Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
One Element (one + element)
Selected AbstractsDynamic stiffness for piecewise non-uniform Timoshenko column by power series,part I: Conservative axial forceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2001A. Y. T. Leung Abstract The dynamic stiffness method uses the solutions of the governing equations as shape functions in a harmonic vibration analysis. One element can predict many modes exactly in the classical sense. The disadvantages lie in the transcendental nature and in the need to solve a non-linear eigenproblem for the natural modes, which can be solved by the Wittrick,William algorithm and the Leung theorem. Another practical problem is to solve the governing equations exactly for the shape functions, non-uniform members in particular. It is proposed to use power series for the purpose. Dynamic stiffness matrices for non-uniform Timoshenko column are taken as examples. The shape functions can be found easily by symbolic programming. Step beam structures can be treated without difficulty. The new contributions of the paper include a general formulation, an extended Leung's theorem and its application to parametric study. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Overview of research addressing ethical dimensions of participation in traumatic stress studies: Autonomy and beneficenceJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 6 2009Elana Newman One element of the design of human research studies is ethically informed decision-making. Key issues include the safety, costs, and benefits of participation. Historically, much of this decision-making was based on opinion rather than formal evidence. Recently, however, investigators in the traumatic stress field have begun to collect data that are relevant to these decisions. In this article, the authors focus on issues emanating from the ethical concepts of autonomy and respect for persons and beneficence and nonmaleficence, and then summarize relevant evidence from studies with trauma-exposed individuals. Discussion addresses implications of this evidence for research practice and policy, and identifies some potentially informative data collections opportunities for future trauma studies. [source] Föderalismusreform II: Zur Frage des Controlling der KonsolidierungshilfenPERSPEKTIVEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK, Issue 3 2010Joachim Ragnitz One element of this reform are so called "consolidation transfers" for heavily indebted states as an measure to reduce debt. In turn, receiving states have to run a strict consolidation strategy in the years to come, that is a reduction of public expenditure. It is shown that these bail-out rules will only help if the accompanying regulations will be enforced in a restrictive matter; however. There are risks that this will not be pursued in a proper way. [source] Loose Cannons and Rule Breakers, or Enterprising Leaders?PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 6 2000Some Evidence About Innovative Public Managers One element of the debate over New Public Management concerns public-sector entrepreneurship. Critics see entrepreneurs as people prone to rule breaking, self-promotion, and unwarranted risk taking, while proponents view them as exercising leadership and taking astute initiatives. This article examines two samples of the best applications to the Ford Foundation,Kennedy School of Government innovation awards, one between 1990 and 1994 and the other between 1995 and 1998, to see whether they are more consistent with the critics' or proponents' views. The second sample closely replicates the first, and the evidence from both strongly supports the proponents' views. Innovators are creatively solving public-sector problems and are usually proactive in that they deal with problems before they escalate to crises. They use appropriate organizational channels to build support for their ideas. They take their opponents seriously and attempt to win support for their ideas through persuasion or accommodation. [source] Exposure of children and adolescents to alcohol advertising on Australian metropolitan free-to-air televisionADDICTION, Issue 7 2009Lynda Fielder ABSTRACT Aim This study investigated the exposure of underage youth to alcohol television advertising on metropolitan free-to-air television in the five mainland capital city markets of Australia. Design Exposure levels (target audience rating points; TARPs) were obtained for all alcohol advertisements screened from November 2005 to October 2006 in each capital city market for: children 0,12 years; underage teens 13,17 years; young adults 18,24 years; and mature adults 25+ years. The 30 most exposed advertisements across age groups were then content-analysed for elements appealing to children and underage youth. Results In each of the five metropolitan markets, mature adults were most exposed to alcohol advertising. Children were exposed to one-third the level of mature adults and underage teens to approximately the same level as young adults. However, there was considerable variation in media weight between markets, such that underage teens in two markets had higher advertising TARPs than young adults in other markets. All 30 highest exposed advertisements contained at least one element known to appeal to children and underage youth, with 23 containing two or more such elements. Fifteen of the 30 advertisements featured an animal. Conclusions The self-regulation system in Australia does not protect children and youth from exposure to alcohol advertising, much of which contains elements appealing to these groups. [source] Taxonomic and regional patterns in benthic macroinvertebrate elemental composition in streamsFRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Issue 11 2005MICHELLE A. EVANS-WHITE Summary 1. Ecological stoichiometry has been used to better understand dynamics in consumer growth and the role of consumer-recycled nutrients because it focuses on more than one element. Most research has focused on pelagic rather than benthic consumers. Variation in elemental composition among benthic consumer taxa would suggest that taxa differ in their susceptibility to nutrient limitation or in their role in recycling nutrients. 2. We collected benthic macroinvertebrates from streams in two regions (Indiana,Michigan and Wisconsin, U.S.A.) to examine taxonomic and regional variation in benthic macroinvertebrate body carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations and ratios. 3. Elemental composition varied little within taxa common to both regions. In contrast, elemental composition differed greatly among taxa and appeared to be related to phylogeny. The elemental composition of macroinvertebrates clustered into three distinct groups: insects, mollusks, and crustaceans. To a lesser extent, insects and mollusks also differed in elemental composition among genera. 4. Functional feeding groups (FFGs) differed in elemental composition, with predators having a higher N content than other groups. Substantial elemental imbalances between C and N were found between most primary consumers and their likely food sources, and the magnitude of the imbalance depended in part on the FFG. 5. Our results support an assumption of most ecological stoichiometry models that, within a species, the elemental composition of aquatic invertebrates is relatively constant. Variation in elemental composition among taxa at various higher taxonomic levels suggests that susceptibility of stream invertebrates to nutrient limitation and their role in nutrient cycling will strongly depend on phylogeny. [source] Beyond Cultural Imperialism: Cultural Theory, Christian Missions, and Global ModernityHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 3 2002Ryan Dunch "Cultural imperialism" has been an influential concept in the representation of the modern Christian missionary movement. This essay calls its usefulness into question and draws on recent work on the cultural dynamics of globalization to propose alternative ways of looking at the role of missions in modern history. The first section of the essay surveys the ways in which the term "cultural imperialism" has been employed in different disciplines, and some of the criticisms made of the term within those disciplines. The second section discusses the application of the cultural imperialism framework to the missionary enterprise, and the related term "colonization of consciousness" used by Jean and John Comaroff in their influential work on British missionaries and the Tswana of southern Africa. The third section looks at the historiography of missions in modern China, showing how deeply the teleological narratives of nationalism and development have marked that historiography. The concluding section argues that the missionary movement must be seen as one element in a globalizing modernity that has altered Western societies as well as non,Western ones in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and that a comparative global approach to the missionary movement can help to illuminate the process of modern cultural globalization. [source] The extent of nursing research utilization in general medical and surgical wardsJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 1 2000Sheila E. Rodgers MSc BSc RGN The extent of nursing research utilization in general medical and surgical wards There has been extensive speculation about the lack of research utilization in nursing but little attempt to quantify this phenomenon outside of North America. The current demands for evidence-based practice necessitate research utilization as one element of the process. As part of a larger project, this study aimed to describe the extent of research utilization by registered nurses in general medical and surgical wards in the Scottish Health Service. A postal survey was conducted for nurses to self-report their level of utilization of 14 research-based practices. The 14 practices represented examples of direct, indirect and methodological utilization of research. A research utilization score was constructed for each of the 14 practices and a total mean score constructed for all 14 practices. A random two-stage stratified sampling resulted in a total sample of 936 nurses from 25 hospitals. A 73% response rate was achieved. The total mean research utilization score for all nurses across all 14 nursing practices suggests that on average, nurses had heard, believed in and were beginning to use the practices. The sampling technique over-represents nurses in large hospitals and charge nurses, hence a weighting calculation on all scores was completed. There was little difference in weighted and unweighted scores. Scores on individual practices ranged from 60% (405/680) of nurses never having heard of a practice to 85% (574/680) always using a practice. This approach provides a valid and reliable method of assessing the extent of nursing research utilization. In several of the practices, nurses are making significant attempts at research-based practice. The level of research utilization compares favourably with research completed in North America and provides a baseline for United Kingdom and other country studies. [source] Towards a sustainable theory of health-related stigma: lessons from the HIV/AIDS literatureJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Harriet Deacon Abstract Stigma has been identified as a major barrier to health care and quality of life in illness management. But unfortunately there is no common theoretical perspective on stigma. We need a sustainable theory of health-related stigma. This would start with a coherent definition of stigma that brings together both individual and social dimensions of this complex phenomenon. It would reassesses the existence of ,types' of stigma and explain how stigma relates to disadvantage. A sustainable theory would help researchers to move from theory into practice: to develop a comprehensive measurement tool for stigma and related disadvantage, and inform design, monitoring and evaluation of anti-stigma interventions. This paper draws on two recent literature reviews on HIV/AIDS stigma to introduce several key issues in developing a sustainable theory of stigma. We suggest limiting the definition of stigma to the process of othering, blaming and shaming (often called symbolic stigma). We argue that there is value in analytically separating stigma from discrimination in order to better understand the relationship between them. We also suggest the need to understand discrimination caused by stigma as only one element of stigma-related disadvantage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] MPs and web technologies: an untapped opportunity?JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2003Nigel Jackson Abstract MPs have not previously been assigned a major role in electoral campaigning, being considered only one element of a political party's ,marketing' tools for winning votes. Evidence now suggests that the relationship between MPs and their constituents is changing. The concept of ,constituency service' implies that individual MPs can have a much greater influence on local voters and so possibly buck national trends. At the same time the concept of the ,permanent campaign' is transforming political campaigning whereby the political elite needs ever-greater control of the tools used to provide messages to voters. The internet is a potential battleground between MPs who want greater control of their own local campaigning and the party elite who want to ensure a consistent, coherent and controlled message. The Internet is a new addition to the campaigning armoury, yet the focus so far has been on e-government, e-democracy and election campaigns. By concentrating on how and why MPs use their websites this paper considers whether MPs have fully understood and utilised this new medium. Key questions include whether their websites are ,sticky', interactive and a means of creating a targeted message. The findings of this detailed study of MPs' websites show that apart from a few pioneers, MPs have not progressed beyond using the Internet as ,shovelware' , the vast majority view their website as an electronic brochure and not a new form of two-way communication. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications [source] Extension of a tuned log spiral of revolution fluorescence XAFS detector, designed for optimal detection of a particular element Z, to XAFS of elements other than ZJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 2 2001D. M. Pease Recently, it has been demonstrated that an x-ray detector in the form of a log spiral of revolution, covered with highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, is an excellent device for obtaining the fluorescence XAFS of an element of interest in the presence of competing fluorescence from other elements. In the present work we investigate the capabilities of a log spiral of revolution (LSR) detector, with a geometry optimized for one element (in this case Cr), if used for XAFS of other elements. [source] Locally compact (2, 2)-transformation groupsMATHEMATISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 7 2010Alfonso Di Bartolo Abstract We determine all locally compact imprimitive transformation groups acting sharply 2-transitively on a non-totally disconnected quotient space of blocks inducing on any block a sharply 2-transitive group and satisfying the following condition: if ,1, ,2 are two distinct blocks and Pi, Qi , ,i (i = 1, 2), then there is just one element in the inertia subgroup which maps Pi onto Qi. These groups are natural generalizations of the group of affine mappings of the line over the algebra of dual numbers over the field of real or complex numbers or over the skew-field of quaternions. For imprimitive locally compact groups, our results correspond to the classical results of Kalscheuer for primitive locally compact groups (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Older migrants to the Mediterranean: the Turkish examplePOPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 6 2009Halil, brahim Bahar Abstract To take advantage of a better climate and enjoy the sunshine as one element of a healthier, happier lifestyle, it would seem that retired people from northern and western Europe are settling in increasing numbers along Turkey's Aegean and Mediterranean coasts. This paper reports the findings from a random sample of 504 EU citizens who had settled full-time, or who had spent a large part of each year, in Turkey. The work focuses on the demographics of the sample, their reasons for settling in Turkey, their perceived problems in adjusting to life in a foreign country, and looks at their relationships with their fellow countrymen and local Turkish communities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Regional and local labour market prospects: the importance of ageing in workforce developmentPOPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 5 2006Anne Green Abstract Overall, the labour force in the UK is ageing, although at different rates in different areas. This poses challenges for workforce development, and has implications not only for older workers, but for everyone, everywhere. However, demography is only one element in labour supply. It needs to be considered alongside trends in participation rates and in a broader policy and cultural context, and alongside likely changes in labour demand, in order to gain a picture of regional and local labour market prospects. The thrust of government policy is to raise employment rates amongst older people (aged 50,69) and to promote ,active ageing'. The decline in employment rates amongst older men evident in the 1980s has been reversed, but participation rates remain low by earlier standards. Shifts in the industrial and occupational structure of employment mean that there is likely to be a growing demand for customer care and service skills, which older people are well-placed to provide. Yet estimates of ,replacement demand' show that some of the most pressing workforce development issues are experienced in declining sectors and occupations, with an older than average age profile. Examples include agriculture and social care in Cornwall, where there is a lack of new recruits to replace those retiring. It is concluded that improved local intelligence on labour market flows and prospects is needed to inform skills and learning priorities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Mounding as a Technique for Restoration of Prairie on a Capped Landfill in the Puget Sound LowlandsRESTORATION ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Kern Ewing Abstract Closed landfills create large open spaces that are often proposed as sites for restored or created ecosystems. Grasslands are probably prescribed most often because of the presumption that grass root systems will not breach the landfill cap. Capped landfills have a number of soil degradation problems, including compaction, decreased permeability, lack of organic material, diminished soil fauna, inappropriate texture, and lack of structure. In this study in the Puget Sound lowlands, Washington, U.S.A., mounding (low sandy-loam mounds, about 20 cm high and 2 m in diameter), addition of fertilizer, and mulching with yard-waste compost were applied to landfill sites as treatments in a factorial-design experiment. Prairie plants (1,344 individuals, 7 species) were planted into 4-m2 plots (n = 48), and plant growth and survival and the increase in weed biomass were monitored for 3 years. Mulching had no effect on plant survival or growth. Fertilization had a negative effect on Lupinus lepidus, a nitrogen-fixing species. Mounding had a positive effect on growth and survival of Eriophyllum lanatum, Festuca idahoensis, and Aster curtus. Potentilla pacifica was indifferent to mounding, and Carex inops responded negatively. Mounds should probably be used as one element of a complex of habitats on restored landfills. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||