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Oil Extraction (oil + extraction)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	47%
Life Sciences	36%
3 Other Domains	17%

Selected Abstracts

ANALYSIS OF VARIABLES AND MODELING OF GEVUINA AVELLANA OIL EXTRACTION WITH ETHANOL NEAR AZEOTROPE CONDITIONS

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2009
DANIEL FRANCO
ABSTRACT Oil extraction from Gevuina avellana Mol. (Chilean hazelnut) with ethanol, near the conditions of its azeotrope with water, was carried out in this work. The effects of solubility, liquid-to-solid ratio and moisture content of ethanol were studied using 92% ethanol, azeotropic (96%) and absolute ethanol (99.9%) as solvents. Water content had a high effect on oil solubility, which reached 140 g/L in 99.9% ethanol, whereas it was 40 g/L with azeotropic ethanol. Oil accounted for 93% of total extractable compounds with absolute ethanol. Kinetics studies of the extraction process were performed at 50C, giving as a result apparent diffusivity values near 10,11 m2/s, being the highest values obtained for ethanol 92% (7.5,16 × 10,11). It was also found that the higher the liquid-to-solid ratio, the higher the diffusivity. Simulation of four-stage countercurrent extraction with azeotropic ethanol yielded 23.5% oil extraction, whereas simulation of four-stage cross-flow extraction yielded 40.7%. Ethanol can be an alternative to batch cold pressing or hexane solvent extraction, for G. savellana seeds or meal processing. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The results presented in this paper are applicable for obtaining oil from oilseeds by extraction with ethanol. It includes relevant results for the optimization of extraction conditions and particularly those regarding liquid-to-solid ratio and percentage of water. Considering the more specific focus of this research, the results are applicable to obtaining Gevuina avellana oil by using an ethanol-based process, which will allow to avoid one of the cold-pressing process drawbacks: the high oil content of the meal, which is a factor limiting its lifetime. [source]

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF SOYBEAN FOR SOLVENT AND MECHANICAL OIL EXTRACTION

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING, Issue 4 2000
PRAVEEN C. BARGALE
ABSTRACT Due to inefficient extractability of its low oil content, soybeans are often bypassed in village-scale processing. Soygrits, flakes, and expanded collets were hydrolyzed by proteases, cellulases, and pectinases before oil extraction by solvent and static mechanical pressure. Driselase with multi-enzyme activity and two proteases improved solvent extraction rates but only Driselase enhanced mechanical pressing. Up to 58% of seed oil was pressed from enzyme-hydrolyzed flakes but 88% was pressed from Driselase-treated collets. Either pretreatment is a feasible adjunct to mechanical pressing in small batch operations. [source]

APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN METHOD TO THE OIL EXTRACTION FROM OLIVE CAKE

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 2 2009
SMAIL MEZIANE
ABSTRACT Olive cake is an important solid waste of the olive oil production. It still contains a certain quantity of oil that can be recovered by means of solvent extraction. In this study, two-level full factorial design was performed to evaluate the effects of four variables and their interactions on the oil extraction by the ethanol 96.0% in a batch reactor. The variables included size of particles, temperature, and time of contact and solvent-to-solids ratio. The statistical analysis of the experimental data showed that the extracted oil mass depends on all the examined variables. It also depends on the interactions between size of particles and solvent-to-solid ratio and size of particles and temperature. The experimental data were in good agreement with those predicted by the model. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Olive cake is solid waste of the olive oil industry that is available in large amounts in many Mediterranean countries and at very low cost. It can be treated or valorized, enabling at the same time the solution to environmental problems caused by the olive oil production process. The economic interest that it presents is especially because of the residual oil that it contains and that can be recovered by solvent extraction. However, this solid,liquid extraction depends on several parameters: the ones inherent to the products (structure and properties of the sample, nature of extraction solvent); and the others to the extraction process (time of contact, temperature of extraction, solvent-to-solid ratio, stirring velocity). The experimental design method enables to determine the most important variables and their interaction in the extraction process at the same time performing a low number of experiments. [source]

ANALYSIS OF VARIABLES AND MODELING OF GEVUINA AVELLANA OIL EXTRACTION WITH ETHANOL NEAR AZEOTROPE CONDITIONS

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF OVERLAPPING JURISDICTIONS AND THE FRENCH/DUTCH REJECTION OF THE EU CONSTITUTION

ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2006
Jean-Luc Migué
In seeking to protect their failed social model by rejecting the EU constitution, French and Dutch voters ironically contributed to promoting the very ,liberal' order they misunderstand and despise. When, as in federalist politics, functions overlap, two levels of government compete for the same votes in the same territory in the supply of similar services. Not unlike the tragedy of the commons in oil extraction, it is in the interest of both political authorities to seek to gain votes in implementing the programme first. The overall equilibrium supply of public services is excessive and both levels of government have a tendency to invade every field. Short of effective constitutional limits on the powers of the central government, a more decentralised EU offers an opportunity to overcome the common-pool problem of multi-level government. [source]

Influence of temperature on growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in diluted olive mill wastewater as culture medium

ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2010
Gassan Hodaifa
Abstract Scenedesmus obliquus can help to reduce the environmental impact of industrial olive mill wastewater from olive oil extraction in the three-phase system. This work examines the effect of temperature changes (288,308,K) on algal growth, culture medium, and biochemical composition of S. obliquus. The maximum specific growth rate of 0.024,h,1 occurred at an optimal temperature of 302.7,K. The apparent activation energies of cell growth and cell death were determined as 61.8 and 142.8,kJ/mol, respectively. At the end of culture the percentages of pigments, proteins, and carbohydrates were greater at the two ends of the temperature range studied, as it was also observed for the maximum elimination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). The mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the biomass was greater at the lowest temperature used (288,K). [source]

Supercritical extraction of borage seed oil coupled to conventional solvent extraction of antioxidants

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 11 2008
Carmen Soto
Abstract This paper describes the extraction of borage seed oil by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and the further extraction of antioxidants from the SC-CO2 -defatted borage meal with organic solvents (water, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate). The optimal conditions for oil extraction were obtained at 303 and 323,K at 200,bar, 2.5,h and a continuous flow of CO2 of 1.5,L/h introduced through the bottom when the operating pressure and temperature were reached, attaining a yield of 60%. Borage oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids; oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid accounted for 74% of the total fatty acid content under the above conditions. The highest extraction yield was achieved using water or methanol as extracting solvent from the SC-CO2 -defatted borage meal at 303,K and pressures of 200 and 150,bar for water and methanol, respectively. The most potent extracts, according to all methods tested, were obtained with water and methanol. [source]

Seed roasting improves the oxidative stability of canola (B.,napus) and mustard (B.,juncea) seed oils

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
Chakra Wijesundera
Abstract Animal fats and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) have preferentially been used for deep-frying of food because of their relatively high oxidative stability compared to natural vegetable oils. However, animal fats and PHVO are abundant sources of saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids, respectively, both of which are detrimental to human health. Canola (Brassica napus) is the primary oilseed crop currently grown in Australia. Canola quality Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is also being developed for cultivation in hot and low-rainfall areas of the country where canola does not perform well. A major impediment to using these oils for deep-frying is their relatively high susceptibility to oxidation, and so any processing interventions that would improve the oxidative stability would increase their prospects of use in commercial deep-frying. The oxidative stability of both B.,napus and B.,juncea crude oils can be improved dramatically by roasting the seeds (165,°C, 5,min) prior to oil extraction. Roasting did not alter the fatty acid composition or the tocopherol content of the oils. The enhanced oxidative stability of the oil, solvent-extracted from roasted seeds, is probably due to 2,6-dimethoxy-4-vinylphenol produced by thermal decarboxylation of the sinapic acid naturally occurring in the canola seed. [source]

Initial investigation on liver oil extraction from three sturgeon species of the Caspian Sea

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 2006
Ayoub Yousefi Jourdehi
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Palm oil mill effluent pretreatment using Moringa oleifera seeds as an environmentally friendly coagulant: laboratory and pilot plant studies

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 12 2006
Subhash Bhatia
Abstract This research paper covers the suitability of the coagulation,flocculation process using Moringa oleifera seeds after oil extraction as a natural and environmentally friendly coagulant for palm oil mill effluent treatment. The performance of M. oleifera coagulant was studied along with the flocculant KP 9650 in removal of suspended solids, organic components and in increasing the floc size. The optimum values of the operating parameters obtained from the laboratory jar test were applied in a pilot-scale treatment plant comprised of coagulation,flocculation and filtration processes. Pilot-scale pretreatment resulted in 99.7% suspended solids removal, 71.5% COD reduction, 68.2% BOD reduction, 100% oil and grease removal and 91% TKN removal. In pilot plant pretreatment, the percentage recovery of water was 83.3%, and 99.7% sludge was recovered after dewatering in a filter press. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

ANALYSIS OF VARIABLES AND MODELING OF GEVUINA AVELLANA OIL EXTRACTION WITH ETHANOL NEAR AZEOTROPE CONDITIONS

ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF SOYBEAN FOR SOLVENT AND MECHANICAL OIL EXTRACTION

APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN METHOD TO THE OIL EXTRACTION FROM OLIVE CAKE

Stabilizing Smoked Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Tissue after Extraction of Oil

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 3 2010
Cindy Bower
ABSTRACT:, Alaska salmon oils are rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and are highly valued by the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the tissue that remains after oil extraction does not have an established market. Discarded pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) tissues were preserved using a combination of smoke-processing and acidification with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). All samples were analyzed for moisture, protein, ash, and lipid contents. Bacterial cell counts, pH, and lactic acid concentrations were recorded as a measure of LAB viability. Neither raw nor smoked salmon were free from spoilage during 60 d of storage. Only fermented samples successfully stabilized below pH 4.7, while retaining lactic acid concentrations over 15 g/L during storage. When smoked, fermented salmon head tissues were dried, the pH of the resulting high-protein "cracker" was significantly lower than when crackers were prepared only from the smoked (but not fermented) salmon material. Both cracker varieties retained valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids. This research suggests that salmon-head tissues discarded after oil extraction represent a good source of protein and high-value fatty acids in a shelf-stable form. Practical Application: Alaska salmon oils are rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and are highly valued by the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the tissue that remains after oil extraction does not have an established market. Material produced from salmon tissue discarded after oil extraction may represent a valuable resource for preparing high-protein crackers and other fish-based food products. In addition to providing a unique smoke-flavoring, the smoked, fermented fish material may also impart antioxidant factors thereby extending the shelf life of the product. [source]

Genetic diversity and population structure of an insular tree, Santalum austrocaledonicum in New Caledonian archipelago

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 7 2005
L. BOTTIN
Abstract We present a study of the genetic diversity and structure of a tropical tree in an insular system. Santalum austrocaledonicum is endemic to the archipelago of New Caledonia and is exploited for oil extraction from heartwood. A total of 431 individuals over 17 populations were analysed for eight polymorphic microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 33 and the observed heterozygosity per population ranged from 0.01 in Maré to 0.74 in Ile des Pins. The genetic diversity was lowest in the most recent islands, the Loyautés, and highest in the oldest island, Grande Terre, as well as the nearby small Ile des Pins. Significant departures from panmixia were observed for some loci,population combinations (per population FIS = 0,0.03 on Grande-Terre and Ile des Pins, and 0,0.67 on Loyautés). A strong genetic differentiation among all islands was observed (FST = 0.22), and the amount of differentiation increased with geographic distance in Iles Loyauté and in Grande Terre. At both population and island levels, island age and isolation seem to be the main factors influencing the amount of genetic diversity. In particular, populations from recent islands had large average FIS that could not be entirely explained by null alleles or a Wahlund effect. This result suggests that, at least in some populations, selfing occurred extensively. Conclusively, our results indicate a strong influence of insularity on the genetic diversity and structure of Santalum austrocaledonicum. [source]

Oil industry, wild meat trade and roads: indirect effects of oil extraction activities in a protected area in north-eastern Ecuador

ANIMAL CONSERVATION, Issue 4 2009
E. Suárez
Abstract Starting in 1994, a wholesale wild meat market developed in north-eastern Ecuador, involving Waorani and Kichwa people in the area of influence of a road built to facilitate oil extraction within Yasuní National Park. Between 2005 and 2007, we recorded the trade of 11 717 kg of wild meat in this market, with pacas Cuniculus paca, white-lipped peccaries Tayassu pecari, collared peccaries Pecari tajacu and woolly monkeys Lagothrix poeppiggi accounting for 80% of the total biomass. Almost half of the wild meat brought to the market was transported by dealers for resale at restaurants in Tena, a medium-sized town 234 km west of the market. Prices of wild meat were 1.3,2 times higher than the price of meat of domestic animals, suggesting that it is a different commodity and not a supplementary protein source in the urban areas where it is consumed. The actual price of transportation between the local communities and the market was a significant predictor of the amount of meat sold in Pompeya. Based on this relationship the Waorani hunters sold exceptionally larger amounts of wild meat than would be expected if they would not have the transportation subsidies provided by the oil companies. Although the scale of this wild meat wholesale market is still relatively small, its dynamic reflects the complex interactions that emerge as the overriding influence of oil companies or other private industries modify the culture and subsistence patterns of marginalized indigenous groups, increasing their potential impacts on wildlife and natural ecosystems. [source]

Protein recovery from enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of soybean

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2010
Kerry A. Campbell
Abstract Enzyme-assisted aqueous oil extraction from soybean is a "green" alternative to hexane extraction that must realize potential revenues from a value-added protein co-product. Three technologies were investigated to recover protein from the skim fraction of an aqueous extraction process. Ultrafiltration achieved overall protein yields between 60% and 64%, with solids protein content of 70%, and was effective in reducing stachyose content, with fluxes between 4 and 10 L/m2 hr. Protein content was limited because of high retention of lipids and the loss of polypeptides below 13.6 kDa. Isoelectric precipitation was effective in recovering the minimally hydrolyzed proteins of skim, with a protein content of 70%, again limited by lipid content. However, protein recovery was only 30% because of the greater solubility of the hydrolyzed proteins. Recovery by the alternative of protein capture on dextran-grafted agarose quaternary-amine expanded bed adsorption resins decreased with decreasing polypeptide molecular weight. Proteins with molecular mass greater than 30 kDa exhibited slow adsorption rates. Expanded bed adsorption was most effective for recovery of proteins with molecular weight between 30 and 12 kDa. Overall, adsorption protein yields were between 14% and 17%. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010 [source]

Olive Oil Mill Waste Waters Decoloration and Detoxification in a Bioreactor by the White Rot Fungus Phanerochaeteflavido-alba

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 3 2002
P. Blánquez
Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is produced as waste in olive oil extraction. With the purpose of treating this highly polluting waste, a number of experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale bioreactor with the white rot fungus Phanerochaete flavido-alba ( P.flavido-alba). It is known that this fungus is capable of decolorizing OMW in static or semistatic cultures at Erlenmeyer scale and at 30 °C. The objective of this work was to prove that P. flavido-alba could decolorize OMW in submerged cultures and that it is capable of reducing OMW toxicity at room temperature (25 °C) and in a laboratory-scale bioreactor. In the experiments conducted, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase enzymes were detected; however, unlike other studies, lignin peroxidase was not found to be present. Decoloration obtained after treatment was 70%. The reduction of aromatic compounds obtained was 51%, and the toxicity of the culture medium was reduced by up to 70%. We can therefore state that P.flavido-alba is capable of reducing important environmental parameters of industrial effluents and that prospects are positive for the use of this process at a larger scale, even when working at room temperature. [source]

Properties of a concentrated minipool solvent-detergent treated cryoprecipitate processed in single-use bag systems

HAEMOPHILIA, Issue 5 2008
T. BURNOUF
Summary., Cryoprecipitate is still used to treat factor VIII (FVIII), von Willebrand factor (VWF) and/or fibrinogen deficiency. Recently a solvent-detergent (S/D) process of minipools of cryoprecipitate performed in a closed bag system has been designed to improve its viral safety. Still, cryoprecipitate has other drawbacks, including low concentration in active proteins, and presence of haemolytic isoagglutinins. We report here the biochemical evaluation of S/D-treated minipools of cryoprecipitates depleted of cryo-poor plasma. Cryoprecipitates were solubilized by 8 mL of a sterile glucose/saline solution, pooled in batches of 40 donations and subjected to S/D treatment in a plastic bag system using either 2% TnBP or 1% TnBP-1%Triton X-45, followed by oil extractions (n = 10). Mean (±SD) FVIII and fibrinogen content was 8.86 (±1.29) IU mL,1 and 16.02 (±1.98) mg mL,1, and 8.92 (±1.05) IU mL,1 in cryoprecipitate minipools treated with 2% TnBP, and 17.26 (±1.71) mg mL,1, in those treated by TnBP-Triton X-45, respectively. The WWF antigen, ristocetin cofactor and collagen binding activities were close to 10, 7 and 8 IU mL,1, respectively, and were not affected by either SD treatment. VWF multimeric pattern of SD-treated cryoprecipitates were similar to that of normal plasma, and the >15 mers and >10 mers content was identical to that of the starting cryoprecipitates. The anti-A and anti-B titre was 0,1 and 0,1/8, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to prepare virally inactivated cryoprecipitate minipools depleted of isoagglutinins and enriched in functional FVIII, VWF and clottable fibrinogen. [source]