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Oral Activity (oral + activity)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

The "smellscape" of mother's breast: Effects of odor masking and selective unmasking on neonatal arousal, oral, and visual responses

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
Sébastien Doucet
Abstract Lactating women emit odor cues that release activity in newborns. Such cues may be carried in various substrates, including milk or areolar secretions. The present study aimed to examine the responses of infants facing their mother's breast and to sort out the source(s) of active volatile compounds emitted by the lactating breast. Infants (aged 3,4 days) were presented their mother's breast in two consecutive trials of 90 s each: a scentless condition (breast entirely covered with a transparent film) paired with one of four odorous conditions (fully exposed breast: n,=,15; nipple only exposed: 15; areola only exposed: 13; and milk exposed: 12). The infants were more orally activated when facing any of the odorous breast conditions than when facing the scentless breast. They cried earlier and longer, and opened their eyes less, when facing the scentless breast. Nipple, Areola, and Milk odors appeared to be equivalent to the whole breast odor in stimulating oral activity and in delaying crying onset. This study shows that volatile compounds originating in areolar secretions or milk release mouthing, stimulate eye opening, and delay and reduce crying in newborns. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 129,138, 2007. [source]

Improvement in orofacial granulomatosis on a cinnamon- and benzoate-free diet

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 6 2006
Allison White RD
Abstract Background: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a chronic inflammatory disorder presenting characteristically with lip swelling but also affecting gingivae, buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, and a number of other sites in the oral cavity. Although the cause remains unknown, there is evidence for involvement of a dietary allergen. Patch testing has related responses to cinnamon and benzoate to the symptoms of OFG, with improvement obtained through exclusion diets. However, an objective assessment of the effect of a cinnamon- and benzoate-free diet (CB-free diet) as primary treatment for OFG has not previously been performed. Thus, this study was undertaken to investigate the benefits of a CB-free diet as first-line treatment of patients with OFG. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients with a confirmed diagnosis of OFG were identified from a combined oral medicine/gastroenterology clinic. All had received a CB-free diet as primary treatment for a period of 8 weeks. Each patient underwent a standardized assessment of the oral cavity to characterize the number of sites affected and the type of inflammation involved before and after diet. Results: There was a significant improvement in oral inflammation in patients on the diet after 8 weeks. Both global oral and lip inflammatory scores improved (P < 0.001), and there was significant improvement in both lip and oral site and activity involvement. However, improvement in lip activity was less marked than oral activity. Response to a CB-free diet did not appear to be site specific. A history of OFG-associated gut involvement did not predict a response to the diet. Conclusions: The impact of dietary manipulation in patients with OFG can be significant, particularly with regard to oral inflammation. With the disease most prevalent in the younger population, a CB-free diet can be recommended as primary treatment. Subsequent topical or systemic immunomodulatory therapy may then be avoided or used as second line. [source]

Metabolites of an orally active antimicrobial prodrug, 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan-bis- O -methylamidoxime, identified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (INCORP BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY), Issue 4 2004
Lian Zhou
Abstract DB75 (2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan) is a promising antimicrobial agent against African trypanosomiasis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. However, it suffers from poor oral activity in rodent models for both infections. In contrast, a novel prodrug of DB75, 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan-bis- O -methylamidoxime (DB289), has excellent oral activity. DB289 is currently undergoing clinical investigation as a candidate drug to treat primary stage African trypanosomiasis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. In this study, metabolites of DB289 formed after incubation with freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were characterized using liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. Administration of DB289 and octadeuterated DB289 in a 1 : 1 mixture greatly facilitated metabolite identification by providing isotope patterns with twin ions separated by 8 m/z units in the ratio 1 : 1, in the extracted ion chromatograms of molecular ions and in the product ion mass spectra of metabolites. Ten metabolites were identified. Series of O -demethylations and N -dehydroxylations led to the metabolic activation of DB289 to DB75 with the production of four intermediate phase I metabolites. Phase II glucuronidation and sulfation led to the formation of four glucuronide and one sulfate metabolites. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Effect of weaning on behavior and serum parameters in dairy goat kids

ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2008
Cengiz ATASOGLU
ABSTRACT This study aimed at investigating the effects of weaning kids abruptly at an average of 55 ± 13 days of age on intake, behavioral and serum parameters and, lasted for a total of six weeks; two weeks pre-weaning and four weeks post-weaning. Sixteen single kids with equal gender were used. Kids were only allowed to stay with their mothers for suckling (45 min/period) both in the morning and in the evening period during pre-weaning. Grower concentrate and hay were offered ad libitum. The duration of the study was divided into three periods for the sampling of behavioral and serum parameters; (i) pre-weaning period lasting for two weeks (P-BW) (ii) early post-weaning period lasting for one week (P-AW1) and (iii) late post-weaning period lasting for three weeks (P-AW2). Daily weight gain of kids gradually decreased as the observation period progressed (P = 0.001). However concentrate feed intake increased from 0.154 kg/day in P-BW to 0.479 kg/day in P-AW1 and 0.499 kg/day in P-AW2. Water intake, rumination and standing behaviors decreased in P-AW2 (P < 0.001), whereas activity towards concentrate feed (CF) (P < 0.001) and roughage (P = 0.012) increased as compared to P-BW and P-AW1. Abnormal oral activity was not affected by the periods (P = 0.906). CF was significantly higher in females (P = 0.003), whereas males displayed higher lying behavior (P = 0.007). Glucose, total protein, urea, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.001) and ALP activity (P = 0.003) were significantly affected by the periods. The results of the present study suggest that behavioral and serum parameters across the periods describe changes in the nutritional conditions as a result of the transition from milk to solid feed in association with weaning. [source]

Bradyzide, a potent non-peptide B2 bradykinin receptor antagonist with long-lasting oral activity in animal models of inflammatory hyperalgesia

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 1 2000
Gillian M Burgess
Bradyzide is from a novel class of rodent-selective non-peptide B2 bradykinin antagonists (1-(2-Nitrophenyl)thiosemicarbazides). Bradyzide has high affinity for the rodent B2 receptor, displacing [3H]-bradykinin binding in NG108-15 cells and in Cos-7 cells expressing the rat receptor with KI values of 0.51±0.18 nM (n=3) and 0.89±0.27 nM (n=3), respectively. Bradyzide is a competitive antagonist, inhibiting B2 receptor-induced 45Ca efflux from NG108-15 cells with a pKB of 8.0±0.16 (n=5) and a Schild slope of 1.05. In the rat spinal cord and tail preparation, bradyzide inhibits bradykinin-induced ventral root depolarizations (IC50 value; 1.6±0.05 nM (n=3)). Bradyzide is much less potent at the human than at the rodent B2 receptor, displacing [3H]-bradykinin binding in human fibroblasts and in Cos-7 cells expressing the human B2 receptor with KI values of 393±90 nM (n=3) and 772±144 nM (n=3), respectively. Bradyzide inhibits bradykinin-induced [3H]-inositol trisphosphate (IP3) formation with IC50 values of 11.6±1.4 nM (n=3) at the rat and 2.4±0.3 ,M (n=3) at the human receptor. Bradyzide does not interact with a range of other receptors, including human and rat B1 bradykinin receptors. Bradyzide is orally available and blocks bradykinin-induced hypotension and plasma extravasation. Bradyzide shows long-lasting oral activity in rodent models of inflammatory hyperalgesia, reversing Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat knee joint (ED50, 0.84 ,mol kg,1; duration of action >4 h). It is equipotent with morphine and diclofenac, and 1000 times more potent than paracetamol, its maximal effect exceeding that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Bradyzide does not exhibit tolerance when administered over 6 days. In summary, bradyzide is a potent, orally active, antagonist of the B2 bradykinin receptor, with selectivity for the rodent over the human receptor. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 129, 77,86; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703012 [source]