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Occupational Performance (occupational + performance)
Terms modified by Occupational Performance Selected AbstractsA study of critical reasoning in online learning: application of the Occupational Performance Process ModelOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2009Anita Witt Mitchell Abstract This study examined the effect of an online guided independent study on critical reasoning skills. Twenty-one first-semester Master of Occupational Therapy students completed an online assignment designed to facilitate application of the Occupational Performance Process Model (Fearing & Clark) and kept reflective journals. Data from the journals were analyzed in relation to the three sets of questions, question type and results of the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA). This assignment appeared to be effective for enhancing awareness and use of critical reasoning skills. Differences in patterns of critical reasoning between students with high and low WGCTA scores and results of an inductive analysis of the journal entries are discussed. Future research investigating the types of feedback that effectively facilitate development of critical reasoning and whether students with high and low WGCTA scores might benefit from different types of instruction and/or feedback is recommended. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The application of client-centred occupational therapy for Korean children with developmental disabilities,OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2008Dae Hyuk Kang Abstract The aim of this paper was to investigate the effectiveness of client-centred occupational therapy using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Eight girls and 23 boys from Korea, with developmental disabilities and from 3 to 10 years of age participated in this study. Each child participated in 20 to 24 sessions of client-centred occupational therapy. Both the COPM and the AMPS change scores demonstrated statistically significant improvement (p < 0.01) in occupational performance. Significant correlations were found between COPM , Performance and AMPS , Motor skills (rs = 0.64, p < 0.05), and COPM , Satisfaction and AMPS , Process skills (rs = 0.62, p < 0.05) in a group positive towards client-centred occupational therapy. The COPM was a valuable tool in guiding and measuring the client-centred occupational therapy for children with developmental disabilities. The small sample size of 31 children limits the generalizability of the study's results. Future research needs to use a larger and more diverse sample of children to further validate the effectiveness of client-centred occupational therapy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A comparison of Canadian and Australian paediatric occupational therapistsOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2005AccOT Senior Lecturer, BScOT(Hons), Dr. G. Ted Brown PhD, OT(C) Abstract Paediatric occupational therapists were surveyed regarding their practices in Canada and Australia. Two hundred and eighty-nine Canadian occupational therapists and 330 Australian occupational therapists participated representing response rates of 28.9% and 55% respectively. The majority of respondents were female (98%), between 30 and 49 years of age (69%), had a bachelor's degree, worked on average 10.5 years in paediatrics and spent well over 50% of their work time in direct client care. The largest client diagnostic groups in both countries were those with developmental delays, learning disabilities and neurological disorders. Diagnostic groups were used as an organizing framework to portray theory, assessment and intervention use. Overall, the theoretical models cited most frequently in both countries were: Sensory Integration, Sensory Processing/Sensory Diet, Client-Centred Practice, and Occupational Performance Model. Australian therapists employed the Occupational Performance Model (Australia) for all groups, while it was rarely utilized in Canada. Common assessment tools in both Australia and Canada were the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration, and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Intervention methods focused on: parental/care-giver education; activities of daily living/self-care skills training; client education; environmental modification; assistive devices; sensory integration techniques; sensory stimulation and sensory diet treatment methods; and neurodevelopmental techniques. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Reliability and validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure for clients with psychiatric disorders in TaiwanOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2003Dr Ay-Woan Pan Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) in Taiwanese clients with psychiatric disorders. The COPM was translated into Mandarin and tested on 141 Taiwanese clients. The average age of the clients was 35.6 years; 94% were diagnosed with schizophrenia. The results of the study showed that the test,retest reliability of the COPM was r=0.842. The COPM identified occupational performance problems that included self-care (37%), productivity (25%), and leisure occupations (20%). Fifty percent of the therapists were receptive in adapting the client-centred approach and applying the COPM in their clinical practice. It was concluded that the COPM can be applied reliably to Taiwanese clients. Furthermore, the COPM was valuable in identifying information related to occupational performance that could not be identified elsewhere. Since 50% of the therapists felt reluctant about the appropriateness of the client-centred approach in their culture, it was important to examine the gap between clients' judgements and actual performance, as well as to evaluate the feasibility of the client-centred concept in clinical practice. Finally, the concept of the client-centred approach needs to be disseminated and communicated to the occupational therapy profession in order that the COPM can be adequately applied in mental health practice. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Family-centred outcome measurement following paediatric strokeAUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010Jane Galvin Background/aim:,Therapy programmes aim to provide services that are family-centred and address the specific needs of children. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting system (PEGS) are two measures that are available to assist in determining therapy priorities for children and their parents; however, the use of these measures has not been documented for children who have sustained a stroke. This project aimed to describe the functional concerns identified by children and their parents following paediatric stroke. Methodology:,A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 26 children were recruited from a paediatric stroke outpatient clinic, and functional concerns were identified using either the COPM or the PEGS. Results:,Children and their parents identified similar issues. Of the 26 participants, 23 (88.5%) reported ongoing functional concerns at three months or more following stroke, whereas three participants did not identify any ongoing functional concerns. Functional concerns were grouped into categories of self-care, productivity and leisure as outlined in the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance. Concerns were identified across all functional domains by both children and their parents. Conclusions:,The COPM and PEGS provided useful information about functional issues that are important to children and their parents following paediatric stroke. Use of these client-centred measures provides an opportunity to better understand the impact of paediatric stroke on children's functional abilities, and allows greater scope for service provision and planning for this group of children. [source] Cognitive strategy use by children with Asperger's syndrome during intervention for motor-based goalsAUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009Sylvia Rodger Background:,Cognitive Orientation for (daily) Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a cognitive approach utilised by occupational therapists to help guide children in the discovery of appropriate strategies for effective task performance through a structured problem-solving process. There has been limited research into its utility for children with Asperger's syndrome (AS). These children often present with motor difficulties, although these are not required for diagnosis of the syndrome. A recent study found that children with AS were able to use the CO-OP framework to enhance their performance of motor-based goals. Methods:,This paper presents two case studies demonstrating the use of CO-OP with children with AS, and explores the global and domain-specific strategies and types of guidance utilised to improve their task performance. Two children with AS, aged 9 and 11, with above average intellectual ability, engaged in 10 sessions of CO-OP. All sessions were videotaped. One hundred minutes of randomly selected footage were coded per child using the Observer Software Package version 5.0. Results:,The mean interrater agreement for the two children was 94.06% and 89.30%. Both children (i) utilised the global strategies ,do', followed by ,plan' and ,check', (ii) used at least three domain-specific strategies in each session with ,task specification/modification' and ,body position' utilised most, and (iii) used limited verbal self-guidance. Conclusion:,These two children with AS were able to utilise cognitive strategies to effectively solve their motor performance problems. Children with AS and those with DCD used similar strategies to achieve motor goals. CO-OP appears to have potential as an effective intervention for children with AS. Study limitations, clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed. [source] Occupational performance in older stroke wheelchair users living at homeOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2001Dr Denise T Reid Professor, Faculty of Medicine Abstract This research aimed to identify problems in occupational performance experienced by survivors of stroke who used a wheelchair, both from their perspective and from the perspective of their caregivers. Sixteen stroke survivors over the age of 65 years who had used a prescribed wheelchair for at least one year, who lived in their own home, who were able to participate in a conversational interview and who had a caregiver willing to participate comprised the sample. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used to identify occupational performance problems and to measure stroke survivors' and caregivers' perceptions of performance. The Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF) was also used to evaluate the functional performance of stroke survivors from the caregivers' perspective. The frequency and type of problems identified by the COPM were descriptively analysed and compared for both groups. The results of Mann-Whitney U tests showed no differences in the frequency of self-care, productivity and leisure problems reported between the two groups. Within-group comparisons using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed that stroke survivors identified significantly more self-care problems than productivity-type problems (p=0.001), and more leisure problems than productivity problems (p=0.013). Caregivers identified significantly more self-care problems than productivity problems (p=0.001). The most common self-care problems reported by both stroke survivors and caregivers were dressing and bathing. Results suggest a high level of functional disability among the stroke survivors. There was a significant correlation between the score on the SMAF Instrumental Activities of Daily Living subscale and the frequency of caregiver assistance (r=0.747, p=0.001). Addressing the perspectives of both stroke survivors who are wheelchair users and their caregivers in identifying occupational performance problems at home is important for occupational therapists for planning home-based intervention. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] A retrospective audit exploring the use of relaxation as an intervention in oncology and palliative careEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 5 2008J. MILLER The benefits of relaxation in cancer care have been well documented within the literature, with the majority of research being undertaken by nursing professionals. However, evidence of the effectiveness of relaxation interventions by occupational therapists is lacking. Occupational therapists are in an ideal situation to provide information and practical relaxation sessions. Athough in numerical terms, the outcome of relaxation interventions is small, functional outcome related to quality of life and independence in activities of daily living is immeasurable. This article reports the findings of a retrospective audit exploring relaxation-specific referrals to occupational therapy, and identifies effectiveness of a variety of different techniques currently employed within this specific programme. Patients with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer were the most frequently seen, and this prevalence is reflected in current national statistics. Similarly, those between 50 and 59 years of age comprised the largest group. Guided visualization was the most commonly used technique, although there appeared to be very little change in perceived tension between all the techniques. Further study of the impact relaxation has on occupational performance would be worthwhile. [source] Post-stroke fatigue: qualitative study of three focus groupsOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2010Nancy A. Flinn Abstract Fatigue affects many persons after cerebrovascular accident, particularly those with mild stroke. A qualitative methodology using focus groups with 19 community-living post-stroke survivors was utilized to explore the occupational impact of fatigue as communicated by the participants. Although self-report of a small sample of the United States' post-stroke population will have limitations in generalizability, this study identifies specific health-related quality of life issues that can occur with post-stroke fatigue. The participants felt unprepared for the fatigue phenomenon and struggled to adapt, with fatigue having a debilitating influence upon daily occupational performance and roles, including social participation, return to work, driving, reading and sleeping. The participants indicated that exercise (such as walking and water aerobics) and use of assistive technology were helpful strategies in reducing fatigue. The occupational performance and role impact identified by participants in this study can inform the design of effective occupational therapy interventions and further quantitative study of persons with post-stroke fatigue. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Needs assessment of runaway females in Iran from an occupational therapy perspectiveOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2008Maryam Malekpour Abstract The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess, from an occupational therapy perspective, the occupational performance needs of runaway females between 15 and 33 years old, residing in the state-run shelters in Mashhad, Iran. The inclusion criteria were: (1) participants who were 15 years old or above; (2) participants who resided in one of the state-run shelters in Mashhad; and (3) participants who could read, comprehend and write in Farsi. A written survey was completed by 44 runaway females (response rate: 36.6%). The findings revealed the occupational needs of this population to be as follows: vocational needs to find a meaningful job, emotional needs to manage depression and hopelessness, social participation needs to manage family and peer/friend relationships and peer interactions with the opposite sex to find an appropriate mate and educational needs to continue their education. Participants were from one area of Iran, so the results of the study cannot be generalized to runaway females residing in shelters in other areas of the country. Future research could include a qualitative design to explore more in-depth needs of this population. Also, a larger population of runaway females nationwide should be included in a study to increase generalizability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The application of client-centred occupational therapy for Korean children with developmental disabilities,OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2008Dae Hyuk Kang Abstract The aim of this paper was to investigate the effectiveness of client-centred occupational therapy using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Eight girls and 23 boys from Korea, with developmental disabilities and from 3 to 10 years of age participated in this study. Each child participated in 20 to 24 sessions of client-centred occupational therapy. Both the COPM and the AMPS change scores demonstrated statistically significant improvement (p < 0.01) in occupational performance. Significant correlations were found between COPM , Performance and AMPS , Motor skills (rs = 0.64, p < 0.05), and COPM , Satisfaction and AMPS , Process skills (rs = 0.62, p < 0.05) in a group positive towards client-centred occupational therapy. The COPM was a valuable tool in guiding and measuring the client-centred occupational therapy for children with developmental disabilities. The small sample size of 31 children limits the generalizability of the study's results. Future research needs to use a larger and more diverse sample of children to further validate the effectiveness of client-centred occupational therapy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A pilot study of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme evaluated by four adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2008Anna Norweg Abstract The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyse participants' perceptions of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme, which combined occupational therapy with physical therapy. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from four adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who attended an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme in New York City. Features of the occupational therapy programme reported to be valuable were biofeedback and clinician support. Participants reported more control of dyspnoea, improved mental health and confidence in performing daily activities, less fatigue, more physically active lifestyles and hope for the future. Limitations of the study were that participants were interviewed only once and themes were not verified with participants. The study results also cannot be generalized. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of occupational therapy in promoting self-management and coping skills and restoring occupational performance in adults with COPD. Participants' responses provide additional support for developing cognitive-behavioural protocols in occupational therapy and measuring their effectiveness in relieving anxiety symptoms and promoting dyspnoea management. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A pilot study of the activity patterns of five elderly persons after a housing adaptationOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2006Bernt Niva Abstract The importance of an accessible home environment for occupational performance has been emphasized in occupational therapy, but knowledge about how accessibility can affect a person's activity patterns is limited. The purpose of this study was to describe the activity patterns of five elderly persons aged between 70 and 84 years and their views about accessibility and usability of their homes before and after a housing adaptation. Two different questionnaires, ,Accessibility in My Home' and the ,Occupational Questionnaire' were used for data collection. Adaptations in the home included: removing thresholds, installing new taps in the bathroom and kitchen and broadening doorways. After the adaptations the five participants reported that they increased their outside activities, reduced naps during the day and slept better at night. The results showed that the participants performed more and new activities when their home environment had become accessible. Activities performed were also perceived as more important after the housing adaptation. There is a need to replicate the study with a larger sample. Further research is needed on the impact of home adaptations on the activity patterns of elderly people. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd [source] Reliability and validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure for clients with psychiatric disorders in TaiwanOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2003Dr Ay-Woan Pan Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) in Taiwanese clients with psychiatric disorders. The COPM was translated into Mandarin and tested on 141 Taiwanese clients. The average age of the clients was 35.6 years; 94% were diagnosed with schizophrenia. The results of the study showed that the test,retest reliability of the COPM was r=0.842. The COPM identified occupational performance problems that included self-care (37%), productivity (25%), and leisure occupations (20%). Fifty percent of the therapists were receptive in adapting the client-centred approach and applying the COPM in their clinical practice. It was concluded that the COPM can be applied reliably to Taiwanese clients. Furthermore, the COPM was valuable in identifying information related to occupational performance that could not be identified elsewhere. Since 50% of the therapists felt reluctant about the appropriateness of the client-centred approach in their culture, it was important to examine the gap between clients' judgements and actual performance, as well as to evaluate the feasibility of the client-centred concept in clinical practice. Finally, the concept of the client-centred approach needs to be disseminated and communicated to the occupational therapy profession in order that the COPM can be adequately applied in mental health practice. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Content validity and clinical applicability of the Irena Daily Activity assessment measuring occupational performance in adults with developmental disabilityOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2003Irena Dychawy-Rosner MSc Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Irena Daily Activity (IDA) assessment which measures occupational performance in adults with developmental disabilities. The instrument's content validity was investigated by elucidating its general appropriateness, its clinical applicability and the feasibility of the measurement procedure. Data were collected from a multidisciplinary panel of clinical experts working in day activity centres. Each expert independently judged and reviewed the IDA instrument's content validity. The results show that the content validity index (CVI) values ranged from 0.8 to 1.0 for the instrument's general appropriateness and clinical applicability, and from 0.7 to 1.0 with respect to the significance of the IDA domains' clinical applicability. The applicability of the IDA items were judged as satisfactory (CVI , 80) with respect to their importance for planning treatment and intervention. The feasibility of the measurement procedure was estimated as satisfactory in relation to the items (CVI , 0.70) and satisfactory with respect to the time needed and material used, with CVI values ranging from 0.8 to 1.0. The results of this study support the use of the IDA as a feasible and time-efficient assessment that provides insights regarding the occupational performance of adults with developmental disabilities. A limitation of this study was that it could not illuminate all-important aspects of validity. In conclusion, the IDA has the potential to become a reliable and valid clinical assessment, but additional research on psychometric properties is still needed. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] What do young school-age children know about occupational therapy?OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2001An evaluation study Abstract Occupational therapy is a poorly understood profession. In response to this fact, the American Occupational Therapy Association has launched a national campaign to increase awareness of occupational therapy among adults. Little is known, however, about children's perceptions of occupational therapy. The current evaluation study reports on the assessment of children's perceptions of occupational therapy prior to, and following, an interactive demonstration on occupational therapy as part of a larger neuroscience exposition. One hundred and three elementary school-aged children (55 boys and 48 girls) from local schools attended a one-day neuroscience exposition held at the Boys & Girls Clubs of Omaha. At three of 18 booths at the exposition, occupational therapy faculty and students explained what occupational therapists do, and demonstrated the link between brain function and occupational performance. Children completed pre and post questionnaires. Results revealed that on pre-test, the vast majority of participants could not answer the question or had no idea of what occupational therapists do. On post-test, 75% reported that they had knowledge of what occupational therapists do. These preliminary findings suggest that a campaign of public awareness about occupational therapy for children would be highly effective and beneficial, and that a neuroscience exposition including occupational therapy is one effective intervention to promote such awareness. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Occupational performance in older stroke wheelchair users living at homeOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2001Dr Denise T Reid Professor, Faculty of Medicine Abstract This research aimed to identify problems in occupational performance experienced by survivors of stroke who used a wheelchair, both from their perspective and from the perspective of their caregivers. Sixteen stroke survivors over the age of 65 years who had used a prescribed wheelchair for at least one year, who lived in their own home, who were able to participate in a conversational interview and who had a caregiver willing to participate comprised the sample. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used to identify occupational performance problems and to measure stroke survivors' and caregivers' perceptions of performance. The Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF) was also used to evaluate the functional performance of stroke survivors from the caregivers' perspective. The frequency and type of problems identified by the COPM were descriptively analysed and compared for both groups. The results of Mann-Whitney U tests showed no differences in the frequency of self-care, productivity and leisure problems reported between the two groups. Within-group comparisons using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed that stroke survivors identified significantly more self-care problems than productivity-type problems (p=0.001), and more leisure problems than productivity problems (p=0.013). Caregivers identified significantly more self-care problems than productivity problems (p=0.001). The most common self-care problems reported by both stroke survivors and caregivers were dressing and bathing. Results suggest a high level of functional disability among the stroke survivors. There was a significant correlation between the score on the SMAF Instrumental Activities of Daily Living subscale and the frequency of caregiver assistance (r=0.747, p=0.001). Addressing the perspectives of both stroke survivors who are wheelchair users and their caregivers in identifying occupational performance problems at home is important for occupational therapists for planning home-based intervention. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] An Analysis of Occupational Outcomes for Indigenous and Asian Employees in AustraliaTHE ECONOMIC RECORD, Issue 240 2002Vani K. Borooah This paper examines occupational performance in Australia across three racial groups in Australia: Indigenous Australians; Asian people, defined as all those whose language spoken at home was either Chinese, Vietnamese or other forms of a South-east or East Asian language; and white people, defined as the residual category. The paper has as its starting point, observed differences in occupational attainment among the three groups in Australia and sets out to account for these observed differences on the basis of both race and non-racial attributes such as, age, education and area of residence. [source] The Tree Theme Method as an intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy: Client acceptability and outcomesAUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009A. Birgitta Gunnarsson Background/aim:,The Tree Theme Method (TTM) is an intervention in which the client paints trees representing certain periods in his/her life. The intervention comprises five sessions, using trees as a starting point to tell one's life story. This study, which is part of an implementation project, aimed to examine the therapeutic alliance and client satisfaction, in relation to perceptions of everyday occupations and health-related factors, with clients going through a TTM intervention. Methods:,Nine occupational therapists recruited 35 clients, at general outpatient mental health care units, for the TTM intervention. Self-rating instruments, targeting therapeutic alliance (HAq-II), different aspects of daily occupations (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Satisfaction with Daily Occupations), health-related factors (Sense of Coherence measure, Mastery Scale, Symptom Checklist-90-R) and client satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), were administrated before and after the intervention. Results:,A good initial therapeutic alliance, experienced by both therapists and clients, was correlated to increased changes regarding occupational performance and self-mastery. According to the therapists' ratings, a good initial therapeutic alliance was correlated to increased sense of coherence and a decreased level of psychiatric symptoms. The results showed positive significant changes in occupational performance and health-related factors. High ratings of the therapeutic alliance by the therapists were also related to high client satisfaction. Conclusions:,The TTM seemed to function well in psychosocial occupational therapy, but there is a need for further implementation studies to deepen our understanding of the treatment process, comprising both technique and formation of the therapeutic alliance. [source] Measuring occupational performance: Supporting best practice in occupational therapy (2nd edition)AUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006Janet Fricke No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||