Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
One Branch (one + branch)
Selected AbstractsPancreatic Graft Survival Despite Partial Vascular Graft Thrombosis due to Splenocephalic AnastomosesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 4 2010C. Margreiter Thrombotic complications following pancreas transplantation are still the most common cause of nonimmunologic graft loss. The aim of this study was to analyze pancreatic graft function after partial arterial graft thrombosis and the investigation of the pancreatic arterial anatomy with regard to intraparenchymal anastomoses. We retrospectively analyzed the data for 175 consecutive pancreas transplants performed between January 2002 and October 2007. Selective Y-graft angiography was performed in 10 and rubber-milk injection in 5 fresh pancreas specimens. Thrombosis of one leg of the Y-graft was diagnosed in 18 (10.3%) patients. Only one of these patients with thrombosis of the splenic artery required exogenous insulin. Sufficient graft perfusion was demonstrated in all of the remaining grafts. One graft was lost due to acute rejection. In all specimens angiography showed an excellent perfusion of the pancreaticoduodenal arcade, even after selective cannulation of the splenic artery. Arterial collaterals between the gastroduodenal, splenic artery and the superior mesenteric artery were demonstrated. Our results demonstrate that global perfusion of the pancreatic graft and sufficient graft function is sustained after the thrombotic occlusion of one branch of the Y-graft by a complex system of intraparenchymal anastomoses. These anatomical findings may have consequences for resection strategies in pancreas surgery. [source] Haplotype analysis of the human ,2-HS glycoprotein (fetuin) geneANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 1 2001M. OSAWA Alpha2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), which is equivalent to fetuin in other species, is a protein found in human plasma. AHSG is polymorphic with two common alleles and many variants. To examine the intragenic haplotypes and their diversity at this locus, a contiguous genomic DNA sequence (10·3 kb) was analyzed in 20 samples (40 chromosomes), and haplotypes were determined for 309 subjects. Judging from the aligned nucleotide sequences and the conserved amino acid residues comparing human and chimpanzee AHSG, it was concluded that the type 1 allele is probably older and has evolved into four major suballeles. The type 2 allele was generated from one branch of the type 1 allele. AHSG*3 and *5 variants were each found to have a single nucleotide change in exon 7, resulting in the change of an amino acid residue from Arg299 to Cys and from Asp258 to Asn, respectively. It was noted that the AHSG*3 mutation gives rise to an additional cysteine residue, which possibly affects the conformation of the protein. The AHSG gene was found to have a low mutation rate and no apparent recombination events. Furthermore, the detected substitutions were nonhomogeneously distributed at this locus. In particular, four nonsynonymous substitutions were concentrated in the carboxyl-terminal domain. [source] Public-Private Partnerships: Governance Scheme or Language Game?AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 2010Graeme Hodge Accepting that there is much confusion in current debates about the use of public-private partnerships for public infrastructure projects, the article begins by considering the emergence of the ,PPP phenomenon' as a ,governance scheme' and as a ,language game'. The existence of several types of so-called PPPs, and motives for them, is noted, as are criticism of loose assumptions about them in the debates. The argument then focuses on private finance initiative (PFI) schemes as one branch of cross-sectoral mixing arrangements, and examines the benefits and costs of using this mechanism. The conclusion is a pessimistic one: in the PFI arrangement, the potential for the interests of the advocating government and the business partners to dominate over the public interest has been palpable. There is an urgent need to explore further the merit of these infrastructure ,partnerships' to ensure that they do advance the public interest. [source] Phylogeny of ,-proteobacteria: resolution of one branch of the universal tree?BIOESSAYS, Issue 5 2004James R. Brown The reconstruction of bacterial evolutionary relationships has proven to be a daunting task because variable mutation rates and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) among species can cause grave incongruities between phylogenetic trees based on single genes. Recently, a highly robust phylogenetic tree was constructed for 13 ,-proteobacteria using the combined alignments of 205 conserved orthologous proteins.1 Only two proteins had incongruent tree topologies, which were attributed to HGT between Pseudomonas species and Vibrio cholerae or enterics. While the evolutionary relationships among these species appears to be resolved, further analysis suggests that HGT events with other bacterial partners likely occurred; this alters the implicit assumption of ,-proteobacteria monophyly. Thus, any thorough reconstruction of bacterial evolution must not only choose a suitable set of molecular markers but also strive to reduce potential bias in the selection of species. BioEssays 26:463,468, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Nerve supply of the brachioradialis muscle: Surgically relevant variations of the extramuscular branches of the radial nerveCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2005Maria D. Latev Abstract The brachioradialis muscle is utilized in tendon-transfer operations, carried out for a variety of purposes. The extramuscular branches of the radial nerve to the brachioradialis were dissected and studied in 43 embalmed cadaveric specimens. The number of primary and secondary branches and the spatial locations of their origins and muscle-entry points was determined for each specimen. All distances were measured relative to the lateral epicondyle. A wide anatomic variation was observed in both the nerve branching pattern as well as the number and locations of muscle-entry points. A single primary nerve branch was found in 20 specimens, or 46.5% of the cases. On an average, single primary nerve branches arose from the radial nerve 30 mm proximal to the lateral epicondyle. In 16 of these cases, the primary branch splits into two to four secondary branches, and in four cases there was only one branch entering the muscle. Seventeen specimens had two primary branches whose origin points were separated by 5 to 40 mm with an average of 15 mm. In seven of these seventeen cases one or both of the primary branches split into secondary branches. Six specimens had three primary branches; the origin points of the most proximal and the most distal branch were separated by up to 30 mm with an average of 13 mm. Excluding the four cases with extensive fanning into multiple thin branches, the number of muscle-entry points ranged from 1 to 4 (mean 2.7). The locations of the muscle-entry points for all specimens were widespread ranging from 50 mm proximal and 40 mm distal to the lateral epicondyle with an average at 6 mm proximal to the lateral epicondyle. The greatest distance between muscle-entry points was 50 mm in a single specimen. In surgical procedures involving dissection of the brachioradialis muscle more proximal than 50 mm distal to the elbow, the extramuscular branch(es) of the radial nerve branches to the brachioradialis may be at risk. Clin. Anat. 18:488,492, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||