Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
One Wavelength (one + wavelength)
Selected AbstractsMore than one Wavelength: Identifying, Understanding and Resolving Conflicts of Interest between People with Intellectual Disabilities and their Family CarersJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 1 2001V. Williams The present paper describes conflicts of interest in families which include someone with intellectual disabilities. Data were taken from a study concerned with the 1995 Carers Act. The research examined the experiences and views of 51 families who had some kind of assessment by a social services department. Cases were analysed where it was found that carers, the people for whom they cared and the assessors did not agree about such conflicts. Assessors sometimes stereotyped families and spoke of conflicts of interest when the situation was more complex. In particular, the real conflict was often between the whole family and an inadequate service system that did not offer enough support or choices to the individual. Conflicts which had occurred were related to three major motives driving carers: (1) the need for a break from caring; (2) the need to speak for their disabled relative; and (3) their concern for standards of behaviour. The present authors report on how these situations were handled by assessors and conclude with some recommendations for good carer assessments which will help to resolve conflicts of interest. A greater degree of informed choice for individuals with intellectual disabilities will in itself resolve many potential conflicts of interest. [source] Simple On-Line Scheduling Algorithms for All-Optical Broadcast-and-Select NetworksEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Issue 1 2000Marco Ajmone Marsan This paper considers all-optical broadcast networks providing a number of slotted WDM channels for packet communications. Each network user is equipped with one tunable transmitter and one fixed receiver, so that full connectivity can be achieved by tuning transmitters to the different wavelengths. Tuning times are not negligible with respect to the slot time. A centralized network controller allocates slots in a TDWDM frame according to (long-term) bandwidth requests issued by users. Simple on-line transparent scheduling strategies are proposed, which accommodate bandwidth requests when they are received (on-line approach), with the constraint of not affecting existing allocations when a new request is served (transparency). Strategies that attempt to allocate in contiguous slots all the transmissions of each source on one wavelength reduce overheads, are simple, and provide good performance. Even better performance can be achieved, at the cost of a modest complexity increase, when the transparency constraint is not strictly imposed, i.e., when a full re-allocation of existing connections is performed once in a while. [source] Regional tomographic inversion of the amplitude and phase of Rayleigh waves with 2-D sensitivity kernelsGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2006Yingjie Yang SUMMARY In this study, we test the adequacy of 2-D sensitivity kernels for fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves based on the single-scattering (Born) approximation to account for the effects of heterogeneous structure on the wavefield in a regional surface wave study. The calculated phase and amplitude data using the 2-D sensitivity kernels are compared to phase and amplitude data obtained from seismic waveforms synthesized by the pseudo-spectral method for plane Rayleigh waves propagating through heterogeneous structure. We find that the kernels can accurately predict the perturbation of the wavefield even when the size of anomaly is larger than one wavelength. The only exception is a systematic bias in the amplitude within the anomaly itself due to a site response. An inversion method of surface wave tomography based on the sensitivity kernels is developed and applied to synthesized data obtained from a numerical simulation modelling Rayleigh wave propagation over checkerboard structure. By comparing recovered images to input structure, we illustrate that the method can almost completely recover anomalies within an array of stations when the size of the anomalies is larger than or close to one wavelength of the surface waves. Surface wave amplitude contains important information about Earth structure and should be inverted together with phase data in surface wave tomography. [source] Improved MOM-PO hybrid method for analyzing antenna around nurbs scattererMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 9 2010Kai Huang Abstract A new efficient technique for analyzing disturbed pattern of antenna around nonuniform rational B-spline scatterer is proposed in this article, termed the hybrid method of moments and physical-optics (MOM-PO) technique. The integral of PO currents is calculated by using Ludwig integral, which solves the invalidation when the distance between antenna and scatterer is less than one wavelength mentioned in literatures before. The relative pattern obtained using this method is compared with the patterns obtained from the previous solution and MOM. The pattern of the presented method agrees more closely with that of MOM, which demonstrates the accuracy of this approach. The outstanding advantage is that the present approach is applicable without restrictions on the distance between the antenna and the surface. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2049,2053, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25392 [source] Minimizing SONET Add-Drop Multiplexers in optical UPSR networks using the minimum number of wavelengthsNETWORKS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009Yong Wang Abstract In SONET/WDM optical networks, a high-speed wavelength channel is usually shared by multiplexed low-rate network traffic demands. The multiplexing is known as traffic grooming and carried out by SONET Add-Drop Multiplexers (SADM). The maximum number of low-rate traffic demands that can be multiplexed into one wavelength is called the grooming factor. Because SADMs are expensive network devices, a key optimization problem in optical network design is to groom a given set of low-rate traffic demands such that the number of required SADMs is minimized. This optimization problem is challenging and NP-hard even for Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring networks with unitary duplex traffic demands. In this article, we propose two linear-time approximation algorithms for this NP-hard problem based on a novel graph partitioning approach. Both algorithms achieve better worst case performance than the previous algorithms. We also show that the upper bounds obtained by our algorithms are very close to the lower bounds for some instances. In addition, both of our algorithms use the minimum number of wavelengths, which are precious resources as well in optical networks. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009 [source] | ||||||||||