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Arm Circumference (arm + circumference)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	71%

Kinds of Arm Circumference

mid-upper arm circumference

Selected Abstracts

Body size and shape and glycemic control among Maya women in rural Yucatán

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2003
Penelope A. Mclorg
Studies on relationships between aspects of physique and glucose physiology generally focus on clinical glucose tolerance or on fasting glucose or insulin assays showing glycemic status at the time of testing. Little work has examined the associations between body variables and glycemic control, or average past glucose levels in regular living conditions. The aim of this research was to investigate connections between body size and shape and glycemic control. The sample consists of 60 nondiabetic Maya women, ages 40,85 years, residing in 16 rural villages around Mérida, Yucatán. Body morphology was assessed through anthropometric and derived measures of size and shape, including indicators of fat distribution and general adiposity. Glycemic control was measured through microvenous samples analyzed for glycated blood proteins HbA1c and fructosamine to demonstrate average circulating glucose under customary living conditions during the previous several months and weeks. Four-variable regression models explain 17% of the variance in HbA1c and 25% of the variance in fructosamine. Arm circumference has the largest positive effect on HbA1c, while weight has the greatest positive impact on fructosamine. The predictor with the largest negative effect on both glycated blood proteins is calf circumference. In general, variables reflecting overall adiposity and central adiposity demonstrate positive associations with HbA1c and fructosamine, whereas lean body measures exhibit negative associations. Findings support the value of glycated blood proteins and of less common anthropometric measures, such as calf circumference, in population research on morphological relations with glycemia. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:746,757, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Dialysis adequacy and nutritional status of hemodialysis patients

HEMODIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2008
Fernanda TEIXEIRA NUNES
Abstract To characterize the nutritional status of renal failure patients and its relationship with hemodialysis adequacy measured by Kt/V, a study was carried out with a population of 44 adult patients with renal failure and mean age 51±15 years. Anthropometric data, such as dry weight, height, arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm muscle circumference, and body mass index were assessed, and biochemical tests were conducted for urea, potassium, creatinine, serum albumin, and phosphorus levels, in addition to hemogram and quarterly urea reduction rate average (Kt/V). In order to evaluate calorie intake, a dietary questionnaire on habitual daily food ingestion was administered, taking into consideration the hemodialysis date. The patients were divided into 2 separate groups for the statistical analysis, with 50% of the patients in each group: A (Kt/V<1.2) and B (Kt/V>1.2). The data were tabulated as mean and standard deviation, with differences tested by Student's t test. The correlations between variables were established by the coefficient p of Pearson. Most of the patients (43%) were considered eutrophic, based on the BMI, and presented inadequate calorie intake, corresponding to 88.5±24% (30.8 kcal/kg actual weight) of the total energy required and adequate protein intake, reaching 109.9±40% of the recommended daily allowance (1.24 g/kg of actual weight). There was a correlation of Kt/V with anthropometric parameters such as body mass index, arm circumference, and mid-arm muscle circumference. The biochemical parameters related to dialysis adequacy were albumin, ferritin, and urea (predialysis). Well-dialyzed patients presented better levels of serum albumin. There was an influence of gender and age on correlations of the analyzed variables. Female and younger patients presented better dialysis adequacy. The dialysis adequacy was related to the nutritional status and influenced by the protein intake and body composition. Gender and age had an important influence in the dialysis adequacy, as men presented lower dialysis adequacy and younger adults presented better dialysis adequacy. Further research is necessary to understand better how to facilitate effective and efficient techniques for the nutritional status assessment of hemodialysis patients. [source]

The efficacy of dietetic intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 4 2008
L. Bottle
Background:, Clinical trials have shown that pulmonary rehabilitation can improve the functional status and quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (Lacasse, 2006) but there is no research examining the efficacy of group dietetic intervention during standard 8 week rehabilitation courses. Current input is usually limited to a 1 h nutrition education session. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether patients receiving additional dietetic intervention during pulmonary rehabilitation significantly increased their general nutritional knowledge, thereby facilitating improvements in dietary intake and nutritional status. Methods:, Patients were recruited from two courses of pulmonary rehabilitation and randomly allocated to a control group or an intervention group. Anthropometry (height, weight, body mass index, mid arm circumference and triceps skinfold), 3 day food diaries and nutritional knowledge questionnaires covered guidelines, food groups, choosing healthy options and diet and COPD were completed at baseline and at the end of 8 weeks. In week 2 both groups received the same nutrition education session which covered healthy eating during periods of stability as well as advice on coping with loss of appetite and reduced intake during illness and exacerbations. The intervention group was followed up during weeks 4, 6 and 7 when further anthropometric measurements were taken and additional dietary advice was provided, which addressed issues raised by individual patients. Information from food diaries was converted to nutrients using Windiets dietary analysis software. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS (v14) and included Mann,Whitney U non parametric tests, paired t -tests and Spearman correlations used for comparisons over time and between groups. For analysis purposes patients were classified as normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW). Approval was obtained from the appropriate Ethics Committee. Results:, Changes reported were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Complete data sets were obtained for six control (NW = 2, OW = 4) and five intervention (NW = 1, OW = 4) patients. Nutritional knowledge increased in the control group by 5% compared to 3% in the intervention group. Control NW patients increased their energy intake resulting in a mean weight gain of 0.5 kg (SD 3.3). OW control group patients increased their energy intake by 12.4% (16.9) with a mean weight gain of 0.2 kg (2.5). All control patients increased their intake of in total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), sugars and sodium. Conversely there was a decrease in energy intake in the intervention group of 14.4% (17.8) and a mean weight loss of 1.5 kg (1.2) (three out of four overweight patients lost weight). Improvements in diet were shown with reduced intakes of total fat, SFA, sugars and sodium. The NW patient in the intervention group regained weight that had previously been lost. These changes did not correlate with changes in nutritional knowledge. Discussion:, An increase in nutritional knowledge was expected to facilitate appropriate changes in dietary intake and nutritional status. Despite the lack of correlation between dietary knowledge and intake, beneficial outcomes were none-the-less observed in the intervention group. The trend for weight gain in OW control group patients, and weight loss in OW intervention group patients contrasted with results seen by Slinde et al. (2002) where the control OW patients lost weight, and OW intervention patients gained weight. It is possible that in the current study, patients in the intervention group were motivated to lose weight with repeated exposure to the dietitian, rather than an increase in nutritional knowledge. Significant anthropometrical changes were unlikely to be observed in 8 weeks, and further follow up may be necessary to establish sufficient evidence for the most efficacious level of dietetic intervention. The small sample sizes, especially with regard to weight sub groups, limits the conclusions which can be drawn. Further research is recommended, using a larger sample size, in order to make recommendations for dietetic best practice. Conclusion:, The results of this study did not show statistical significance and the association between nutritional knowledge and improved nutritional outcomes remains unclear. However, the findings may have clinical significance since they appear to show that additional dietetic intervention may benefit the nutritional status of patients with COPD attending pulmonary rehabilitation. References, Lacasse, Y., Goldstein, R., et al. (2006) Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 4, CD003793. Slinde, F., Gronberg, A.M., et al. (2002) Individual dietary intervention in patients with COPD during multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Respir. Med. 96, 330,336. [source]

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in haemodialysis out-patients

JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 5 2000
H. A. Sayce
Introduction Malnutrition is highly prevalent in haemodialysis (HD) patients and plays a major role in influencing outcome. Although use of home enteral feeding is expanding rapidly in the UK, it is a method of nutritional support which remains under-utilized in HD out-patients. We report our experience and outcomes in a series of eight cases. Methods Home gastrostomy feeding was initiated in eight malnourished HD out-patients, administered either continuously overnight or as daily bolus feeds. Nutritional parameters were monitored weekly by the renal dietitian and included dry weight, upper-arm anthropometry and serum albumin. The number and duration of hospitalizations during the period of feeding were recorded. Results After 3 months of feeding, median dry weight increased from 43.0 to 48.3 kg (P = 0.012), mid-upper arm circumference increased from 20.2 to 24.8 cm (P = 0.018), triceps skinfold thickness increased from 7.3 to 11.3 mm (P = 0.046), mid-upper arm muscle circumference increased from 17.7 to 19.8 cm (P = 0.027) and serum albumin increased from 29.5 to 36.5 g L,1 (P = 0.011). Few complications were encountered and hospital admission rates were low. Conclusion Home gastrostomy feeding, with appropriate monitoring and support, is an effective method of improving and maintaining nutritional status in this vulnerable group. [source]

Monitoring nutritional status accurately and reliably in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 1-2 2009
Andrew C Martin
Aim: Accurate assessment of nutritional status is a vital aspect of caring for individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and body mass index (BMI) is considered an appropriate and easy to use tool. Because of the intense fear of weight gain, some individuals may attempt to mislead the physician. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a simple, objective method of assessing nutritional status. The setting is an eating disorders clinic in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Western Australia. The aim of this study is to evaluate how well MUAC correlates with BMI in adolescents with AN. Methods: Prospective observational study to evaluate nutritional status in adolescents with AN. Results: Fifty-five adolescents aged 12,17 years with AN were assessed between January 1, 2004 and January 1, 2006. MUAC was highly correlated with BMI (r = 0.79, P < 0.001) and individuals with MUAC ,20 cm rarely required hospitalisation (negative predictive value 93%). Conclusions: MUAC reflects nutritional status as defined by BMI in adolescents with AN. Lack of consistency between longitudinal measurements of BMI and MUAC should be viewed suspiciously and prompt a more detailed nutritional assessment. [source]

Prevalence of post-thrombotic syndrome following asymptomatic thrombosis in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 4 2008
S. KUHLE
Summary.,Background:,Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a complication of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children but little is known about the long-term outcomes of these DVT. Objective:,To determine the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) in (i) children with ALL diagnosed with asymptomatic DVT using radiographic testing and (ii) an unselected group of ALL survivors. Methods:,Cross-sectional study in two populations. Group I comprised children in the Prophylactic Antithrombin Replacement in Kids with ALL treated with L-Asparaginase (PARKAA) study diagnosed with DVT by radiographic tests. Group II consisted of non-selected childhood ALL survivors <21 years. PTS was assessed using a standardized scoring sheet. Results:,Group I: 13 PARKAA patients (median age 12 years) were assessed, and 7 had PTS (54%; 95% CI, 25,81). All patients had collaterals, three also had increased arm circumference. Group II: 41 patients (median age 13 years) with a history of ALL were enrolled, and 10 had PTS (24%; 95% CI, 11,38). All patients had collaterals; five also had increased arm circumference. Conclusion:,There is a high incidence of PTS in survivors of childhood ALL with radiographically diagnosed asymptomatic DVT. A significant proportion of ALL survivors develop PTS, indicating previously undiagnosed DVT. [source]

Improvement in arm and post-partum abdominal and flank subcutaneous fat deposits and skin laxity using a bipolar radiofrequency, infrared, vacuum and mechanical massage device

LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 10 2009
Lori Brightman MD
Abstract Background and Objectives Skin laxity of the body is a growing cosmetic concern. Laxity can result from chronological or photoaging and changes in body dimensions during pregnancy or weight loss. The end result is loose, sagging skin, and localized fat deposits. Liposuction and abdominoplasty or brachioplasty are established approaches to these issues. Patient desire for alternatives to surgical correction has spawned the development of non-invasive body contouring devices. The combination of infrared light (IR), bipolar radiofrequency (RF), vacuum and mechanical massage (Velashape, Syneron Medical Ltd, Israel) has demonstrated efficacy in improving skin appearance and circumference of the thighs [Goldberg et al., Derm Surg 2008; 34:204,209; Fisher et al., Derm Surg 2005; 31:1237,1241; Arnoczky and Aksan, J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2000; 8:305,313; Alster and Tanzi, J Cosmetic Laser Therapy 2005; 7:81,85; Wanitphakdeedecha and Manuskiatti, J Cosmet Dermatol 2006; 5:284,288; Nootheti et al., Lasers Surg Med 2006; 38: 908,912], but only anecdotal evidence has supported its use on other anatomic locations. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Velashape on additional body sites and more rigorously examine the technology's impact on upper arm as well as abdominal and flank circumference. Study Design and Methods Subjects were 28,70 years old, skin types I,V. Nineteen subjects underwent 5 weekly treatments of the upper arms, and 10 subjects underwent 4 weekly treatments of the abdomen and flanks. Treatments were performed using Velashape. Circumference measurements, photographs, and subject weights were performed prior to treatment and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. Subjects were asked to record their treatment satisfaction level. Results Change in arm circumference, at the 5th treatment was statistically significant with a mean loss of 0.625,cm. At 1- and 3-month follow-ups, mean loss was 0.71 and 0.597,cm respectively. Reduction of abdominal circumference at 3rd treatment was statistically significant with a 1.25,cm mean loss. At 1- and 3-month follow-ups, average loss was 1.43 and 1.82,cm respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrates with statistical significance, sustainable reduction in circumference and improvement in appearance of arms and abdomen following treatment with Velashape. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:791,798, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Body composition and respiratory function in healthy non-obese children

PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2007
FRANCISCO J. GONZALEZ-BARCALA
Abstract Background: The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the role that body composition plays in lung function, among healthy children and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study was undertaken using sex- and age-stratified sampling among healthy children and adolescents aged 6,18 years. Spirometry was performed on every child who fulfilled inclusion criteria. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were calculated from triceps skinfold thickness and arm circumference. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between low pulmonary function (PF) of schoolchildren and body composition expressed in FM and FFM. Calculations of OR imply that the outcome is dichotomous (low PF/normal PF), therefore those children who had parameters of pulmonary function below the 25th percentile were classed as cases and the rest of the subjects were considered as controls. Results: A total of 2408 children were included; 1270 (53%) of them were male and 1138 (47%), female. Among boys the increase of FFM was associated with an increase of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Among girls the increase of FFM was associated with an increase of FEV1, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow. The increase in FM was associated with a decrease of spirometric parameters in both genders, with a stronger effect among boys. Conclusions: The present study confirms the negative effect of body fat on the PF of children and adolescents, even though obese subjects were excluded. The effect is different between boys and girls. [source]

Nutritional status, body composition, and intestinal parasitism among the Mbyá-Guaraní communities of Misiones, Argentina

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
M.L. Zonta
Indigenous communities in Argentina represent socially and economically neglected populations. They are living in extreme poverty and environmental degradation conditions. New information about health status and socio-environmental features is urgently needed to be applied in future sanitary policies. Present study describes the nutritional status, body composition, and intestinal parasitism among Mbyá-Guaraní children from three communities in the Misiones Province. Anthropometric parameters were analized for 178 individuals (aged 1,14). Data were transformed to z -scores using NHANES I and II. Stunting showed the greatest prevalence (44.9%). Children were found to have low arm circumference and low arm muscle area, although with tricipital skinfold value near to the reference. They also tend to have shorter than normal lower limbs. Fecal samples and anal brushes (for Enterobius vermicularis) were collected in 45 children (aged 1,13). Ritchie's sedimentation and Willis' flotation techniques were used to determine parasitoses. Ninety five percent of children were infected with at least one species and 81.4% were polyparasitized. The higher prevalences corresponded to Blastocystis hominis, hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale/Necator americanus), and Entamoeba coli. Associations occurred between hookworms with B. hominis/E. coli and B. hominis with nonpathogenic amoebas. Thirty nine percent of the children with stunting presented B. hominis, Strongyloides, and hookworms. Our results indicate that this indigenous population is subjected to extreme poverty conditions and is one of the most marginalized in this country. Severe growth stunting and parasitic infection are still quite common among Mbyá children affecting about half of them along with significant changes in body composition and proportions. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Growth of infants' length, weight, head and arm circumferences in relation to low levels of blood lead measured serially

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
Lawrence M. Schell
To determine whether levels of blood lead during gestation and infancy that are below the CDC action level of 10 ,g/dl affect infant growth, we studied 211 disadvantaged mother,infant pairs from Albany, NY. Mothers' lead levels were low (second trimester = 2.8 ,g/dl) as were infants' ( = 3.3 ,g/dl at 6 months; 6.4 ,g/dl at 12 months). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that second trimester lead levels were related to reduced head circumference at 6 and 12 months. Infants of mothers with second trimester lead at or above the median (,3 ,g/dl) exhibited negative associations between blood lead and head circumference at 6 and 12 months, and with weight-for-age, weight-for-length, and upper arm circumference at 6 months, but those below the median did not. Infants' 6-month lead level was related to head circumference at 12 months in the total sample, and in the subsample of infants whose blood lead was above the infants' 6-month blood lead median. Infants were also grouped by changes in their relative blood lead status, that is, above vs. below the median, from second trimester to 12 months of age. Infants whose lead levels changed from above to below the median were larger than infants whose lead levels went from below to above the median. The results suggest that lead may affect some dimensions of infant growth at levels below 10 ,g/dl, but effects of lead levels less than 3 ,g/dl are not evident in this sample. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

The relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2009
A Ozturk
Abstract Aim: To determine the relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted in Turkey with 5358 children aged 6 to 17 years. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold thickness were measured. Body mass index (BMI), arm fat area were calculated. Self-reported sleep duration by parents were obtained. Results: As sleep duration increased, BMI, which was significantly higher in girls sleeping ,8 h, decreased (p < 0.05). WC, MUAC, BMI were significantly higher in boys sleeping ,8 h versus males sleeping ,10 h. Boys sleeping ,10 h in 6.0,17.0-years had significantly higher risk of overweight/obesity. In 6.0 to 17.0 years, the risk of overweight/obesity in boys sleeping 9,10 h, 8,9 h and ,8 h were 1.86-, 1.74- and 2.06-times higher respectively, versus children sleeping ,10 h (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sleep duration may be an important factor for obesity and providing ,10 h of sleep is recommended as a prevention strategy for obesity. [source]

The upper arm muscle and fat area of Santal children: an evaluation of nutritional status

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2009
Sutanu Dutta Chowdhury
Abstract Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the growth pattern of upper arm muscle area (UAMA), upper arm fat area (UAFA) and upper arm muscle area by height (UAMAH) and assessment of magnitude of undernutrition on the basis of these parameters in Santal children. Methods: UAMA and UAFA of 890 (473 boys and 417 girls) Santal children aged 5,12 years were calculated from mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold. Results: Growth curves of UAFA-for-age and UAMA by height in Santal boys and girls are placed at lower level of reference curve indicating severe undernutrition. The growth curves of UAMA-for-age in Santal children of both sexes do not indicate severe undermutrition. 17.13% Santal boys and 20.63% girls were truly undernourished on the basis of three Z-scores of height-for-age, weight-for-height and UAMAH of each subject. Santal children have more UAMA and less UAFA compared to similar undernourished children of Sugalis. Conclusion: Growth curves of UAFA-for-age and UAMA by height are good indicators of nutritional status in Santal children. UAMA and UAFA may not be similarly affected in undernourished children of every community. A comprehensive approach to identify the truly undernourished child has been suggested from this study. [source]

Risk factors for dyslipidemia in Chinese children

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2008
Ying Liao
Abstract Aim: Since the mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease continues to increase, research into dyslipidemia has been emphasized in not only adults but also paediatric populations. We aimed to study the risk factors of dyslipidemia in Chinese children. Methods: Nine hundred and sixty-two children, aged 6,18 years, in Beijing were enrolled. For each child, data were collected on body height (cm), body weight (kg), sitting height (cm), waist circumference, upper arm circumference, serum lipid levels, as well as familial history of dyslipidemia and early onset cardiovascular disease. Subgroups were determined on the basis of age and sex. Results: The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 11.1% (107/962). Children with dyslipidemia differed significantly from those without, in sitting height, upper arm circumference, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and diastolic and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that WHR, diastolic blood pressure and positive familial history were risk factors for dyslipidemia in children. Conclusion: Sitting height, upper arm circumference, BMI, WHR, diastolic pressure and systolic pressure were significantly higher in dyslipidemic children than in normal subjects in China. BMI, WHR, diastolic pressure and familial history of dyslipidemia and early-onset cardiovascular disease were risk factors for dyslipidemia in Chinese children. [source]