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One Process (one + process)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Engineering28%
Chemistry28%

Selected Abstracts

Speciation via species interactions: the divergence of mating traits within species

ECOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 4 2010
Conrad J. Hoskin
Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 409,420 Abstract A species may overlap with a mosaic of species across its geographic range. Many types of species interaction cause selection on mating traits, but their role in generating within-species divergence has been neglected. The pattern of reproductive character displacement (RCD) has been classically attributed to reinforcement, a process driven by selection against hybridisation. Recent reinforcement research shows that sexual isolation can result between displaced and non-displaced populations. We argue that RCD (and hence potentially speciation) among populations can be generated by a variety of fundamental species interactions beyond reinforcement. We unify these interactions under one process of mating trait divergence and speciation (,RCD speciation'). This process can occur in many geographic settings. Because selection is acting directly on mating traits, rapid speciation can result involving little differentiation in other traits. This pattern of diversification is seen in many groups and regions, and has previously been attributed to sexual selection alone. [source]

Stochastic,conceptual analysis of near-surface hydrological response

HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES, Issue 14 2001
Keith Loague
Abstract The stochastic,conceptual rainfall,runoff simulator (SCRRS) developed by R. A. Freeze in 1980 was used in this study to demonstrate quantitatively the interplay of the factors that control the occurrence of overland flow by the Horton and Dunne mechanisms. The simulation domain and input data for the SCRRS simulations reported here were abstracted from the R-5 catchment (Chickasha, OK) data sets. The results illustrate that the identification of a dominant hydrological response process may not be as simple as a singular Horton or Dunne characterization. The SCRRS simulations show that the Horton and Dunne processes can (i) occur simultaneously at different locations during a given rainfall event, (ii) change from one process to the other with time depending on the characteristics of the rainfall event, and (iii) be strongly dependent on the initial conditions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Intelligence benevolent tools: A global system automating integration of structured and semistructured sources in one process

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 6 2004
Mbale Jameson
In this article, we investigate a global mechanism that merges and automates interoperability of heterogeneity structured and semistructured sources in one process. In particular, we introduce the intelligence benevolent tool (IBT) system comprised of tools like assertions, integration rules, conceptual model constructs, and agents that boost the architectural components' versatility to reconcile the semantics involved in data sharing. Going by the title, the term benevolent in this case refers to tools' ability to do what they are told to do. In this way, the tools shall rejuvenate the system's intelligence to withstand the test of time against the existing terrifically dynamic computer technology in the present and future information age. The first three IBTs are passive objects, whereas the agent has a strong versatility to perceive events, perform actions, communicate, make commitments, and satisfy claims. The IBT's vast intelligence allows the system to filter out and process only the relevant operational sources such as preferences (i.e., customer's interest) from the sites. In addition, the IBT's richness in knowledge and flexibility to accommodate various data models manages to smoothly link system-to-system or firm-to-firm regardless of any field such as engineering, insurance, medicine, space science, and education, to mention a few. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

Parametric optimization of magnetic-field-assisted abrasive flow machining by the Taguchi method

QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2002
Sehijpal Singh
Abstract Some hybrid-machining processes have been developed in the recent past with a view to devising composite machining processes, which are able to overcome the limitations of one process with the help of advantageous features of another similar process. The present paper identifies the parameters of abrasive flow machining (AFM) that significantly affect the material removal when a magnetic field is applied around the workpiece. The Taguchi method has been adopted for studying the effect of magnetic-field-assisted AFM parameters, individually, on the abrasion rate of work materials. Optimization of the process parameters has been carried out for the purpose of off-line monitoring of the process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

An improved method for correcting radiance data for bandpass error

COLOR RESEARCH & APPLICATION, Issue 5 2010
Hugh S. Fairman
Abstract Methods have previously been proposed for correction of measured radiance data for bandpass error. These proposals are reviewed and a recommendation is made of a method for making this deconvolution of the measured data to corrected spectral data. The method consists of three separate treatments of passbands. First, the first and last measured passbands are treated by one process. Then the second and next-to-last interior passbands are treated by another process. All remaining interior passbands are then treated by a third process. The results of doing so are reported and compared with two other methods of making the correction that have appeared in the literature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010. [source]

Novel anti-bacterial acid dyes derived from naphthalimide: synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of their technical properties on nylon 6

COLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Zinat Mohammadkhodaei
As an attempt to combine the dyeing and functional finishing steps into one process, two novel anti-bacterial monoazo acid dyes based on N -ester-1,8-naphthalimide were synthesised. To do this, 4-amino- N -ethyl glycinate-1,8-naphthalimide was prepared, diazotised and then coupled to thiosalicylic acid or salicylic acid to produce anti-bacterial dyes. The synthesised dyes were purified and then fully characterised using Fourier Transform,infrared spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and melting point analysis. Dispersion of the dyes was prepared in water and applied to nylon 6 fabrics. The novel dyes offered good build-up properties on the substrate. The anti-bacterial efficacy of the synthesised dyes was assessed, with the dyes showing activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. [source]