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Oral Glucose Tolerance (oral + glucose_tolerance)
Terms modified by Oral Glucose Tolerance Selected AbstractsInsulin resistance is not coupled with defective insulin secretion in primary hyperparathyroidismDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 10 2009F. Tassone Abstract Aims, An increased frequency of both impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), thus we sought to investigate insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in a large series of pHPT patients. Subjects and methods, One hundred and twenty-two consecutive pHPT patients without known DM were investigated [age (mean ± sd) 59.3 ± 13.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 25.7 ± 4.2 kg/m2; serum calcium 2.8 ± 0.25 mmol/l; PTH 203.2 ± 145.4 ng/l]. Sixty-one control subjects were matched, according to the degree of glucose tolerance, in a 2 : 1 patient:control ratio. Fasting- and oral glucose tolerance test-derived estimates of insulin sensitivity and secretion were determined by means of the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) composite. Results, Both the QUICKI and ISI composite were lower in pHPT patients than control subjects (P < 0.03 and P < 0.05, respectively) after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure and BMI. Conversely, all insulin secretion estimates were significantly increased in pHPT patients than in control subjects (P < 0.04 and P < 0.03, respectively) and after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure and BMI. Log serum calcium levels were negatively associated with the QUICKI and log ISI composite (R = ,0.30, P = 0.001; R = ,0.23, P = 0.020, respectively) in pHPT patients. Serum calcium levels significantly and independently contributed to impaired insulin sensitivity in multivariate analysis (QUICKI as dependent variable: , = ,0.31, P = 0.004, R2 = 0.15; log ISI composite as dependent variable: , = ,0.29, P = 0.005, R2 = 0.16). Conclusions, Our study confirms a reduction in both basal and stimulated insulin sensitivity in primary hyperparathyroidism, in spite of increased insulin secretion. Moreover, our data show for the first time a significant relationship between hypercalcaemia and insulin sensitivity in this condition. [source] Effects of insulin-mimetic vanadyl-poly(,-glutamic acid) complex on diabetic rat modelJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 7 2010Rongzhang Hu Abstract Poly-,-glutamic acid (,-PGA) prepared by fermentation of microbe was used as drug carrier for vanadium sulfate to obtain vanadyl-poly-,-glutamic acid (VO-,-PGA) complex. The FI-IR spectrum of the complex demonstrated that the expected VO-,-PGA complex is formed by the coordination of VO2+ through the side chain carboxylic groups of the ,-PGA. Studies of the complex in treating type I diabetes were carried out on alloxan induced diabetes rats. The results of treating the rats in 2 weeks and then stopping administration for 10 days showed that VO-,-PGA can effectively lower blood glucose levels of diabetic rats during administration. But after ceasing treatment there were no differences between groups in blood glucose level and water intake. The results of oral glucose tolerance and some serum parameters also demonstrated that VO-,-PGA was more effective than vanadium sulfate in treating diabetic rats. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:3041,3047, 2010 [source] Pioglitazone in the treatment of NASH: the role of adiponectinALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 6 2010A. Gastaldelli Summary Background, Plasma adiponectin is decreased in NASH patients and the mechanism(s) for histological improvement during thiazolidinedione treatment remain(s) poorly understood. Aim, To evaluate the relationship between changes in plasma adiponectin following pioglitazone treatment and metabolic/histological improvement. Methods, We measured in 47 NASH patients and 20 controls: (i) fasting glucose, insulin, FFA and adiponectin concentrations; (ii) hepatic fat content by magnetic resonance spectroscopy; and (iii) peripheral/hepatic insulin sensitivity (by double-tracer oral glucose tolerance test). Patients were then treated with pioglitazone (45 mg/day) or placebo and all measurements were repeated after 6 months. Results, Patients with NASH had decreased plasma adiponectin levels independent of the presence of obesity. Pioglitazone increased 2.3-fold plasma adiponectin and improved insulin resistance, glucose tolerance and glucose clearance, steatosis and necroinflammation (all P < 0.01,0.001 vs. placebo). In the pioglitazone group, plasma adiponectin was significantly associated (r = 0.52, P = 0.0001) with hepatic insulin sensitivity and with the change in both variables (r = 0.44, P = 0.03). Increase in adiponectin concentration was related also to histological improvement, in particular, to hepatic steatosis (r = ,0.46, P = 0006) and necroinflammation (r = ,0.56, P < 0.0001) but importantly also to fibrosis (r = ,0.29, P = 0.03). Conclusions, Adiponectin exerts an important metabolic role at the level of the liver, and its increase during pioglitazone treatment is critical to reverse insulin resistance and improve liver histology in NASH patients. [source] Diabetes, pre-diabetes and associated risks on Minnesota code-indicated major electrocardiogram abnormality among Chinese: a cross-sectional diabetic study in Fujian province, southeast ChinaOBESITY REVIEWS, Issue 4 2009L. Lin Summary The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and related metabolic disorders (overweight, obesity and hypertension) in a Chinese population (20,74 years old). An additional goal was to investigate the relationship between glucose metabolism and the Minnesota code-indicated major abnormal electrocardiogram (MA-ECG). There were 3960 individuals selected from urban and rural areas of Fujian, China from July 2007 to May 2008 by multistage-stratified sampling. Ultimately, data from 3208 subjects (20,74 years old) were analysed (including physical measurements, blood biochemical analysis, oral glucose tolerance test and 12-lead resting ECG). According to World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, the prevalence rates of DM and IGR were 9.51% (male, 10.08%; female, 9.14%) and 14.40% (male, 14.48%; female, 14.35%) respectively. Newly diagnosed DM was found in 53.44% of the diabetic subjects. Based on the 2000 China census, the age-standardized prevalence rates of DM and IGR were 7.19% (male, 7.74%; female, 6.61%) and 11.96 % (male, 12.35%; female, 11.56%) respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rates of DM and IGR in urban areas (7.74% and 12.97% respectively) were slightly but no significantly higher than in rural areas (6.67%, 10.86%). The prevalence rates of overweight, obesity and hypertension were 25.50%, 3.52% and 28.52% respectively (age- and sex- standardized rates: 23.69%, 3.02 % and 22.45 %). After adjusting for other confounding risk factors, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that DM and impaired glucose tolerance were independent risk factors for MA-ECG. Non-diabetic subjects with increased 30-min plasma glucose (PG) after an oral glucose load had a higher risk of MA-ECG after adjusting for other risk factors, especially in those with normal glucose tolerance but with 30-min PG , 7.8 mmol L,1 (odds ratio = 1.371 [1.055,1.780]). The prevalence rates of DM and IGR as well as other metabolic disorders have increased dramatically in the last decade in China, especially in rural areas, with many undiagnosed cases of DM. Even slightly elevated PG levels may predict early cardiovascular events. [source] Prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Indigenous Australian youthsOBESITY REVIEWS, Issue 3 2009P. C. Valery Summary We conducted a cross-sectional study of Indigenous youths residing in the Torres Strait region of Australia to assess the prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Data on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, presence of acanthosis nigricans and blood glucose were collected. Fasting glucose, insulin, C-Peptide, HbA1c and lipids were measured, and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed in those with a BMI greater than 25 (childhood-equivalent cut-points) or fasting glucometer reading >5.5 mmol/L. Of 158 youths, 31% were overweight and 15% were obese, 38% had enlarged waist circumference consistent with central obesity, 43% had acanthosis nigricans and 27% were hypertensive. More females than males had enlarged waist circumferences (59% vs. 13%, P < 0.001). Among overweight or obese youth, 56% had significantly elevated insulin (P = 0.021); they also had higher HOMA-IR (P = 0.002). The metabolic syndrome was present in 17% of all youths (mostly females) and in 33% of the overweight or obese subgroup. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed in two youths. These very high proportions of overweight or obese Torres Strait youth with metabolic risk factors have major public health implications. [source] Fasting concentrations of nesfatin-1 are negatively correlated with body mass index in non-obese malesCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Takafumi Tsuchiya Summary Background, We recently identified a novel anorexigenic protein, nesfatin-1, which is processed from nesfatin/nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2). However, the clinical importance of this protein has not been determined. Objective, To investigate its clinical significance in humans, we have established a new specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human nesfatin-1 in peripheral blood and measured its circulating concentration in healthy subjects. Design, The new sandwich-type ELISA method was validated and then used to measure nesfatin-1 levels in plasma samples, under overnight fasting conditions, followed by oral glucose tolerance and meal tests. Patients and measurements, A total of 43 nonobese males (age: 24·5 ± 0·6 , body mass index (BMI); 21·1 ± 0·3 kg/m2) were recruited to the study for evaluating fasting concentrations of nesfatin-1. In those, fifteen subjects underwent a 75- g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and another 15 underwent a meal test. In addition, fasting concentrations of nesfatin-1 were measured in nine males with high BMI (age: 32·4 ± 3·7 , BMI; 37·3 ± 3·8 kg/m2). Results, Peripheral concentrations of nesfatin-1 showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, percentage body fat, body fat weight and blood glucose (P < 0·05). Nesfatin-1 concentrations were not significantly changed during OGTT and meal tests. Fasting nesfatin-1 levels were significantly lower in subjects with high BMI compared to nonobese subjects (P < 0·05). Conclusions, A new specific and sensitive ELISA for nesfatin-1 was established. Further accumulation of clinical observations is necessary to clarify the role of circulating nesfatin-1 in various metabolic disorders. [source] | ||||||||||