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Observable Differences (observable + difference)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	33%

Selected Abstracts

Effects of illumination on the response of (0001)ZnO to nanoindentation

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003
M. J. Klopfstein
Abstract The near surface photoplastic effect (PPE) of single crystal etched (0001)ZnO has been investigated using nanoindentation. Illumination was found to result in an increased load at which pop-in occurred. Hardness in the near surface region, as measured at contact depths up to 100 nm, was found to be 7% to 20% greater with sample illumination than in darkness. For larger depths up to 275 nm, however, no observable difference between hardness measured with illumination and in darkness was found. [source]

The high-resolution structure of (+)- epi -biotin bound to streptavidin

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 6 2006
Isolde Le Trong
(+)- Epi -biotin differs from (+)-biotin in the configuration of the chiral center at atom C2. This could lead to a difference in the mode of binding of (+)- epi -biotin to streptavidin, a natural protein receptor for (+)-biotin. Diffraction data were collected to a maximum of 0.85,Å resolution for structural analysis of the complex of streptavidin with a sample of (+)- epi -biotin and refinement was carried out at both 1.0 and 0.85,Å resolution. The structure determination shows a superposition of two ligands in the binding site, (+)-biotin and (+)- epi -biotin. The molecules overlap in the model for the complex except for the position of S1 in the tetrahydrothiophene ring. Differences in the conformation of the ring permits binding of each molecule to streptavidin with little observable difference in the protein structures at this high resolution. [source]

Learners' Descriptions of German Pronunciation, Vocabulary, and Grammar: A Folk Linguistic Account

DIE UNTERRICHTSPRAXIS/TEACHING GERMAN, Issue 1 2009
Monika Chavez
Following a folk linguistic approach, this investigation of first-, second- and fourth-year learners' accounts of German found that (1) few had held pre-conceived notions about German prior to language study; (2) most pre-conceived notions concerned German pronunciation; (3) pre-conceived notions about vocabulary were most likely to influence the decision to study German; and (4) among current perceptions of German, learners (a) believe German to be more "systematic" than English; (b) are virtually exclusively concerned with rules of "accuracy" (not appropriateness); (c) tend to judge the "merits" of German rules in comparison with English but also the Romance languages; (d) consider grammar more different between English and German than vocabulary and pronunciation; and (e) register no observable differences across different years of study or between German and non-German majors. [source]

Society and Housing Form: Home-Centredness in England vs.

JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2001
Family-Centredness in Japan
This paper demonstrates some of the ways in which culture affects house form by considering the premise that increased privatised living leads to increased demarcation of private living space. Historical data from England and Japan make it evident that Japanese privatised living was family-centred as compared with English home-centredness, and was reflected in observable differences in the evolution of house forms. While supporting the premise that cultural values influence house forms, the paper concludes that the original framework is too simple, but can be developed to accommodate data from different cultures. [source]

Effect of fluence on efficacy using the 1440 nm laser with CAP technology for the treatment of rhytids,

LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 6 2008
Jenifer R. Lloyd D.O.
Abstract Background and Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluence on the treatment of rhytids using a 1440 nm laser with CAPSM technology and the T350 tip. Study Design/Materials and Methods Twelve subjects with rhytids were enrolled in an IRB approved study. The AffirmÔ laser with CAP technology (Cynosure, Inc., Westford, MA) 1440 nm, 10 mm T350, 2 milliseconds, 1.5 Hz was used at fluences ranging from 3.0 to 5.5 J/cm2 in a split face study. At each treatment visit, fluences on the right side of the face were held constant at 3.0 J/cm2, while the left side of the face started at 3.0 J/cm2 and increased 0.5 J/cm2 with each treatment to a maximum of 5.5 J/cm2. Five treatments were given at 2-week intervals using the SmartCoolÔ (Cynosure, Inc.). Photographic comparisons at baseline and 3 months were used to compare fluence results as well as to evaluate for efficacy in the treatment of rhytids. The following standard scale was employed: Poor (0,25%), Fair (26,50%), Good (51,75%), and Excellent (76,100%). In addition, following the study, a few subjects received a series of laser pulses at increasing fluences on their buttocks to further evaluate the effect of fluence on tissue reaction. Results Comparing the right and left photographic results, no clinically observable differences were noted. Both sides received the same grade in all cases. Five subjects (42%) were noted to have Good results, three (25%) were given a rating of Fair, and four (33%) were given a Poor result with little or no improvement observed. The follow-up buttock fluence study demonstrated an effect threshold at 3.0 J/cm2. Conclusion The 1440 nm laser with CAP technology can provide overall improvement in patients with rhytids at moderate fluences. Increasing the fluence does not appear to increase efficacy. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:387,389, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Structure of the nucleotide-binding domain of Plasmodium falciparum Rab6 in the GDP-bound form

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 8 2000
Debasish Chattopadhyay
Rab proteins are small Ras-like GTPases which play important roles in regulating intracellular vesicle trafficking. The nucleotide-binding domain of Rab6 from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was crystallized with GDP bound to the active site. The MAD phasing technique was used to determine the crystal structure to 2.3,Å resolution. Comparisons of the structure of GDP-bound PfRab6 with the recently determined structures of Rab3A in complex with either a GTP analog or with GTP and Rabphillin present structural evidence supporting the traditional model for the molecular GTP/GDP switch in Rab proteins. PfRab6 residues homologous to those distinguishing human Rab6 isoforms, which differ in binding to Rabkinesin-6 in human cells, are located next to the recognized complementarity-determining region (CDR) and constitute a conceptual broadening of that domain. Despite significant observable differences in Golgi ultrastructure, the Rab6 core structure and switch mechanism appear highly conserved when compared with murine Rab3a structures. A significant difference between the PfRab6 and higher eukaryotic Rabs may be the lack of CDR features that allow binding interactions with Rabkinesin-type effectors. [source]