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Offspring Study (offspring + study)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Heritability of left atrial size in the Tecumseh population

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 7 2002
P. Palatini
Abstract Background ,Little is known about the determinants of atrial size, and no study has analyzed whether genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of LA enlargement. Materials and methods We studied the heritability of echocardiographic left atrial size in 290 parents from the Tecumseh Blood Pressure Study and 251 children from the Tecumseh Offspring Study. All data from the parents and children were obtained at the same field office in Tecumseh, USA. Left atrial dimension was determined echocardiographically in accordance with American Society of Echocardiography guidelines with the use of leading-edge-to-leading-edge measurements of the maximal distance between the posterior aortic root wall and the posterior left atrial wall at end systole. Results For correlation between the left atrial dimensions of the parents and their offspring, several models were generated to adjust the atrial dimensions in both groups for an increasing number of clinical variables. After removing the effect of age, gender, height, weight, skinfold thickness, and systolic blood pressure, parent,child correlation for left atrial size was 0·19 (P = 0·007). Further adjustment for left ventricular mass and for measuring left ventricular diastolic function increased the correlation to 0·25 (P = 0·001). Conclusions ,The present data indicate that heredity can explain a small but definite proportion of the variance in left atrial dimension. [source]

Low vitamin K status is associated with osteoarthritis in the hand and knee,

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 4 2006
Tuhina Neogi
Objective Poor intake of vitamin K is common. Insufficient vitamin K can result in abnormal cartilage and bone mineralization. Furthermore, osteophyte growth, seen in osteoarthritis (OA), may be a vitamin K,dependent process. We undertook this study to determine whether vitamin K deficiency is associated with radiographic features of OA. Methods We conducted an analysis among 672 participants (mean age 65.6 years, 358 women) in the Framingham Offspring Study, a population-based prospective observational cohort. Levels of plasma phylloquinone (the primary form of vitamin K) had previously been measured in these participants, for whom we also had bilateral hand and knee radiographs. The main outcomes were 1) prevalence ratios (PRs) of OA, osteophytes, and joint space narrowing (JSN) per quartile of plasma phylloquinone level for each joint, adjusting for correlated joints using generalized estimating equations, and 2) adjusted mean number of joints with each feature per quartile of plasma phylloquinone level. Analyses were conducted in hands and knees separately and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, total energy intake, plasma vitamin D, and femoral neck bone mineral density. Results The PRs for OA, osteophytes, and JSN and adjusted mean number of joints with all 3 features in the hand decreased significantly with increasing plasma phylloquinone levels (P , 0.03 for all). For example, as plasma phylloquinone levels rose, the PR for hand OA decreased from 1.0 to 0.7 (P = 0.005). For the knee, only the PR for osteophytes and the adjusted mean number of knee joints with osteophytes decreased significantly with increasing plasma phylloquinone levels (PR decreased from 1.0 to 0.6, P = 0.01). Conclusion These observational data support the hypothesis of an association between low plasma levels of vitamin K and increased prevalence of OA manifestations in the hand and knee. [source]

Familial factors in diabetic nephropathy: an offspring study

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 3 2006
E. Agius
Abstract Aims Familial clustering of diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes suggests that inherited factors predispose to diabetic nephropathy, but the nature of these factors is uncertain. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of known risk factors for nephropathy in non-diabetic offspring of Type 2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy and in control subjects. Methods Three groups of patients were recruited with 40 or 41 subjects in each group. These were subjects having one Type 2 diabetic parent with nephropathy (DN); subjects having one parent with Type 2 diabetes without nephropathy (DnoN), and non-diabetic unrelated control subjects with no personal or parental history of diabetes (Control subjects). Results The median (interquartile range) albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was 1.40 (0.96,2.90) mg/mmol in DN; 0.94 (0.50,1.46) mg/mmol in DnoN and 1.22 (0.66,1.83) mg/mmol in Controls (anova: P = 0.03). ACR was higher in group DN than in DnoN (P < 0.006) and in Control subjects (P < 0.03), but there was no difference between DnoN and Control subjects. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring showed mean daytime systolic blood pressure to be significantly higher in group DN than in DnoN (P < 0.02) or Control subjects (P < 0.01) (anova: P = 0.004). Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were similar in the three groups. Conclusion Our data provide further evidence that genetic factors are important in determining urinary albumin excretion and renal disease associated with Type 2 diabetes and suggest that genes that affect systemic arterial blood pressure but not those relating to insulin resistance or inflammation are likely to be implicated. [source]

Comparison of high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol subclasses and sizes in asian indian women with caucasian women from the framingham offspring study

CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 5 2005
Narendra C. Bhalodkar M.D.
Abstract Background: Asian Indian women have a higher rate of coronary artery disease (CAD) than do other ethnic groups, despite similar conventional risk factors and lipid profiles. Smaller high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) particle size is associated with reduced cardiac protection or even an increased risk of CAD. Exceptional longevity correlates better with larger HDL-C particle sizes. Hypothesis: Higherrates of CAD among Asian Indian women may partly be explained by the differenes in the prevalence of atherogenic HDL-C and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) sizes and their subclass concentrations among Asian Indian women compared with Caucasian women. Methods: We measured HDL-C concentrations and sizes by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 119 relatively healthy Asian Indian women and compared them with those of 1,752 Caucasian women from the Framingham Off spring Study (FOS). Results: Asian Indian women were significantly younger (47.9 ± 11.2 vs.51.0 ± 10.1 years, p = 0.0001), leaner (body mass index 24.0 ± 4.7 vs. 26.0 ± 5.6, p = <0.0002), less likely to be postmenopausal (32 vs. 54%, p =< 0.0001), or smoke (< 1 vs. 20%, p = < 0.0001);nevertheless, prevalence of CAD was higher in Asian Indian women (4.2 vs. 1%, p = 0.0006). Asian Indian women had similar HDL-C (53 ±13 vs. 53 ± 13 mg/dl, p = 0.99), smaller HDL-C particle size (8.9 ± 0.35 vs. 9.4 ± 0.44 nm, p = < 0.0001), highertotal cholesterol (209 ± 40 vs. 199 ± 42 mg/dl, p = 0.01), and similar triglyceride (120 ± 77 vs. 108 ± 110 mg /d, p = 0.24) levels. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, particle concentrations and sizes, as well as prevalence of pattern B were similar. Conclusions: Compared with the FOS, Asian Indian women have significantly smaller overall HDL particle size and similar levels of HDL-C, which may reflect impaired, reverse cholesterol transport. Total cholesterol was higher, whereas triglyceride and LDL-C levels were similar. This may partly explain the higher CAD rates in Asian Indian women. Further large scale, prospective, long-term studies are warranted. [source]