Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
One Adult (one + adult)
Terms modified by One Adult Selected AbstractsImplantation of the Ossified Cochlea: Management with the Split Electrode ArrayTHE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 12 2005D A. Millar BS Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: To describe indications for, the surgical technique required, and the expected functional results of split electrode array cochlear implants. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: Data collected included etiology of deafness, radiographic findings, pre- and postoperative aided pure tone thresholds, and speech perception testing. Adult speech perception outcomes were measured using the Consonant Nucleus Consonant (CNC) monosyllable words and Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) in quiet/noise (+10dB). The children were assessed using the Infants and Toddlers Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale. Results: Five patients were implanted with a split electrode array. This included two adults and three children. Both adults had preoperative binaural aided pure tone averages worse than 50d B and scores of 0% on both HINT quiet and CNC words. The children had undetectable preoperative aided thresholds and scored an average 4/40 on the IT-MAIS. Postimplant, the average threshold gain was 38.5 dB in the adults and 81.5 dB in the children. One adult improved to score 51%/22% on HINT quiet/noise at 6 months and 72%/30% at 12 months. The other adult continued to score 0% on HINT at 12 months but claimed substantial subjective auditory improvement after the first year of device use. The children averaged 28/40 on the IT MAIS at 6 months after implantation. Forty-two of 48 implanted electrodes were functional. Conclusions: The split electrode array is a useful alternative to traditional cochlear implants in treating deafened patients with cochlear ossification. Patients implanted with the split array show marked improvement in sound and speech perception. [source] Adult and peer influences on starling song developmentDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Aline Bertin Abstract Adult influence on song development was rarely investigated in complex social settings. We investigated the influence of the young/adult ratio on song learning in European starlings. Starling songs are composed of two categories: whistles and warbling. Warbling includes three parts: complex variable motifs, click motifs, and high frequency motifs. Song learning by young birds raised in group (G birds), in group with adults (GT birds) or in pair with one adult (IT birds) were compared. Song tutor choice, song sharing, and song quality varied with social context. The mere presence of adults in a group was not sufficient for young to develop all adult song features. Only IT birds chose adults as tutors. Social contact with only one adult enhanced acquisition of whistles, click motifs, individuality, and reduced the number of high frequency motifs (adult song features). This study suggests that the adult influence is proportional to young/adult ratio. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 362,374, 2007. [source] Case study of a one-sided attack by multiple troop members on a nontroop adolescent male and the death of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 4 2009Masaki Shimada Abstract An adolescent wild male Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), following Kinkazan A troop, was attacked one-sidedly by multiple members of the troop. The victim was identified as PI, and was estimated to be seven±one year old. The aggressive interaction was recorded by video camera until the end. Although at least 16 troop members approached PI more than once, only three males (one adult, two adolescents) of A troop attacked him. PI kept crouching throughout the attack, then escaped to the shore and dived into the sea. The interaction continued for more than one hour. PI was found dead a few hours after the end of interaction. The damage caused by the assailants was not the direct cause of PI's death; it was due to hypothermia caused by drifting in the sea. PI's life history was reconstructed from past records. PI was a normal adolescent male who migrated from an all-male group around B1 troop and started ranging around A troop. The aggressive interaction is believed to be a typical example of conflict between troop males and a nontroop male. The interaction period was very long compared with previous reports on such conflicts among Japanese macaques. PI kept crouching in open areas, exposing himself as a potential competitor for the resources of the troop, and did not show any submissive or reconciliatory behavior toward the troop males. This may be why the troop males did not stop the attack. Aggr. Behav. 35:334,341, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Management of cor triatriatum dexter by balloon dilatation in three dogsJOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2004M. Stafford Johnson Two dogs, one immature and one adult, were presented with a history of progressive ascites. In a third, immature dog, increasing exercise intolerance had been noted. Echocardiography demonstrated a partition in the right atrium (cor triatriatum dexter) and echocontrast studies documented normal flow from the cranial vena cava into the right atrium and ventricle. A saphenous vein contrast study demonstrated flow from the caudal vena cava into an accessory right atrial chamber (sinus venarum). The sinus venarum communicated with the true right atrium via a small defect in the atrial membrane in one dog, and additionally with the left atrium via a right-to- left shunting foramen ovale in the other dogs. All defects were visualised on angiographic studies by selective catheterisation of the caudal vena cava via the femoral vein. Balloon dilatation of the defect was then performed using a small followed by a larger balloon angioplasty catheter to enlarge the defect in the atrial membrane. Clinical signs improved within days and were sustained in the long term in all cases. [source] Immunoexpression of Aromatase in Immature and Adult Males of the European Bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus 1758)REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 2 2010I Kopera Contents Based on recent literature dealing with the role of oestrogens in the male gonad, attempts were undertaken to reveal the site of aromatization within the testis of the European bison (Bison bonasus). Testes were collected from culled animals living in free-ranging populations in Bialowieza Forest, Poland (nine males aged 8 months to 10 years). Moreover, to check for any alterations in the expression of testicular aromatase between American bison (Bison bison) and European bison, testes from one adult 10-year-old individual were also chosen for this study. For immunohistochemistry, 4% formaldehyde fixative was used. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of immunohistochemical staining were performed. Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and germ cells exhibited a positive immunoreaction for aromatase in testes of immature and sexually mature bison. A marked increase in aromatase expression was observed in three adult European individuals with impaired spermatogenesis. Consistent with recent data and those of our own, it might be suggested that the strong expression of aromatase negatively affects spermatogenic function in bison testes and may serve as a possible explanation of specific sperm defects observed in European bison bulls. On the contrary, one cannot exclude that differences in the aromatase immunoexpression levels are attributed to the homozygosity, the cause of frequent disease in European bison. [source] A healthy diet consistent with Australian health recommendations is too expensive for welfare-dependent familiesAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 6 2009Christine Kettings Abstract Objective: Examine the cost of healthy food habits for welfare-dependent families in Australia. Method: A seven-day meal plan was developed, based on Australian public health recommendations, for two typical welfare-dependent families: a couple-family (two adults, two children) and a one-parent family (one adult, two children). The cost of the meal plan was calculated using market brand and generic brand grocery items, and total cost compared to income. Results: In Australia, the cost of healthy food habits uses about 40% of the disposable income of welfare-dependent families. Families earning an average income would spend only 20% of their disposable income to buy the same healthy food. Substituting generic brands for market brands reduced the weekly food cost by about 13%. This is one of few economic models to include generic brands. Conclusion: Compared with average-income Australian families, healthy food habits are a fiscal challenge to welfare-dependent families. Implications: These results provide a benchmark for economic and social policy analysis, and the influence disposable income has on prioritising healthy food habits. [source] Impact of pinna compression on the RF absorption in the heads of adult and juvenile cell phone usersBIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 5 2010Andreas Christ Abstract The electromagnetic exposure of cell phone users depends on several parameters. One of the most dominant of these is the distance between the cell phone and the head tissue. The pinna can be regarded as a spacer between the top of the phone and the head tissue. The size of this spacer has not yet been systematically studied. The objective of this article is to investigate the variations of distance as a function of age of the exposed person, and the mechanical force on the pinna and how it affects the peak spatial specific absorption rate (psSAR). The distances were measured for adults and children (6,8 years of age) while applying a well-defined force on the pinna using a custom-developed measurement device. The average distances of the pinnae to the heads and their standard deviations showed no major differences between the two age groups: 10.5,±,2.0,mm for children (6,8 years) and 9.5,±,2.0,mm for adults. The pinnae of our anatomical high-resolution head models of one adult and two children were transformed according to the measurement results. The numerical exposure analysis showed that the reduced distance due to the pinna compression can increase the maximum 10,g psSAR by approximately 2,dB for adults and children, if the exposure maximum is associated with the upper part of the phone. Bioelectromagnetics 31:406,412, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Reducing Suicidal Ideation in Depressed Older Primary Care PatientsJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 10 2006Jürgen Unützer MD OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of a primary care,based collaborative care program for depression on suicidal ideation in older adults. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Eighteen diverse primary care clinics. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand eight hundred one adults aged 60 and older with major depression or dysthymia. INTERVENTION: Participants randomized to collaborative care had access to a depression care manager who supported antidepressant medication management prescribed by their primary care physician and offered a course of Problem Solving Treatment in Primary Care for 12 months. Participants in the control arm received care as usual. MEASUREMENTS: Participants had independent assessments of depression and suicidal ideation at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Depression was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (SCID). Suicidal ideation was determined using the SCID and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist. RESULTS: At baseline, 139 (15.3%) intervention subjects and 119 (13.3%) controls reported thoughts of suicide. Intervention subjects had significantly lower rates of suicidal ideation than controls at 6 months (7.5% vs 12.1%) and 12 months (9.8% vs 15.5%) and even after intervention resources were no longer available at 18 months (8.0% vs 13.3%) and 24 months (10.1% vs 13.9%). There were no completed suicides in either group. Information on suicide attempts or hospitalization for suicidal ideation was not available. CONCLUSION: Primary care,based collaborative care programs for depression represent one strategy to reduce suicidal ideation and potentially the risk of suicide in older primary care patients. [source] | ||||||||||