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One Allergen (one + allergen)
Selected AbstractsAugmentation of skin response by exposure to a combination of allergens and irritants , a reviewCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 5 2004Line Kynemund Pedersen Clinical experimental studies on contact dermatitis (CD) often evaluate the effect of one allergen or one irritant at a time. In real life, the skin is often exposed to more allergens, more irritants or allergens and irritants in combination. This combined exposure may potentially influence irritant effects as well as allergenicity of the substances. Mechanisms for a changed response can be immunological effects or enhanced penetration. Knowledge about the influence on skin reaction of combined exposures may influence skin reactivity and is important for prevention of CD. For allergens, threshold values may be influenced by the presence of other allergens or irritants, and prevention of CD by regulation of threshold values may not be sufficient if this is not taken into account. [source] Allergic contact dermatitis in 136 children patch tested between 2000 and 2006INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2009L. Mark Hammonds MD Background, Allergic contact dermatitis is often under-recognized in the pediatric population but it may affect greater than 20% of this age group. Methods, We conducted a retrospective review of the Mayo Rochester, Jacksonville and Arizona patch test database of all children 18 or younger over a 7-year period (January 1, 2000,December 31, 2006). Results, One-hundred thirty-six children were patch tested from age 3 to 18. Females constituted 66% of those tested and males 34%. Eighty percent of the children were equally distributed between age groups 11,15 and 16,18, with the remainder being 10 years or younger. Sixty-one percent of the children tested positive to at least one allergen. Fifty-three percent of these reactions were deemed to be of current relevance, 31% questionable relevance, 5% past relevance, and 10% not relevant. Males younger than 10 were most likely to have a positive patch test. However, the percent of positive tests in males decreased with increasing age. Females younger than age 10 were less likely to have a positive test than older females. The most common allergens were nickel, cobalt, gold, and thimerosal. Conclusion, In children suspected to have allergic contact dermatitis, 61% were confirmed to have a positive reaction to at least one allergen. The utility of patch testing children whose clinical presentation is suggestive for allergic contact dermatitis is high. [source] Relationship between pretreatment specific IgE and the response to omalizumab therapyALLERGY, Issue 12 2009U. Wahn Background:, Omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody, has proven efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe and severe persistent allergic (IgE-mediated) asthma. While previous analyses have had some limited success in predicting which patients will gain greatest benefit based on pretreatment baseline characteristics, it remains important to try to improve this predictability. Methods:, Following a run-in phase, patients (12,75 years) inadequately controlled despite current therapy were randomized to receive omalizumab or placebo for 28 weeks in a double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study (INNOVATE). Univariate analyses were performed to assess whether pretreatment specific IgE serum levels and related variables could be identified that were predictive of a response to omalizumab patients (n = 337) enrolled in INNOVATE. Response was measured via variables including exacerbations, QoL, FEV1 and physicians' overall assessment. Results:, A total of 305 patients (90.5%) were sensitive to more than one allergen and the majority of patients were positive to D1 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D2 Dermatophagoides farinae. Patients with relatively high values of D1 or D2, but with these making a relatively low contribution to total specific IgE load, appeared to attain most benefit from omalizumab. However, no consistent predictive effect for omalizumab response was observed either for total specific IgE or levels of IgEs specific for individual allergens. Conclusions:, Based on these data, pretreatment allergen-specific IgE levels do not provide any better prediction of response to treatment as compared with pretreatment total IgE. At present, the most reliable method of identifying patients who respond to omalizumab treatment remains a physician's assessment. [source] Prevalence of allergy, patterns of allergic sensitization and allergy risk factors in rural and urban childrenALLERGY, Issue 9 2007B. Majkowska, Wojciechowska Background:, We aimed to compare the prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization in children living in urban and rural areas and to identify potential risk/protection factors associated with allergy. Methods:, School children 12,16 years old, from urban community (n = 201) and rural area (n = 203) were recruited. The data obtained by questionnaire were referred to doctors' diagnosis, skin prick tests (SPTs), and serum specific and total IgE assessment. Results:, The prevalence of allergic diseases in urban children was significantly higher as compared with rural children [asthma 16.42%vs 1.97% (P < 0.001) allergic rhinitis 38.81%vs 10.84% (P < 0.001)]. Positive SPTs to at least one allergen was found in 63.7% of urban and 22.7% rural children (P < 0.001). Significantly higher percentage of allergic rural than urban children were monosensitized or sensitized to 2,4 allergens, but almost a fourfold higher percentage of allergic urban children was found to be sensitized to five or more allergens (P < 0.0001). The history of frequent upper respiratory factor (URT) infections, antibiotic therapy, tonsiltectomy/adenoidectomy were positively associated with development of atopy and sensitization. Conclusion:, Our findings confirm that residence of rural area is associated with a significant lower prevalence of allergic sensitization and symptoms in school children. Several risk and protective factors related to environment and style of life could be identified in both environments. [source] | ||||||||||