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Obstructive Airways Disease (obstructive + airway_disease)
Selected AbstractsPrevalence of chronic bronchitis and chronic respiratory symptoms in adults over the age of 35 years in Isfahan, Iran in 1998RESPIROLOGY, Issue 3 2001Mohammad Golshan Objective: Chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD) in older patients is reported to be not only common, but also frequently overlooked and untreated by general practitioners. Chronic bronchitis is one of the major components of COPD and can be readily screened. This study investigates the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and related symptoms in Iran with special reference to COPD. Methodology: A random sample of 4636 participants aged 35 years and over, attended a research clinic for interview and physical examinations. Those reporting classic symptoms of chronic bronchitis were referred to a pulmonary clinic for pulmonary function testing. Results: Two hundred and sixteen patients (4.65%) had chronic bronchitis. Among these, 78 (36.1%) had obstructive airways disease. Decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity to levels of less than 70% were recorded in 45 patients (42.9% of the tested population). Less than 25% of the patients had a previous diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and/or airways disease. Conclusion: Obstructive airway diseases are under-diagnosed in developing countries. Physicians practising in such areas of the world should be aware, and try to detect the subclinical illnesses, especially in urban areas. [source] Single-scan acquisition of registered hyperpolarized 3He ventilation and ADC images using a hybrid 2D gradient-echo sequenceMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, Issue 6 2007Jim M. Wild Abstract The pulse sequences for hyperpolarized 3He lung MRI that have made the most clinical impact to date are 1) those that supply regional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements, which provide insight into early emphysematous destruction of the alveoli in the lungs, and 2) high-resolution ventilation images that provide regional indicators of airway obstruction in obstructive airway disease, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this work a hybrid 2D ADC-ventilation sequence was used with low flip angles to acquire both sets of data in the same breath-hold. The performance of the sequence was investigated in vivo in a healthy subject and a subject with mild emphysema, and compared with conventional 2D gradient-echo (GRE) 3He ventilation and ADC imaging sequences. Acquisition of the ADC and ventilation images in one breath-hold provides ventilation images with equal or better SNR (,20) and the same spatial resolution (3.75 mm × 3.3 mm in plane) with simultaneous accurate, high-resolution ADC images. The hybrid sequence offers a means of conserving gas by using two-thirds of the 3He gas needed for separate ADC and ventilation exams, and saves the subject from having to perform an extra breath-hold. The data are inherently spatially and temporally registered, allowing quantitative cross-correlation between high-spatial-resolution ADC and ventilation data. Magn Reson Med 57:1185,1189, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Use and adherence to beta-blockers for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction: who is not getting the treatment?,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 11 2004Li Wei Abstract Purpose To characterise those who receive beta-blocker therapy after MI and to estimate the effect of adherence to beta-blocker use on subsequent mortality and recurrent MI. Methods A community-based observational cohort study was done using a record linkage database. Patients were those discharged from hospitals after their first MI between January 1994 and December 1995 and who also survived for at least 1 year. The outcome was all cause mortality and recurrent MI. Results were adjusted for age, sex, social deprivation, airways disease, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular drug use, steroid use and hospitalisation for cardiovascular disease using a logistic regression model and a Cox regression model. Results A total of 865 patients were included in this study. 386 (44.6%) were on beta-blocker treatment during the year after MI. Beta-blocker use was lower amongst high-risk patients (older patients, patients with obstructive airway disease, PVD and those with a previous hospitalisation for heart failure). Mortality was lower in patients treated with beta-blockers compared with those untreated. Good adherence (,80%) was associated with a lower adjusted relative risk of mortality compared with unexposed patients (0.49, 95%CI 0.30,0.80, p,<,0.01). Within the high-risk subgroup of patients, the adjusted relative risk of mortality with good adherence was 0.40 (0.17,0.93, p,=,0.03). Conclusions Beta-blocker use was lower in older patients, patients with airways disease, PVD and heart failure, but these patients appeared to have the greatest benefit from beta-blockers. Good adherence to beta-blocker treatment after MI was associated with a lower risk of mortality. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The use of prescription medicines and self-medication among children,a population-based study in Finland,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 10 2010Sanna Ylinen Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and concomitant use of prescription medicines and self-medication, including over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins, and complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) among Finnish children aged under 12 years. Methods We carried out a nationwide postal survey of the use of medicines by a representative sample (n,=,6000) of Finnish children aged under 12 years in spring 2007. A response rate of 67% (n,=,4032) was achieved. The current use of prescription medicines and the use of OTC medicines, vitamins, and CAMs in the preceding 2 days were the main outcome measures. Results In total, 17% of children had used prescription medicines and 50% some self-medication. The corresponding figures for OTC medicines, vitamins, and CAMs use were 17, 37, and 11%, respectively. Drugs for obstructive airway diseases were the most common prescription medicines, whereas analgesics and antipyretics, including non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-medicines (NSAID), were the most common OTC medicines reported. Vitamin D was the most common vitamin, while fish oils and fatty acids were the most common CAMs used. Ten percent of the children had used prescription medicines and self-medication concomitantly. Conclusions Most of the children's medication consists of self-medication, and especially of vitamin use. However, also a considerable proportion had used prescription medicines, and a minority prescription medicines and self-medication concomitantly. In three of the cases, a combination of prescription and OTC medicine with a potential risk for interactions were found. Physicians should be aware of this wide use of self-medication when prescribing medicines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Occupational obstructive airway diseases caused by the natural gas odorant tetrahydrothiophene,two case reports,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 12 2009X. Baur MD Abstract Background Tetrahydrothiophene (THT) is frequently used to odorize natural (city) gas. Only sparse data on adverse health effects of THT on humans are available. Methods We performed a literature search and clinical investigations including case history and cardiopulmonary diagnostic tests in two symptomatic THT-exposed outpatients. Results The two THT-exposed city workers developed transient neurologic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headaches, as well as skin and mucosa irritation, chronic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmia. The neurological symptoms and respiratory disorders were found to be caused by intermittently high THT exposures. In favor of a causal relationship were severe work-related neurological and respiratory symptoms in previously healthy workers, results of animal experiments, and another report with very similar findings in the literature. The etiology of arterial hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia, however, remains unclear. Conclusions Our two case reports demonstrate that repeated high THT-exposures can,in addition to neurotoxic symptoms,elicit chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We recommend improved primary and secondary preventive measures, including the establishment of a TLV. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:982,986, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Trends in suspected and recognized occupational respiratory diseases in Germany between 1970 and 2005AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2008V. van Kampen PhD Abstract Background Respiratory diseases represent a major proportion of occupational diseases in many countries. Little information is available about their incidences over the past several decades. Methods Based on the reports of the three German federal accident insurance agencies, the numbers of suspected and recognized cases of occupational respiratory diseases between 1970 and 2005 were collected and combined. The trends in the rates per 100,000 insured workers were calculated. Results In total, a decline in occupational respiratory diseases since 1998 could be observed. This trend is mainly based on the decrease in non-malignant respiratory diseases due to silica and obstructive airway diseases. In contrast, asbestos-induced diseases showed a leveling off or an increase (mesothelioma) during the last 10years. Conclusions Although trends in occupational disease may be influenced by several factors, the presented data indicate that prevention has been effective in reducing some ofthe most frequent occupational respiratory diseases in Germany. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:492,502, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Agreement between bicarbonate measured on arterial and venous blood gasesEMERGENCY MEDICINE AUSTRALASIA, Issue 5-6 2004Anne-Maree Kelly Abstract Objective:, This study aims to determine the extent of agreement between venous and arterial bicarbonate for a group of emergency department patients with respiratory or metabolic illness requiring blood gas analysis as part of their evaluation. Methods:, This prospective study of patients who were deemed by their treating doctor to require an arterial blood gas analysis to determine their ventilatory or acid-base status, compared bicarbonate on an arterial and a venous sample taken as close to simultaneously as possible. Data were analysed using bias (Bland-Altman) methods. Subgroup analyses were performed for the metabolic, respiratory, chronic obstructive airways disease and acidotic subgroups. Results:, Two hundred and forty-six patients were entered into the study; 195 with acute respiratory disease and 51 with suspected metabolic derangement. The values of bicarbonate on arterial and venous samples showed close agreement with an average difference between the samples of 1.20 mmol/L (95% limits of agreement being ,2.73 to +5.13 mmol/L). Similar agreement was found for all subgroups. Conclusion:, Venous bicarbonate estimation shows a high level of agreement with the arterial value, with acceptably narrow 95% limits of agreement. These results suggest that venous bicarbonate estimation may be an acceptable substitute for arterial measurement. [source] Genetic susceptibility to tobacco smoke toxicity and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseGERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2002Shinji Teramoto Because elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are often overlooked, screening efforts are at the moment directed at higher risk subjects such as heavy smokers with obstructive airways disease. Because only 10,20% of heavy smokers developed symptomatic airflow obstruction, a different genetic susceptibility to cigarette smoke-lung injury is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several candidate gene polymorphisms are proposed as the genetic risk for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The current candidates are the polymorphisms in the 3, non-coding region of the ,1-antitypsin gene, ,1-antichymotrypsin gene, tumor necrosis factor- , gene, microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene, and glutathione S- transferase P1 gene, and microsatellite polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter. However, the results are variously reported between Japanese and Caucasians. The association studies of the polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease require further confirmation in different ethnic groups by other researchers using a large population. The current strategy and pitfalls of the gene explorations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are discussed. [source] Asthma prediction in school children; the value of combined IgE-antibodies and obstructive airways disease severity score,ALLERGY, Issue 9 2010K. C. Lødrup Carlsen To cite this article: Lødrup Carlsen KC, Söderström L, Mowinckel P, Håland G, Pettersen M, Munthe Kaas MC, Devulapalli CS, Buchmann M, Ahlstedt S, Carlsen K-H. Asthma prediction in school children; the value of combined IgE-antibodies and obstructive airways disease severity score. Allergy 2010; 65: 1134,1140. Abstract Background:, Allergic sensitisation increases the risk for asthma development. In this prospective birth cohort (Environment and Childhood Asthma) study, we hypothesized that combining quantitative measures of IgE antibodies (,-IgE) and Severity score of obstructive airways disease (OAD) at 2 years of age (Severity score) is superior to predict current asthma (CA) at 10 years than either measure alone. Secondarily, we assessed if gender modified the prediction of CA. Methods:, A follow-up study at 10 years of age was performed in 371 2-year-old children with recurrent (n = 219) or no (n = 152) bronchial obstruction with available serum analysed for ,-IgE to common food and inhalant allergens through a panel test, Phadiatop Infant® (Phadia, Uppsala, Sweden). Clinical variables included allergic sensitisation and exercise testing to characterise children with CA vs not CA at 10 years and the Severity score (0,12, 0 indicating no OAD) was used to assess risk modification. Results:, Severity score alone explained 24% (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.24) of the variation in CA, whereas ,-IgE explained only 6% (R2 = 0.06). Combining the two increased the explanatory capacity to R2 = 0.30. Gender interacted significantly with ,-IgE; whereas Severity score predicted CA in both genders, the predictive capacity of ,-IgE for CA at 10 years was significant in boys only. Conclusion:, Combining ,-IgE to inhalant allergens and Severity score at 2 years was superior to predict asthma at 10 years than either alone. Severity score predicted CA in both genders, whereas ,-IgE significantly predicted CA in boys only. [source] Prevalence of chronic bronchitis and chronic respiratory symptoms in adults over the age of 35 years in Isfahan, Iran in 1998RESPIROLOGY, Issue 3 2001Mohammad Golshan Objective: Chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD) in older patients is reported to be not only common, but also frequently overlooked and untreated by general practitioners. Chronic bronchitis is one of the major components of COPD and can be readily screened. This study investigates the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and related symptoms in Iran with special reference to COPD. Methodology: A random sample of 4636 participants aged 35 years and over, attended a research clinic for interview and physical examinations. Those reporting classic symptoms of chronic bronchitis were referred to a pulmonary clinic for pulmonary function testing. Results: Two hundred and sixteen patients (4.65%) had chronic bronchitis. Among these, 78 (36.1%) had obstructive airways disease. Decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity to levels of less than 70% were recorded in 45 patients (42.9% of the tested population). Less than 25% of the patients had a previous diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and/or airways disease. Conclusion: Obstructive airway diseases are under-diagnosed in developing countries. Physicians practising in such areas of the world should be aware, and try to detect the subclinical illnesses, especially in urban areas. [source] Upper and lower respiratory diseases after occupational and environmental disastersMOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE: A JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008David J. Prezant MD Abstract Respiratory consequences from occupational and environmental disasters are the result of inhalation exposures to chemicals, particulate matter (dusts and fibers) and/or the incomplete products of combusion that are often liberated during disasters such as fires, building collapses, explosions and volcanoes. Unfortunately, experience has shown that environmental controls and effective respiratory protection are often unavailable during the first days to week after a large-scale disaster. The English literature was reviewed using the key words,disaster and any of the following: respiratory disease, pulmonary, asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, pulmonary fibrosis, or sarcoidosis. Respiratory health consequences after aerosolized exposures to high-concentrations of particulates and chemicals can be grouped into 4 major caterogies: 1) upper respiratory disease (chronic rhinosinusitis and reactive upper airways dysfunction syndrome), 2) lower respiratory diseases (reactive [lower] airways dysfunction syndrome, irritant-induced asthma, and chronic obstructive airways diseases), 3) parenchymal or interstitial lung diseases (sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchiolitis obliterans, and 4) cancers of the lung and pleura. This review describes several respiratory consequences of occupational and environmental disasters and uses the World Trade Center disaster to illustrate in detail the consequences of chronic upper and lower respiratory inflammation. Mt Sinai J Med 75:89,100, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine [source] | ||||||||||