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One Class (one + class)
Selected AbstractsCover Picture: Electrophoresis 14'2010ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 14 2010Article first published online: 21 JUL 2010 Issue no. 14 is a "mini special issue" on "Microscale Separation Methods for Metabolomics" comprising 9 manuscripts on metabolomics and 12 manuscripts on various topics in nucleic acids, biomarkers, proteomics, miniaturization, etc. Part I has 9 manuscripts on metabolomics featuring new technological developments and the potential of CE-MS, targeted analysis of one class of metabolites and non-targeted analysis, and data interpretation that is essential to acquire useful biological information. In short, the importance of CE and, generally, of microscale separation methods for metabolomics is rapidly increasing and the papers published in this issue give an overview of this field. Part II has 2 research papers on biomarkers while Part III is on various aspects of nucleic acids including but not limited to genotyping, PCR, SSCP, PCR and detection of DNA. Part IV describes various aspects of fundamentals and methodology in microfluidics, cell lysates by 2-DE, CE-LIF of plasmid DNA, whole blood assay of trypsin activity, etc. [source] Beyond English Literature A Level: The silence of the seminar?ENGLISH IN EDUCATION, Issue 3 2009A study of an undergraduate literary theory seminar Abstract This paper presents data from a doctoral study of the relationships between A Level English Literature and university English, a study which examines the experiences of one class of first year university English students. It argues that, whilst the socio-cultural emphases of literary study in the university have the potential to offer a great deal to students, full attention to the interplay between curriculum and pedagogy, and an understanding of the values and assumptions which students and lecturers bring to the literature classroom, are vital if students are to be genuinely engaged in the theoretical aspects of the discipline. [source] Inducing safer oblique trees without costsEXPERT SYSTEMS, Issue 4 2005Sunil Vadera Abstract: Decision tree induction has been widely studied and applied. In safety applications, such as determining whether a chemical process is safe or whether a person has a medical condition, the cost of misclassification in one of the classes is significantly higher than in the other class. Several authors have tackled this problem by developing cost-sensitive decision tree learning algorithms or have suggested ways of changing the distribution of training examples to bias the decision tree learning process so as to take account of costs. A prerequisite for applying such algorithms is the availability of costs of misclassification. Although this may be possible for some applications, obtaining reasonable estimates of costs of misclassification is not easy in the area of safety. This paper presents a new algorithm for applications where the cost of misclassifications cannot be quantified, although the cost of misclassification in one class is known to be significantly higher than in another class. The algorithm utilizes linear discriminant analysis to identify oblique relationships between continuous attributes and then carries out an appropriate modification to ensure that the resulting tree errs on the side of safety. The algorithm is evaluated with respect to one of the best known cost-sensitive algorithms (ICET), a well-known oblique decision tree algorithm (OC1) and an algorithm that utilizes robust linear programming. [source] Logistic Population Growth in the World's Largest CitiesGEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2006Gordon F. Mulligan This article demonstrates that recent population growth in the world's largest cities has conformed to the general parameters of the logistic process. Using data recently provided by the United Nations, logistic population growth for 485 million-person cities is analyzed at 5-year intervals during 1950,2010, with the UN projections for 2015 adopted as upper limits. A series of ordinary least-squares regression models of increasing complexity are estimated on the pooled data. In one class of models, the logarithms of population proportions are specified to be linear in time, which is the standard approach, but in a second class of models those proportions are specified as being quadratic. The most complex models control logistic growth estimates for (i) city-specific effects (e.g., initial population), (ii) nation-specific effects (e.g., economic development, age distribution of population), and (iii) global coordinates (for unobserved effects). Moreover, the results are segregated according to each city's membership in four different growth clubs, which was an important finding of previous research. [source] Microsatellite markers application on domesticated silkworm and wild silkwormINSECT SCIENCE, Issue 6 2005LIE ZHANG Abstract Twenty-seven sets of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were developed through hybridizing of (CA)n, (CT)n and (GT)n and sequencing the positive clones in libraries constructed by using p50 silkworm strain. Of those primer pairs, 26 sets of SSR primers amplified well in two regional wild silkworm strains. Ten domesticated silkworm strains and two regional wild silkworm strains were used for comparing the polymorphisms and for constructing a phylogenetic tree employing the UPGAM method. The result showed that the genetic distances within Japanese strains are closer than those of Chinese strains. And this result also implies that Japanese strains diverged from domesticated silkworm later than Chinese strains. According to the clustering result, the domesticated silkworm is firstly clustered in one class, but could be classified into two groups. Within a strain, the individual polymorphism of wild silkworm was significantly higher in abundance than those of domesticated silkworm. The S SR primers of domesticated silkworm could be used in genetic studies for wild silkworm. [source] Chloroquine resistance in the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparumMEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS, Issue 5 2002Lyann M.B. Ursos Abstract Malarial parasites remain a health problem of staggering proportions. Worldwide, they infect about 500 million, incapacitate tens of millions, and kill approximately 2.5 million (mostly children) annually. Four species infect humans, but most deaths are caused by one particular species, Plasmodium falciparum. The rising number of malarial deaths is due in part to increased drug resistance in P. falciparum. There are many varieties of antimalarial drug resistance, and there may very well be several molecular level contributions to each variety. This is because there are a number of different drugs with different mechanisms of action in use, and more than one molecular event may sometimes be relevant for resistance to any one class of drugs. Thus, "multidrug" resistance in a clinical setting likely entails complex combinations of overlapping resistance pathways, each specific for one class of drug, that then add together to confer the particular multidrug resistance phenotype. Nonetheless, rapid progress has been made in recent years in elucidating mechanisms of resistance to specific classes of antimalarial drugs. As one example, resistance to the antimalarial drug chloroquine, which has been the mainstay therapy for decades, is becoming well understood. This article focuses on recent advances in determining the molecular mechanism of chloroquine resistance, with particular attention to the biochemistry and biophysics of the P. falciparum digestive vacuole, wherein changes in pH have recently been found to be associated with chloroquine resistance. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 5, 465,491, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/med.10016 [source] Necessary and sufficient local convergence condition of one class of iterative aggregation,disaggregation methodsNUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS, Issue 4 2008Ivana Pultarová Abstract This paper concludes one part of the local convergence analysis of a certain class of iterative aggregation,disaggregation methods for computing a stationary probability distribution vector of an irreducible stochastic matrix B. We show that the local convergence of the algorithm is determined only by the sparsity pattern of the matrix and by the choice of the aggregation groups. We introduce the asymptotic convergence rates of the normalized components of approximations corresponding to particular aggregation groups and we also specify an upper bound on the rates. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Air cargo services in Asian industrialising economies: Electronics manufacturers and the strategic use of advanced producer services,PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2003John T. Bowen Jr. Advanced producer services; air cargo services; industrialising economies Abstract. The use of advanced producer services is critical to manufacturing firms in industrialising economies, but most research on such services has been situated in wealthy post-industrial economies. We examine the use of one class of advanced producer services , those provided by the air cargo industry , by manufacturers in Southeast Asia. The air cargo industry has grown rapidly in this region and plays an increasingly important intra- and interregional integrative role. We are interested specifically in the demand for knowledge-intensive advanced air cargo services, which include for instance time-definite express services, by electronics manufacturers in Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines. Employing several analytical approaches, we find that demand for advanced air cargo services is related to the degree to which a firm's operations are knowledge-intensive, its size, and the scope of its internationalisation. [source] Evidence that bcl-2 is the Target of Three Photosensitizers that Induce a Rapid Apoptotic Response,PHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001David Kessel ABSTRACT We originally proposed that the subcellular target for one class of photosensitizing agents was the mitochondrion. This classification was based on effects that occur within minutes of irradiation of photosensitized cells: rapid loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (,,m), release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and activation of caspase-3. These effects were followed by the appearance of an apoptotic morphology within 30,90 min. Fluorescence localization studies on three sensitizers initially classified as ,mitochondrial' revealed that these agents bind to a variety of intracellular membranes. The earliest detectable effect of photodamage is the selective loss of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2 leaving the proapoptotic protein bax undamaged. Bcl-2 photodamage can be detected directly after irradiation of cells at 10°C. Subsequent warming of cultures to 37°C results in loss of ,,m, release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3. The latter appears to amplify the other two effects. Based on results reported here we propose that the apoptotic response to these photosensitizers is derived from selective photodamage to the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2 while leaving the proapoptotic protein bax unaffected. [source] Fuel Cells, Advanced Reactors and Smart Catalysis: The Exploitation of Ceramic Ion-Conducting MembranesCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 8 2003I.S. Metcalfe Abstract Membrane reactors are of great interest in the chemical industries because they offer the possibility of improved yields, improved selectivities and more compact plant. However, a significant barrier to their uptake is the unavailability of membrane systems having the required performance at an acceptable cost. In this paper we will explore the use of one class of membrane that has the potential to deliver high performance at reasonable cost. Ion-conducting ceramic membranes can be used in a wide range of high temperature applications including fuel cells, advanced reactors and even smart catalytic systems. [source] Was wissen Calamari über Sarin?CHEMIE IN UNSERER ZEIT (CHIUZ), Issue 4 2006Enzymatische Dekontamination von Nervenkampfstoffen Abstract Die Dekontamination ist neben der Detektion und der Bereitstellung geeigneter Schutzausrüstung die dritte wichtige Säule in der ABC-Abwehr und im ABC-Schutz. Auf der Suche nach neuen und umweltschonenden Dekontaminationsmitteln spielen Enzyme eine wichtige Rolle. Als erstes wurde 1946 von organophosphatspaltenden Enzymen berichtet; in den nächsten Jahrzehnten wurden weitere Enzyme gegen Nervenkampfstoffe der G-Klasse entdeckt, darunter die DFPase. Nach der erfolgreichen Klonierung der Gensequenz der DFPase in den 90er Jahren wurde im Labor erstmals die generelle Eignung der Enzymtechnologie als ein sauberes und umweltschonendes Dekontaminationsmittel nachgewiesen. In den letzten Jahren zeigten technische Dekontaminationsexperimente mit der rekombinanten DFPase, dass die notwendigen Voraussetzungen für eine Umsetzung in ein technisches Dekontaminationskonzept geschaffen werden können und die Umsetzung eines Enzym-Dekontaminationskonzeptes für eine Klasse der chemischen Kampfstoffe möglich ist. Der Erfolg eines Gesamtkonzeptes für die enzymatische Dekontamination steht und fällt jedoch mit der Entdeckung weitere Enzyme gegen die anderen Klassen der chemischen Kampfstoffe wie Lost und VX. Together with detection and use of protective clothing, decontamination is the third important part in NBC defence and NBC protection. Enzymes play an important role in the research field of new and environmentally friendly decontaminants. In 1946, organophosphate cleaving enzymes were first mentioned, and in the next decades further enzymes (i.e., DFPase) against G-type nerve agents were discovered. After the cloning of the DFPase gene sequence in the 90s, the potential of DFPase as an environmentally friendly decontaminant was shown. In technical decontamination experiments, it was shown that the conditions for an enzyme-based decontamination concept could be met for one class of chemical agents. However, the success of a general enzyme decontamination concept depends on the discovery of new enzymes against other classes of chemical agents, i.e., mustard and VX. [source] | ||||||||||||||||