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One Domain (one + domain)
Selected AbstractsCompensatory biases after ingroup threat: ,yeah, but we have a good personality'EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Maria Rosaria Cadinu It was hypothesized that participants who strongly identify with the ingroup and receive unfavorable feedback about their group in one domain would compensate on alternative dimensions. A group of emergency medical service volunteers received negative, positive or no feedback on their volunteer organization and were asked to rate the ingroup and an outgroup on dimensions alternative to the feedback. As predicted, high identifiers showed an increase in ingroup favoritism after negative feedback (i.e. compensation) and a decrease after positive feedback (i.e. modesty effect). In contrast, low identifiers distanced themselves from the ingroup after negative feedback and accentuated self-ingroup similarity after positive feedback. Results are discussed in relation to a schema-maintenance model through compensation (Seta & Seta, 1993) and social identity theory. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Hidden in Plain Sight: The Active Ingredients of Executive CoachingINDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009D. DOUGLAS McKENNA We propose that I/O psychologists who coach executives have overlooked psychotherapy outcome research as a source of information and ideas that can be used to improve our executive coaching practices. This research, based on thousands of studies and many meta-analyses, has converged on the conclusion that four "active ingredients" account for most of the variance in psychotherapy outcomes. We describe how this literature has identified four primary "active ingredients" that account for most of the variance in psychotherapy outcomes: 1) Client/extratherapeutic factors (40%), 2) The relationship or alliance (30%), 3) Placebo or hope (15%), and 4) Theory and technique (15%). Working on the assumption that psychotherapy and executive coaching are sufficiently similar to justify generalization from one domain to the other, we describe these four active ingredients at length and explore how they may be at work in the executive coaching process. We also suggest that I/O psychologists have training and experience that allows us to leverage some of these active ingredients in our executive coaching (e.g., understanding of client individual differences related to coaching outcomes). But we also have areas of weakness (e.g., building a strong working relationship with an individual client) that may need to be bolstered with additional training and development experiences. [source] A two-scale domain decomposition method for computing the flow through a porous layer limited by a perforated plateINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 6 2003J. Dufręche Abstract A two-scale domain decomposition method is developed in order to study situations where the macroscopic description of a given transport process in porous media does not represent a sufficiently good approximation near singularities (holes, wells, etc.). The method is based on a decomposition domain technique with overlapping. The governing equations at the scale of the microstructure are solved in the vicinity of the singularities whereas the volume averaged transport equations are solved at some distance of the singularities. The transfer of information from one domain to the other is performed using results of the method of volume averaging. The method is illustrated through the computation of the overall permeability of a porous layer limited by a perforated plate. As shown in the example treated, the method allows one to estimate the useful size of the microscopic region near the singularities. As illustrated in the paper, the method can lead to a considerable gain in memory requirement compared to a full direct simulation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of sertraline in the treatment of the behavioral manifestations of Alzheimer's disease in outpatients treated with donepezilINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2004Sanford I. Finkel Abstract Objective To examine the safety and efficacy of sertraline augmentation therapy in the treatment of behavioral manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in outpatients treated with donepezil. Methods and materials Patients with probable or possible AD, and a Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) total score >5 (with a severity score ,2 in at least one domain), were treated with donepezil (5,10,mg) for 8 weeks, then randomly assigned to 12 weeks of double-blind augmentation therapy with either sertraline (50,200,mg) or placebo. Primary efficacy measures were the 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Clinical Global Impression Improvement (CGI-I) and Severity (CGI-S) scales. Results 24 patients were treated with donepezil+sertraline and 120 patients with donepezil+placebo. There were no statistically significant differences at endpoint on any of the three primary efficacy measures. However, a linear mixed model analysis found modest but statistically significantly greater improvements in the CGI-I score on donepezil+sertraline. Moreover, in a sub-group of patients with moderate-to-severe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, 60% of patients on sertraline vs 40% on placebo (p,=,0.006) achieved a response (defined as ,;50% reduction in a four-item NPI-behavioral subscale). One adverse event (diarrhea) was significantly (p,<,0.05) more common in the donepezil+sertraline group compared to the donepezil+placebo group. Conclusion Sertraline augmentation was well-tolerated in this sample of AD outpatients. In addition, post hoc analyses demonstrated a modest but statistically significant advantage of sertraline over placebo augmentation in mixed model analyses and a clinically and statistically significant advantage in a subgroup of patients with moderate-to-severe behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Rational Choice and Developmental Influences on Recidivism Among Adolescent Felony OffendersJOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2007Jeffrey Fagan Recent case law and social science both have claimed that the developmental limitations of adolescents affect their capacity for control and decision making with respect to crime, diminishing their culpability and reducing their exposure to punishment. Social science has focused on two concurrent adolescent developmental influences: the internalization of legal rules and norms that regulate social and antisocial behaviors, and the development of rationality to frame behavioral choices and decisions. The interaction of these two developmental processes, and the identification of one domain of socialization and development as the primary source of motivation or restraint in adolescence, is the focus of this article. Accordingly, we combine rational choice and legal socialization frameworks into an integrated, developmental model of criminality. We test this framework in a large sample of adolescent felony offenders who have been interviewed at six-month intervals for two years. Using hierarchical and growth curve models, we show that both legal socialization and rational choice factors influence patterns of criminal offending over time. When punishment risks and costs are salient, crime rates are lower over time. We show that procedural justice is a significant antecedent of legal socialization, but not of rational choice. We also show that both mental health and developmental maturity moderate the effects of perceived crime risks and costs on criminal offending. [source] Does condition-specific quality of life correlate with generic health-related quality of life and objective incontinence severity in women with stress urinary incontinence?NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 4 2006Seung-June Oh Abstract Aims We examined the impact of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) on health-related quality of life (QOL) and evaluated the relationships between incontinence-specific QOL and objective disease severity. Methods A total of 158 women (mean age 49.9) suffering from SUI were included in the study. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) were used to assess QOL in the patient and control groups. Results The SF-36 scores did not show any significant differences between the two groups except for one domain (physical functioning, P,=,0.005). The patient KHQ scores were significantly lower than those of the controls (P,<,0.001 for all domains). The scores of the KHQ domains correlated with those of the SF-36 domains, but the relationship was low to moderate, ranging from ,0.033 to ,0.686. However, they did not correlate with Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP). When patients were divided into the low VLPP group (n,=,60) and the higher VLPP group (n,=,98), statistically significant differences were found between the groups for general health domains of the SF-36 (P,=,0.010) and of the KHQ (P,=,0.027). No statistically significant differences were found in other domains of both questionnaires. Conclusions The generic QOL instrument is not a sensitive tool for measuring QOL in women with SUI. In addition, our findings suggest that objective disease severity is not associated with generic or incontinence-specific QOL. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Measuring psychological, social, and environmental influences on leisure-time physical activity among adultsAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 1 2007Nicola W. Burton Many of the self-administered scales for measuring physical activity (PA) influences were originally developed for vigorous-intensity exercise, focus on only one domain of influence, and have not been evaluated for both reliability and validity using population-based samples. Objective: This study describes the factorial validity and internal reliability of scales for measuring individual-level psychological, social, and environmental influences on leisure-time PA among adults in the general population. Method: Constructs were identified from a literature review and formative research with a socio-economically diverse sample. Items were generated using previously developed scales and interview data. New items were pre-tested using reliability and principal components analyses, with data collected from a mail survey sent to a randomly selected population-based sample. Qualitative feedback was obtained from a convenience sample and expert panel. A second mail survey provided data for principal components and reliability analyses. Results: Twenty-eight scales were factorially derived and 24 had acceptable or marginally acceptable levels of internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.65 to 0.91. Conclusions and Implications: The 24 scales are suitable for researchers and practitioners interested in measuring individual-level influences on PA that are consistent with Social Cognitive Theory. More research is required to assess predictive validity, sensitivity to change and test/re-test reliability. [source] | |||||||||||||