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Occupational Prestige (occupational + prestige)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Persistent Advantage or Disadvantage?: Evidence in Support of the Intergenerational Drag Hypothesis

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001
William Darity
By utilizing the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) and a measure of occupational prestige (OCCSCORE) as a labor market outcome, the authors examine variations in the degree of labor market discrimination faced by several ethnic and racial groups in the United States between 1880 and 1990. Results demonstrate that the sharpest decline in labor market discrimination against blacks occurred between 1960 and 1980. For black males the extent of labor market discrimination was greater in all census years in IPUMS after 1880 until 1970, evidence contradicting the conventional expectation that market-based discrimination will decline progressively over time by dint of competitive pressure. Finally, after replicating George Borjas' "ethnic capital" exercise, the authors pool the 1880, 1900, and 1910 data to determine the relative magnitude of a group's gains and losses in occupational prestige due to group advantage or disadvantage in human capital endowments and due to favorable or unfavorable treatment (nepotism or discrimination) of those endowments in the labor market. The authors then examine statistically whether the group human capital advantage or disadvantage and group exposure to nepotism or discrimination at the turn of the century affects labor market outcomes for their descendants today. Results indicate strong effects of the past on present labor market outcomes. Hence, the essence of the study is the statistical demonstration that there are significant and detectable effects on current generations of the labor market experiences of their racial/ethnic ancestors. [source]

Occupational Trajectories of Legal US Immigrants: Downgrading and Recovery

POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 3 2008
Ilana Redstone Akresh
Data from the New Immigrant Survey 2003 are examined to analyze trajectories in occupational prestige between the last job abroad and the first US job and from the first US job to the current US job for a select sample of men and women. Incorporating the first job in the United States overcomes an important limitation faced by many previous studies that were generally restricted to a comparison of the last job abroad and the US job as measured at the time of the survey. Distinctions are made between class-of-admission groups, since the trajectories toward labor market success vary systematically along that dimension. Consistent with a model of immigrant occupational assimilation, all preference groups show a U-shaped adjustment pattern with, on average, initial downgrading followed by subsequent ascension. However, although all groups exhibit a similar pattern, the trough of the U is deepest for refugees, who also experience the steepest subsequent upward climb. [source]

Self-Esteem and Extrinsic Career Success: Test of a Dynamic Model

APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2008
John D. Kammeyer-Mueller
It has been proposed that one's self-esteem is both a cause and a consequence of one's extrinsic career success, but empirical research examining the direction of these effects is lacking. We tested a model which examines the relationships among self-esteem, education, occupational prestige, and income over a span of seven years during early careers. We use social identity theory to propose that self-esteem will be affected by extrinsic career success, and self-consistency theory to propose that extrinsic career success will be affected by self-esteem. Our results, based on a cross-lagged regression design, suggest that self-esteem increases occupational prestige (,= .22), and income (,= .22), but career outcomes did not alter self-esteem. Implications of these results for the study of self-esteem and careers are explored. Que l'estime de soi d'une personne soit à la fois une cause et une conséquence de son succès externe en termes de carrière est établi, mais les recherches empiriques examinant la direction de ces effets manquent. Nous testons un modèle examinant les relations entre l'estime de soi, l'éducation, le prestige professionnel et le revenu sur une durée de 7 ans à partir du début de carrière. Nous nous référons à la théorie de l'identité sociale pour montrer que l'estime de soi est affectée par un succès externe intervenant dans la carrière, et la théorie de consistance de soi pour montrer que ce succès externe est affecté par l'estime de soi. Nos résultats, basés sur une analyse de régression croisée, montrent que l'estime de soi accroît le prestige professionnel (b = .22) et les revenus (b = .22), mais les résultats relatifs à la carrière n'affectent pas l'estime de soi. Les implications de ces résultats pour l'étude de l'estime de soi et de la carrière sont explorées. [source]

Socioeconomic indicators and prosthetic replacement of missing teeth in a working-age population,Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
Torsten Mundt
Abstract,,, Objectives:, To analyse the possible effects of the socioeconomic status (SES) on the prosthetic replacement of missing teeth in working-age people and to explore the role of potential confounders. Methods:, Cross-sectional data were collected from 2310 German adults aged 30,59 years. The relationship between each of the three SES indicators (education, income, and occupational status) and dental prostheses were examined by multinomial logistic regression analyses. For that, partially dentate participants with suboptimal and no replacement of missing teeth were compared with partially dentate participants having optimal replacement. Potential confounders (age, sex, dental status, social network and social support) were entered if their inclusion in the model led to ,10% change in the coefficient of interest. Results:, Social network and social support did not meet the criterion for confounding. In the maxilla, having no replacement was positively associated with lower categories for each of the three SES indicators [Odds ratios (OR) between 1.6 and 2.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI) between 1.1 and 3.4]. Low occupational status was the single predictor for suboptimal dental prostheses (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.6,6.2). In the mandible, occupational status showed no association with the prosthetic status, whereas low educational level and low household income were determinants for having no replacement (OR = 1.9 and 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0,3.5 and 1.1,3.0, respectively). Low household income was the single determinant for suboptimal replacement of missing teeth (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1,5.2). Conclusion:, The findings may indicate the relevance of the financing of prosthodontic treatment. The strong association between various forms of upper dentures and occupational prestige can be seen as key contributing concept to how individuals, characteristics affect the outcome in prosthodontic care. [source]