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One Death (one + death)
Selected AbstractsAnesthesia-Related Complications in Living Liver Donors: The Experience from One Center and the Reporting of One DeathAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 10 2008S. Ozkardesler Living donor liver transplantation has become an alternative therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease. Donors are healthy individuals and donor safety is the primary concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anesthetic complications and outcomes for our donor cases; we report one death. The charts of the patients who underwent donor hepatectomy from February 1997 to June 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Right hepatectomy (resection of segments 5,8) was done in 101 donors, left lobectomy (resection of segments 2,3) in 11 donors, and left hepatectomy (resection of segments 2,4) in one donor. Minor anesthetic complications were shoulder pain, pruritus and urinary retention related to epidural morphine, and major morbidity included central venous catheter-induced thrombosis of the brachial and subclavian vein, neuropraxia, foot drop and prolonged postdural puncture headache. One of 113 donors died from pulmonary embolism on the 11th postoperative day. This procedure has some major risks related to anesthesia and surgery. Although careful attention will lower complication rate, we have to keep in mind that the risks of donor surgery will not be completely eliminated. [source] Overdose training and take-home naloxone for opiate users: prospective cohort study of impact on knowledge and attitudes and subsequent management of overdosesADDICTION, Issue 10 2008John Strang ABSTRACT Aim To examine the impact of training in overdose management and naloxone provision on the knowledge and confidence of current opiate users; and to record subsequent management of overdoses that occur during a 3-month follow-up period. Design Repeated-measures design to examine changes in knowledge and confidence immediately after overdose management training; retention of knowledge and confidence at 3 months; and prospective cohort study design to document actual interventions applied at post-training overdose situations. Method A total of 239 opiate users in treatment completed a pre-training questionnaire on overdose management and naloxone administration and were re-assessed immediately post-training, at which point they were provided with the take-home emergency supply of naloxone. Three months later they were re-interviewed. Results Significant improvements were seen in knowledge of risks of overdose, characteristics of overdose and appropriate actions to be taken; and in confidence in the administration of naloxone. A 78% follow-up rate was achieved (186 of 239) among whom knowledge of both the risks and physical/behavioural characteristics of overdose and also of recommended management actions was well retained. Eighteen overdoses (either experienced or witnessed) had occurred during the 3 months between the training and the follow-up. Naloxone was used on 12 occasions (a trained client's own supply on 10 occasions). One death occurred in one of the six overdoses where naloxone was not used. Where naloxone was used, all 12 resulted in successful reversal. Conclusions With overdose management training, opiate users can be trained to execute appropriate actions to assist the successful reversal of potentially fatal overdose. Wider provision may reduce drug-related deaths further. Future studies should examine whether public policy of wider overdose management training and naloxone provision could reduce the extent of opiate overdose fatalities, particularly at times of recognized increased risk. [source] Travel-Related Cerebro-Meningeal Infections: The 8-Year Experience of a French Infectious Diseases UnitJOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010Christophe Rapp MD Background. The etiological spectrum of cerebro-meningeal infections (CMI) in travelers has never been specifically analyzed. Objectives. To assess the etiologies of CMI in hospitalized travelers and to propose a diagnostic approach to travel-related CMI. Methods. During an 8-year period, we retrospectively collected data on all travelers hospitalized in our department for a CMI occurring during travel or in the month after their return. Results. Fifty-six patients (35 men and 21 women; mean age 29 years (16,83); 44.6% tourists, 26.8% military, 16% immigrants, 12.5% expatriates) were included. The main destinations were Africa (57.2%), Europe (19.5%), and Asia (12.5%). The median duration of travel was 24 days (5,550). Symptoms occurred during travel in 20 patients (11 of which required a medical evacuation). In the remaining 36 patients, the median duration between return and clinical onset was 10 days. The median time from clinical onset to hospitalization was 4 days (0.5,96). Twenty-four patients presented with a meningeal syndrome and 20 others with encephalitic features. The remaining 12 patients had an incomplete clinical presentation (headaches or fever). The etiology was confirmed in 42 cases (75%) of which tropical diseases (n = 14) were less common than cosmopolitan ones (n = 28). Sub-Saharan Plasmodium falciparum malaria (n = 12) was the leading tropical infection, whereas viral infections (enterovirus, herpesviridae, HIV) were the main cosmopolitan etiologies. Only four bacterial infections were reported (Neisseria meningitidis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Brucella melitensis, Salmonella typhi). Sixteen patients were admitted to intensive care for a median time of 9.5 days (1,63). The average duration of hospitalization was 14 days (3,63). One death by herpes simplex virus 1 encephalitis was recorded. Four patients (7%) had neurological sequelae. Conclusions. Among the diversified etiological spectrum of CMI, cosmopolitan infections are widely predominant, particularly viral infections, followed by tropical causes, of which malaria is the leading disease in returnees from endemic areas. The diagnostic approach should be driven by history and physical examination. Key investigations include: blood smear, cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction and culture as well as neuroimaging. Management should focus on curable causes. [source] Percutaneous radiofrequency thermoablation as an alternative to surgery for treatment of liver tumour recurrence after hepatectomyBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 6 2002Dr D. Elias Background: Radiofrequency (RF) current, converted into heat through ion agitation and friction, can destroy liver tumours by means of coagulation necrosis. This study assessed whether percutaneous RF ablation is a useful and safe technique for the treatment of liver tumour recurrence after hepatectomy. Methods: Forty-seven patients presenting with local recurrence after hepatectomy for malignant tumours (29 with colorectal secondaries) were treated with percutaneous RF ablation instead of repeat hepatectomy. RF thermal ablation was performed under image guidance for 12,15 min. This group represented 63 per cent of 75 patients treated with curative intent for liver recurrence in the same time interval. The other 28 patients underwent repeat hepatectomy. Results: The mean(s.d.) number of liver metastases destroyed was 1·4(0·7) (range 1,3) and their diameter was 21(8) (range 9,35) mm. Twenty-six patients presented with liver recurrence at least once but up to three times after the initial RF application. Incomplete local RF treatment was observed in six of 47 patients. Fifteen patients developed extrahepatic recurrence. The mean(s.d.) interval between RF ablation and the last follow-up visit was 14·4(10·1) (range 5·5,40) months. One death and three major complications occurred. Survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 88 and 55 per cent respectively. A retrospective study of the authors' database over two similar consecutive periods showed that RF ablation increased the percentage of curative local treatments for liver recurrence after hepatectomy from 17 to 26 per cent and decreased the proportion of repeat hepatectomies from 100 to to 39 per cent. Conclusion: Percutaneous RF treatment increases the number of patients eligible for curative treatment. It should be preferred to repeat hepatectomy when feasible and safe because it is less invasive. Repeat hepatectomy is indicated only when percutaneous RF ablation is contraindicated or fails. © 2002 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd [source] The Role of Intra-Aortic Counterpulsation in High-Risk OPCAB Surgery:JOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY, Issue 4 2003A Prospective Randomized Study This prospective and randomized study evaluates the efficacy and safety of pre- and perioperative IABC in high-risk OPCAB. Material: Group A,IABC started prior to induction of anesthesia (n = 15); group B,no preoperative IABC (n = 15). Adult high-risk coronary patients to undergo OPCAB. High risk = (minimum 2) EF < 0.30, left main stenosis, unstable angina, redo. Bailout if hemodynamic instability CPB or IABC in group B. Study endpoints (a) cardiac protection (troponin 1, cardiac index (CI), ECG), (b) inflammatory response (lactate, IL-6), (c) clinical outcome (mortality, morbidity). Emergency operations 33%, re-operation 13%, unstable angina 100%, left main 60% and EF 0.29, without group differences. Results: No bailout group A, 10 in group B, p < 0.0001. Postoperative IABC six (group A) and seven patients (group B), during 6.8 ± 5.1 hours (group A) versus 41.2 ± 25.5 hours (group B), p = 0.0110. Myocardial protection without group differences, but CI significantly better in group A. Inflammatory response significantly less in group A. Clinical outcomes: one death, one MI and two renal failure in group B, none in group A. Intensive care unit (ICU) stay 27 ± 3 hours (group A) versus 65 ± 28 hours (group B), p = 0.0017. LOS 8 ± 2 days (group A) versus 15 ± 10 (group B), p = 0.0351. No IABC related complications. Conclusions: Pre- and perioperative IABC therapy offers efficient hemodynamic support during high-risk OPCAB surgery, lowers the risk of hemodynamic instability, is safe and shortens both ICU and hospital length of stay significantly, and is a cost-effective therapy. (J Card Surg 2003; 18:286-294) [source] Therapeutic plasma exchange as a nephrological procedure: A single-center experience ,,JOURNAL OF CLINICAL APHERESIS, Issue 4 2005Fred E. Yeo Abstract In the United States, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is both performed and requested by a wide range of services, often on an empiric basis (before a diagnosis is established). Whether empiric therapy is beneficial has not been established. Patients were identified from an electronic procedure log that included those patients who received plasmapheresis at Walter Reed Army Medical Center from 1996 to 2003. The clinical indications, referring service, and outcomes (including deaths) that occurred were tabulated. Between March 1997 and August 2003, 568 TPE treatments were performed in 54 patients. The majority of the diagnoses were either neurologic (48%) or hematologic (37%). Thirty-three patients (61%) received TPE for a Category I indication. Twelve cases were performed empirically (without an established diagnosis) at the request of the referring service, most (7) performed for presumed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Almost 80% of patients required central venous catheters for treatment. Twelve patients (22%) experienced a major complication including death, and six patients (11%) died. Of the patients who died, 5 (83%) were treated empirically versus one death (17%) among patients not treated empirically, P < 0.001 by Chi Square. Only one of the seven patients treated empirically for TTP died, however. In logistic regression analysis, empiric treatment was the only factor independently associated with death, adjusted odds ratio, 34.2, 95% CI, 3.4, 334.8, P = 0.003. The most common indication for TPE was neurological disease, which also accounted for the highest proportion of complications. With the exception of presumed TTP, performing TPE in the absence of a confirmed diagnosis was not beneficial. J. Clin. Apheresis Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Laser Lead Extraction: Predictors of Success and ComplicationsPACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2 2007JEAN-FRANÇOIS ROUX M.D. Background: Paralleling the rise in pacemaker and defibrillator implantations, lead extraction procedures are increasingly required. Concerns regarding failure and complications remain. Methods and Results: A total of 200 lead extraction procudures were performed at the Montreal Heart Institute between September 2000 and August 2005. In 23 patients, all leads were removed by traction with a locking stylet. A total of 270 leads were extracted using a laser sheath system (Spectranectics, Colorado Springs, CO, USA) in 177 procedures involving 175 patients (74% male), age 62±16 years. Procedural indications were: infection 88 (50%), dysfunction 54 (30%), upgrade 21 (12%), and other 14 (8%). Overall, 241 leads (89%) were successfully extracted, 7 (3%) were partially extracted (,4 cm retained), and 22 (8%) were non-extractable. In multivariate analyses, predictors of failed extraction were longer time from implant (OR 1.16 per year, P=0.0001) and history of hypertension (OR 5.2, P=0.0023). Acute complications occurred in 14 of 177 procedures (7.9%): 8 (4.5%) minor and 6 (3.4%) major, with one death. In multivariate analyses, the only predictor of acute complications was laser lead extraction from both right and left sides during the same procedure (OR 9.4, P = 0.0119). In addition, 3 of 10 patients with failed or partially extracted infected systems eventually required open chest explantation because of endocarditis. Conclusion: Most leads not amenable to manual traction may be successfully extracted by a percutaneous laser sheath system. While most complications are minor, major complications including death may occur. Older leads are at higher risk for failed extraction. Endocarditis may ensue if infected leads are incompletely removed. [source] Mortality among unionized construction plasterers and cement masons,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2001Frank Stern Abstract Background Plasterers perform a variety of duties including interior and exterior plastering of drywall, cement, stucco, and stone imitation; the preparation, installation, and repair of all interior and exterior insulation systems; and the fireproofing of steel beams and columns. Some of the current potential toxic exposures among plasterers include plaster of Paris, silica, fiberglass, talc, and 1,1,1-trichloroethylene; asbestos had been used by the plasterers in the past. Cement masons, on the other hand, are involved in concrete construction of buildings, bridges, curbs and gutters, sidewalks, highways, streets and roads, floors and pavements and the finishing of same, when necessary, by sandblasting or any other method. Exposures include cement dust, silica, asphalt, and various solvents. Methods Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) were calculated for 99 causes of death among 12,873 members of the Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association who died between 1972 and 1996 using United States age-, race-, and calender-specific death rates. Statistical significance (P value) of results was based upon the Poisson distribution. Results Among plasterers, statistically significant elevated mortality was observed for asbestosis, where the PMR reached 1,657 (P,<,0.01) with eleven observed deaths and less than one death expected, for lung cancer (PCMR,=,124, P,<,0.01), and for benign neoplasms (PMR,=,210, P,<,0.05). Among cement masons, statistically significant elevated mortality was observed for cancer of the stomach (PCMR,=,133, P,<,0.01), benign neoplasms (PMR,=,132, P,<,0.01), and poisonings (PMR,=,159, P,<,0.05). Except for poisonings, which were not thought to be occupationally related, all of the statistically significant results occurred among those members who entered the union prior to 1950. However, the risk for lung cancer among plasterers was still elevated among those entering the union after 1970 as was the risk for stomach cancer among cement masons who entered the union after 1950. Conclusions The present study suggests that plasterers and cement masons still have elevated risks for certain diseases, especially lung and stomach cancer. Therefore, union members currently living should be screened for asbestos-related diseases and educated about the future risks for these diseases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 39:373,388, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Outcome of a conservative policy for managing acute sigmoid diverticulitis,BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 7 2007S. Shaikh Background: A conservative policy for patients presenting with acute sigmoid diverticulitis is associated with a low operation rate, and low overall and operative mortality rates. The long-term consequences of such a policy were investigated. Methods: Data were collected prospectively for 232 patients with acute sigmoid diverticulitis between 1990 and 2004. Details of all subsequent readmissions were obtained and survival to August 2005 was analysed. Results: Of the 232 patients admitted, 60 (25·9 per cent) were known to have diverticulosis; in 172 patients it was a new diagnosis. Thirty-eight patients (16·4 per cent) underwent sigmoid resection, with one death. Three elderly patients in whom a decision was made not to operate had perforated diverticulitis at autopsy. Of 191 patients discharged without resection, 35 (18·3 per cent) subsequently underwent sigmoid resection: 26 (13·6 per cent) elective and nine (4·7 per cent) emergency, with one death. Conclusion: A conservative policy is safe in both the short term and the long term. Copyright © 2007 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Aggressive resection of the airway invaded by thyroid carcinomaBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 11 2005Y.-F. Tsai Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that outcome following concomitant airway resection is superior to that after shaving of the tumour in patients with airway invasion of thyroid carcinoma. Methods: The records of 34 patients with thyroid cancer with airway invasion were reviewed retrospectively. In addition to total thyroidectomy, airway resection was performed in 18 patients (group 1), whereas the tumour was shaved away from the airway in the other 16 patients (group 2). 131I was used as postoperative adjuvant therapy in all patients. Metastasis and recurrence of the primary lesion were determined by 131I whole-body scans, serum thyroglobulin levels, and computed tomography or ultrasonography of the neck. Results: In group 1, two anastomotic dehiscences resulted in one death. Patients in group 2 had a higher rate of local recurrence (relative risk 8·0, P = 0·013) and earlier recurrence (mean(s.e.m.) 2·6(0·8) versus 7·0(1·1) years; P = 0·026) than those in group 1. Median survival was 5·8 and 4·3 years in the 18 patients of group 1 and 16 patients of group 2 (P = 0·259), and the respective 5-year survival rates were 88 and 84 per cent (P = 0·783). Conclusion: Aggressive airway resection can minimize local recurrence of thyroid carcinoma with airway invasion. Copyright © 2005 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for operable oesophageal carcinoma: preliminary results from SheffieldBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 3 2001I. McL. Background: Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for potentially curable oesophageal carcinoma but the long-term survival rate remains 10,20 per cent. Neoadjuvant administration of chemoradiotherapy (NCR) may improve these values. In this study the authors reviewed their preliminary experience with NCR in Sheffield. Methods: Twenty-five patients with potentially resectable oesophageal carcinoma embarked on a regimen of NCR, with resection planned 4,6 weeks later. Chemotherapy incorporated two cycles of intravenous cis -platinum and 5-fluorouracil with external-beam radiotherapy administered synchronously (30,45 Gy). Results: Twenty-two of the 25 patients suffered side-effects from NCR, including one death, and seven patients failed to complete NCR as planned. The median interval from diagnosis to surgery was 121 days. Twelve out of 24 patients had significant postoperative complications, including two deaths. Seven patients had a complete histological response to NCR (three out of 15 for adenocarcinoma, four out of nine for squamous carcinoma). Conclusion: The complete histological response rate to NCR in these patients compares favourably with previous studies, as does the postoperative mortality, but this was at the expense of substantial morbidity and was associated with long delays from diagnosis to operation. At present it is not possible to predict which patients will respond favourably to NCR and whether they will benefit with improved survival. © 2001 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd [source] Treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma with oxaliplatin and capecitabineCANCER, Issue 3 2004A Phase II trial Abstract BACKGROUND The current study was designed to evaluate the antitumor activity and toxicity of capecitabine and oxaliplatin in previously untreated patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. The primary endpoint of the study was to determine the objective response rate, and a secondary endpoint was to measure the time to disease progression. METHODS A 2-stage trial was planned with an accrual goal of 35 patients. The treatment included oxaliplatin given at a dose of 130 mg/m2 on Day 1 of each 3-week cycle. Initially, capecitabine at a dose of 2000 mg/m2/day in 2 divided doses was given on Days 1,14 of each cycle, but this was reduced to a dose of 1500 mg/m2/day because of toxicity. Patients were followed by computed tomography scans every two cycles to evaluate treatment response, and toxicity was monitored. RESULTS The first 13 patients on the trial received the higher dose of capecitabine. Although 5 responses (38.5%) were noted, 5 patients were hospitalized with diarrhea and dehydration. This toxicity led to a decrease in the dose of capecitabine to 1500 mg/m2/day and an additional 35 patients were treated. At the lower dose, the partial response rate was 37.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21.5,55.1%). The estimated median progression-free survival was 6.9 months (95% CI, 4.4,8.2 months). At the lower dose, four patients were hospitalized with diarrhea/dehydration (with one death reported), one with febrile neutropenia, and one with ventricular fibrillation. Overall, Grade (according to version 2.0 of the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria) 3-4 diarrhea was reported to develop in 20% of those patients treated at the capecitabine dose of 1500 mg/m2/day compared with 62% of patients treated at the dose of 2000 mg/m2/day. CONCLUSIONS The combination of oxaliplatin and capecitabine is an active and convenient regimen for the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma and should be compared with other front-line regimens as therapy for disease. Cancer 2004. © 2003 American Cancer Society. [source] Radiotherapy for extranodal, marginal zone, B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue originating in the ocular adnexaCANCER, Issue 4 2003A multiinstitutional, retrospective review of 50 patients Abstract BACKGROUND Due to the small number of patients and differences in the pathologic classification in most radiotherapy series, information regarding the adequacy of tumor control in patients with ocular-adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is limited. METHODS A multiinstitutional, retrospective study was performed on 50 patients with Stage IE ocular-adnexal MALT lymphoma who were treated with radiotherapy between 1989 and 1999. The impact of patient characteristics and other variables on tumor control was analyzed. RESULTS Responses to radiotherapy include a complete response (CR) in 26 patients, a partial response (PR) in 20 patients, and no change in 4 patients. Forty-nine of 50 patients obtained tumor control in the ocular adnexa at 24 months. Overall, 6 patients exhibited disease recurrence at 4,97 months. Three patients developed recurrence in the ocular adnexa. Two patients had isolated extranodal failure involving the oral floor and the submandibular gland, and one patient experienced failure in the neck lymph node. The initial tumor response had a marginal impact on the development of recurrence. None of the 26 patients who achieved a CR experienced ocular-adnexal recurrence. All three patients who experienced local treatment failure belonged to the initial PR group. In total, five of six patients who developed recurrent disease had obtained a PR after initial radiotherapy. Age, gender, tumor location, and dose of radiotherapy did not influence the development of recurrence. There was only one death due to lymphoma. The 5-year overall survival rate was 91% with a median follow-up of 46 months. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy offers excellent local control with a prolonged clinical course for patients with MALT lymphoma in the ocular adnexa. The initial response to radiotherapy marginally influenced the probability of recurrence. Cancer 2003;98:865,71. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11539 [source] Delays in the diagnosis of anorectal malformations are common and significantly increase serious early complicationsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2006Richard M Lindley Abstract Aim: To clarify the extent of delayed diagnosis of anorectal malformations and the consequences of delaying this diagnosis. Methods: We performed a retrospective case review of all neonatal admissions with an anorectal malformation to a tertiary paediatric surgery unit. A delayed diagnosis was considered to be one made 24 h or more after birth. Results: 75 patients were included in the study group: 31 (42%) had a delay in the diagnosis; 44 (58%) had no delay in the diagnosis. The time of diagnosis where a delay had occurred ranged from 2,16 (median 2) d. A delay in diagnosis could not be accounted for by differences in age, sex, birthweight, gestational age, the severity or visibility of the lesion, the need for neonatal special or intensive care, or the presence of other anomalies. There were significantly more complications (including one death) amongst the group of children who had a delay in the diagnosis of an anorectal malformation. There was no significant difference in long-term functional outcome. Conclusion: Delays in the diagnosis of anorectal malformations are much more common than previously thought. A delay in diagnosis significantly increases the risk of serious early complications and death. [source] The Instability of Organ Donation Decisions by Next-of-Kin and Factors That Predict ItAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 12 2008J. R. Rodrigue We examined the instability of organ donation decisions made by next-of-kin and factors that predict whether nondonors wish they had consented to donation. Next-of-kin of donor-eligible individuals from one organ procurement organization participated in a semistructured telephone interview. Participants were asked if they would make the same decision if they had to make it again today. Of the 147 next-of-kin donors, 138 (94%) would make the same decision again, 6 (4%) would not consent to donation and 3 (2%) were unsure. Of the 138 next-of-kin nondonors, 89 (64%) would make the same decision again, 37 (27%) would consent to donation and 12 (9%) were unsure. Regret among nondonors was more likely when the next-of-kin had more favorable transplant attitudes (OR = 1.76, CI = 1.15, 2.69), had the first donation discussion with a non-OPO professional (OR = 0.21, CI = 0.13, 0.65), were not told of their loved one's death before this discussion (OR = 0.23, CI = 0.10, 0.50), did not feel they were given enough time to make the decision (OR = 0.25, CI = 0.11, 0.55), had not discussed donation with family members (OR = 0.30, CI = 0.13, 0.72) and had not heard a public service announcement about organ donation (OR = 0.29, CI = 0.13, 0.67). Organ procurement organizations (OPOs) should consider targeting these variables in educational campaigns and donation request approaches. [source] | ||||||||||