellen Lerneffektes aufgezeichnet. Die Studie war einfach blind. Ergebnisse: Über die 18wöchige Periode reduzierte sich der PI graduell und statistisch signifikant (p<0,001) in der Gruppe 1 von 2.9 (±0.38) auf 1.5 (±0.24) und in der Gruppe 2 von 2.9 (±0.34) auf 2.2 (± 0.23). Von der Woche 3 aufwärts wurde die Differenz zwischen den beiden Gruppen signifikant (p<0.001). Der Blutungsindex verringerte sich in der Gruppe 1 von 28% (± 17%) auf 7% (±5%) (p<0.001) und in der Gruppe 2 von 30% (±12%) auf 12% (±6%) (p<0.001). Die Differenz zwischen den beiden Gruppen war statistisch signifikant (p<0.001) von der 6. Woche an. Der Lerneffekt, ausgedrückt durch den Prozentsatz der Plaquereduktion nach 3 Minuten beaufsichtigtem Putzen, war 33% bei der Gruppe 1 und 26% bei der Gruppe 2 zur Woche 0. Dieser Prozentsatz vergrößerte sich zur Woche 18 auf 64% in der Gruppe 1 und auf 44% in der Gruppe 2 (Differenzen zwischen den Gruppen statistisch signifikant: p<0.001). Schlussfolgerung: Die elektrische Zahnbürste war signifikant mehr effektiv in der Plaqueentfernung und Verbesserung der gingivalen Gesundheit als die Handbürste in dieser Gruppe von Personen, die nicht an elektrische Bürsten gewöhnt waren. Es gab auch einen signifikanten Lerneffekt, welcher bei der Nutzung der elektrischen Zahnbürste größer war. Résumé Contexte: Des sujets présentant des scores de plaque et de gingivite élevés peuvent bénéficier de façon importante de l'apparition de nouvelles brosses manuelles et électriques. Pour améliorer leur hygiène, les caractéristiques techniques, mais aussi les instructions pour une manipulation efficace sont des éléments importants. But: Cette étude compare l'efficacité d'élimination de la plaque d'une brosse à dent manuelle et électrique dans une population générale et analyse l'effet de l'apprentissage pour une manipulation efficace. Méthode: 80 sujets sains, pas habitués aux brosses électrique, ont été divisés en deux groupes : Le groupe 1 utilisa la brosse Philips/Jordan HP 735 électrique et le groupe 2, une brosse manuelle Oral-B40+. L'indice de plaque (PI) et l'indice de saignement gingival (GBI) furent enregistrés initialement et à 3, 6, 12 et 18 semaines. Après chaque évaluation, les patients arrêtaient l'hygiène buccale pendant 24 heures. Le jour suivant, un brossage surveillé de 3 minutes était réalisé. Avant et après ce brossage, l'indice de plaque était relevé en vue de l'estimation de l'effet de l'apprentissage. L'étude était en aveugle simple. Résultats: Pendant la période de 18 semaines, le PI diminuait graduellement et de façon statistiquement significative (p<0.001) dans le groupe 1, de 2.9 (±0.38) à 1.5 (±0.24) et dans le groupe 2 de 2.9 (±0.34) à 2.2 (±0.23). A partir de la troisième semaine, la différence était déjà significative (p<0.001). L'indice de saignement diminuait dans le groupe 1 de 28% (±17%) à 7% (±5%) (p<0.001) et dans le groupe 2, de 30% (±12%) à 12% (±6%) (p<0.001). La différence entre les groupes était statistiquement significative à partir de la sixième semaine. L'effet de l'apprentissage, exprimé en pourcentage de la réduction de plaque après un brossage de 3 minutes surveillé fut de 33% pour le groupe 1 et de 26 % pour le groupe 2 initialement et augmentait lors de la semaine 18 jusqu'à 64% dans le groupe 1 et 44% dans le groupe 2 (différence entre les groupes significative: p<0.001). [source]

Antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a hexetidine mouthwash

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2003
N. C. Sharma
Abstract Objective: To assess the antiplaque/antigingivitis efficacy of a hexetidine-containing mouthwash. Methods: This examiner-blind, parallel group, controlled clinical study examined the effectiveness of a hexetidine (0.1%) mouthwash both in inhibiting the development of supragingival plaque and in reducing gingivitis. One hundred and thirty-four adult subjects completed the 2-week experimental gingivitis model study. Following baseline examinations, which included plaque index, modified gingival index and gingival bleeding index, subjects received a full dental prophylaxis. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three mouthwashes (hexetidine 0.1%, chlorhexidine 0.12% (positive control) or a 5% hydroalcohol negative control) and commenced three times daily supervised rinsing as their sole method of oral hygiene. All indices were rescored after 2 weeks. Results: Compared to the negative control group, the hexetidine group demonstrated a statistically significant inhibition and reduction of supragingival plaque and gingival inflammation with reductions of 6.3%, 33.5% and 56% for gingivitis, plaque and gingival bleeding, respectively. The results of the chlorhexidine group were used to validate the study. Conclusion: The study confirms the efficacy of a hexetidine rinse in reducing supragingival plaque and gingival inflammation. Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung: Untersuchung der Antiplaque- und Antigingivitiseffektivität einer Hexetidin-Mundspüllösung. Methoden: Diese kontrollierte klinische Studie mit verblindetem Untersucher im Parallelarm-Design untersuchte die Effektivität einer Hexitidin-Mundspüllösung (0,1%) sowohl für die Hemmung supragingivaler Plaquebildung als auch zur Reduktion der Gingivitis. 134 erwachsene Probanden beendeten die 2 Wochen dauernde Studie mit experimenteller Gingivitis. Nach der Erstuntersuchung, die die Erhebung des Plaque Index, des Modifizierten Gingival Index und des Gingivalen Blutungs Index umfasste, erhielten die Probanden eine professionelle Zahnreinigung. Den Probanden wurden randomisiert 3 Spüllösungen zugewiesen (Hexitidin 0,1%, Chlorhexidin 0,12% [positive Kontrolle] oder ein 5%iger Hydroalkohol [negative Kontrolle]) und begannen damit als alleinige Mundhygienemaßnahme 3 mal täglich unter Aufsicht zu spülen. Nach 2 Wochen wurden die Indizes erneut erhoben. Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zur negativen Kontrolle zeigte die Hexitidin-Gruppe eine statistisch signifikante Hemmung und Reduktion der supragingivalen Plaque und gingivalen Entzündung mit Reduktionen von 6,3%, 33,5% bzw. 56% für Gingivitis, Plaque bzw. gingivale Blutung. Die Ergebnisse der Chlorhexidin-Gruppe dienten zur Validierung der Studie. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Studie bestätigt die Wirksamkeit von Hexitidin zur Reduktion supragingivaler Plaque und gingivaler Entzündung. Résumé Cette étude clinique contrôlée par groupe parallèle avec examinateur aveugle a estimé l'efficacité d'un bain de bouche à 0,1% d'héxatidine tant à inhiber le développement de la plaque sus-gingivale qu'à réduire la gingivite. Cent trente-quatre adultes ont achevé un gingivite expérimentale de deux semaines. A la suite de l'examen de base comprenant l'indice de plaque, l'indice gingival modifié et l'indice de saignement gingival, les sujets ont reçu une prophylaxie dentaire complète. Ils ont ensuite été répartis de manière randomisée pour utiliser un des trois bains de bouche suivants : héxatidine 0,1%, chlorhexidine 0,12% (contrôle positif) ou l'hydroalcool 5% (contrôle négatif), et ont commencé a effectuer un rinçage supervisé trois fois par jour comme unique méthode d'hygiène buccale. Tous les indices ont été relevés après deux semaines. Comparé au groupe négatif le groupe héxatidine montrait une inhibition et une réduction significatives de la plaque sus-gingivale et de l'inflammation gingivale avec des réductions respectives de 6,3, 33,5 et 56% pour la gingivite, la plaque dentaire et le saignement gingival. Les résultats du groupe chlorhexidine ont été utilisés pour valider cette étude. Celle-ci confirme l'efficacité de l'héxatidine à réduire la plaque dentaire sus-gingivale et l'inflammation gingivale. [source]