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Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (oral + cavity_squamous_cell_carcinoma)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Head and neck cancer in the betel quid chewing area: recent advances in molecular carcinogenesis

CANCER SCIENCE, Issue 8 2008
Yin-Ju Chen
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the 10 most frequent cancers worldwide, with an estimated over 500 000 new cases being diagnosed annually. The overall 5-year survival rate in patients with HNC is one of the lowest among common malignant neoplasms and has not significantly changed during the last two decades. Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shares part of HNC and has been reported to be increasing in the betel quid chewing area in recent years. During 2006, OSCC has become the sixth most common type of cancer in Taiwan, and it is also the fourth most common type of cancer among men. It follows that this type of cancer wreaks a high social and personal cost. Environmental carcinogens such as betel quid chewing, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking have been identified as major risk factors for head and neck cancer. There is growing interest in understanding the relationship between genetic susceptibility and the prevalent environmental carcinogens for HNC prevention. Within this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular aspects of HNC carcinogenesis in Taiwan, an endemic betel quid chewing area. Knowledge of molecular carcinogenesis of HNC may provide critical clues for diagnosis, prognosis, individualization of therapy and molecular therapeutics. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1507,1514) [source]

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas in young patients in a selected Malaysian centre

ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Hafeza AHMAD
Abstract Aim: This study aims to evaluate the demographics, to analyze the clinical and pathological findings, treatment and the outcome of oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in patients aged 40-years old and below in our centre. Methods: Records of patients who were diagnosed with OSCC in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, from 1998 to 2003 were analyzed. Their socioeconomic data such as their age, gender and race, risk factors, family history and genetic predisposition were assessed. Other data examined included the sites and stage of the tumor, histopathology results, treatment modality and outcome of OSCC. Results: There were 19 patients with no gender predilection. Malays made up most patients diagnosed with OSCC, followed by Chinese and Indians. There was no significant high-risk habit in this group. Most of the sites involved were the tongue (73.7%), buccal mucosa (15.8%) and alveolus (10.5%). Most of the patients (57.9%) were diagnosed with stage IV disease. Eighteen patients underwent treatment consisting of surgery or radiotherapy or in combination. A 5-year follow up revealed that nine patients (47.3%) survived and remain well, four patients (21.1%) had a recurrence, two patients (10.5%) died of the disease. Conclusion: The majority of patients presented with stage IV disease without any significant high-risk habit. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, however, 5-year follow-up showed a less than 50% survival rate. [source]

Impact of nodal ratio on survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 9 2009
Mark G. Shrime MD
Abstract Background The association between nodal ratio and survival has not been assessed in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Methods This is a population-based analysis, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results database, to determine whether nodal ratio impacts survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Results Between 1988 and 2005, 2955 new diagnoses of N1 or N2 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were identified. The mean nodal ratio was 16.9%. Nodal ratio was found to be strongly statistically associated with overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Patients could be stratified into low- (0% to 6%), moderate- (6% to 12.5%), and high-risk (>12.5%) groups based on nodal ratio. Conclusions In patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, an increased nodal ratio is a strong predictor of decreased survival. Risk of death can be stratified based on nodal ratio. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009 [source]

Lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node mapping using a hybrid single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT system in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 10 2006
Avi Khafif MD
Abstract Background. We assessed the added clinical value of fused single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and low-dose CT images compared with planar images for sentinel node (SN) mapping in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods. Twenty consecutive patients with newly diagnosed biopsy-proven SCC of the oral cavity were enrolled. Scintigraphy was performed using a hybrid gamma-camera/low-dose CT system. Planar images and fused SPECT/CT images were interpreted separately. All patients underwent a sentinel node biopsy (SNB) followed by a neck dissection. All SNs underwent meticulous pathologic examination and immunohistochemistry staining (cytokeratin complex) in addition to routine pathologic examinations of the neck dissection specimen. Results. The sensitivity for the detection of nodal metastases was 87.5%. SPECT/CT improved SN identification and/or localization compared with planar images in 6 patients (30%). Conclusions. SPECT/CT SN mapping provides additional preoperative data of clinical relevance to SNB in patients with oral cavity SCC. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006 [source]

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: A Rational Approach for Staging T2N0 Oral Cancer,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 12 2005
Nestor Rigual MD
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: For oral cancer patients, the presence of neck nodal metastases is the most important disease prognosticator. However, a significant proportion of clinically N0 patients harbor occult microscopic nodal metastasis. Our objective was to determine the feasibility and accuracy of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in the staging of T2N0 oral carcinoma patients. Study Design: Prospective analysis. Methods: Twenty patients with previously untreated N0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma were studied. Each patient had an SNB performed using preoperative technetium sulfur colloid lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative gamma probe guidance, and intraoperative peritumoral injection of 1% isosulfan blue. All patients underwent neck dissection. The sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were sectioned in 2- to 3-mm intervals, formalin fixed, and sectioned at three levels. The non-SLNs were sectioned in a routine manner for histologic examination. Results: SLNs were identified in all patients (100%) and accurately predicted the pathologic nodal status in 18 of 20 patients (90%). Tumor was found exclusively in the SLNs in six patients (30%). Two patients had positive SLNs at multiple neck levels. Two patients had a negative SLN and a positive non-SLN (false-negative findings). Occult nodal metastases were present in 60% of the cohort. Conclusions: SNB is a technically feasible and accurate procedure for staging the neck in oral carcinoma patients. However, SNB accuracy is lower for floor of the mouth lesions. The rate of occult nodal metastases identified in this cohort is higher than previously reported in the literature. These results suggest that SNB warrants further multi-institutional studies. [source]

Salvage therapy in relapsed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: How and when?

CANCER, Issue 1 2008
Chun-Ta Liao MD
Abstract BACKGROUND. Relapse of tumors in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, salvage therapy may be a significant source of morbidity in patients with relapsing OSCC. The objective of the current study was to determine prognostic factors that predict which patients may benefit from such treatment. METHODS. From 953 patients who underwent primary radical surgery between 1996 and 2005, 272 patients with early-relapsed OSCC (n = 161) or late-relapsed OSCC (n = 111) were identified. The optimum cutoff point for relapse was chosen on the basis of 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS. The optimal cutoff value for relapse was 10 months. Late relapses were associated with a better prognosis than relapses that occurred within the first 10 months (P < .0001 for both 5-year DSS and 5-year OS). Among patients with early-relapsed OSCC, a primary tumor depth <10 mm was associated significantly and independently with a better 5-year DSS (P = .014) and OS (P = .011). Among patients with late-relapsed OSCC, neck recurrence was a significant risk factor for adverse outcomes (P < .001 for both 5-year DSS and 5-year OS). CONCLUSIONS. A late relapse was associated with better survival than a relapse that occurred within the first 10 months. Patients with late-relapsed OSCC may benefit from salvage therapy, especially those who have a local recurrence. Among patients with early-relapsed OSCC, salvage therapy should be considered for those who have a primary tumor depth <10 mm. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society. [source]

Analysis of risk factors for distant metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

CANCER, Issue 7 2007
Chun-Ta Liao MD
Abstract BACKGROUND. The number of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing. Because the characteristics of patients with OSCC who develop distant metastases (DM) remain uncertain, the authors analyzed potential risk factors. METHODS. For this report, the authors retrospectively reviewed data from 889 consecutive patients with OSCC who underwent radical surgery from January 1996 to November 2004. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they had either achieved locoregional control (Group A; n = 678 patients) or developed a locoregional recurrence (Group B; n = 211 patients). Cox proportional-hazards models were used to identify independent predictors of the 5-year DM rate. RESULTS. In the entire study cohort, the 5-year DM rate was 9.6% (6.6% for Group A and 21.4% for Group B). In Group A, the number of positive lymph nodes (,5; P = .009) and the presence of extracapsular spread (ECS) (P < .001) were independent risk factors for DM. In Group B, the presence of ECS (P = .008), poor differentiation (P = .040), pathological stage ,III (P = .036), and the presence of neck recurrence (P = .001) were independent prognosticators. CONCLUSIONS. The current results indicated that different risk factor categories according to locoregional control may be used to facilitate the selection of appropriate management for patients with OSCC after they undergo radical surgery. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society. [source]

Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus in Malignant Laryngeal Lesions,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 2 2000
Anna M. Pou MD
Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in malignant laryngeal lesions. Study Design: Retrospective review. Materials and Methods: Paraffin-embedded, histologically confirmed specimens containing benign laryngeal lesions, squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were identified from archived surgical specimens. Biopsies of normal-appearing oral cavity tissue were also obtained from fresh-frozen cadavers. These tissues were analyzed for the presence of HSV DNA using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Patient charts were reviewed for patient demographics, risk factors, stage, clinical course, treatment, and outcome. Results: HSV was detected in nine laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (75%) and in none of the benign laryngeal lesions (P = .0001). HSV was also found in three oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (25%) and in none of the controls (P = .049). Conclusion: HSV is more prevalent in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and oral cavity than in their respective control groups, suggesting a role for carcinogenesis. HSV is more prevalent in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx than of the oral cavity. Further studies to determine the role of HSV as a cocarcinogen and its interrelationship with other environmental factors in laryngeal cancer are warranted. [source]