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Oil Composition (oil + composition)
Kinds of Oil Composition Selected AbstractsESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SALVIA VERBENACA L. GROWING WILD IN TUNISIAJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2010MOUNA BEN TAARIT ABSTRACT The essential oil of aerial parts of Salvia verbenaca L., collected in three different locations in Tunisia, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC,mass spectrometry. The oil yields of dried plants (w/w) were 0.09, 0.10 and 0.12% in Sabelet Ben Ammar, Sers and Somaa, respectively. Seventy-seven compounds were identified. The monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes had the highest contributions. The major constituents in Sabelet Ben Ammar were viridiflorol (21.8%), camphene (17.6%), methyl eugenol (9.4%) and ,-caryophyllene (7.1%), while those of essential oil collected from Somaa, were tricyclene (18.8%), nonane (10.3%), methyl eugenol (7.7%) and terpinolene (7.3%). In samples collected from Sers, essential oil consists mainly of (Z)-,-ocimene (29.5%), ,-phellandrene (8.2%), ,-thujone (7.9%) and ,-pinene (5.5%). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In this study, it has been found that the oils of wild-growing Salvia verbenaca L. in Tunisia are rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons with great economical values. The plant family Labiatae contains several species with potential therapeutic activity due to their essential oils. Pharmacology, pharmaceutical botany, medical and clinical microbiology, phytopathology and food preservation are some fields in which essential oils can be applied. Many Salvia spp. are used as herbal tea and for food flavoring, as well as in cosmetics, perfumery and the pharmaceutical industry. It has shown that essential oil of S. verbenaca have strong antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activities and peripheral analgesic properties. [source] Effect of dewaxing pretreatment on composition and stability of rice bran oil: Potential antioxidant activity of wax fractionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 8 2006Samia Mezouari Abstract The effect of dewaxing pretreatment on rice bran oil composition and stability was investigated, as well as the possibility to use rice bran oil waxes as natural antioxidants at high temperatures. A correlation between wax content and dewaxing time was noticed. The pre-dewaxing process led to a loss of minor compounds, which negatively affected the oxidative stability index (OSI) of the dewaxed oil. The addition of rice bran oil waxes improved the oil stability index and heat stability of sunflower oil. An increase of 60% of the OSI and a significant decrease in polymer formation (59.2%) were observed. [source] Histochemical localization of secretion and composition of the essential oil in Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum from Central ItalyFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Filippo Maggi Abstract The distribution and morphology of the secretory structures in Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum (Lamiaceae) were studied for the first time by light and scanning electron microscopy. The indumentum of the vegetative and reproductive organs includes non-glandular hairs and peltate (type A) and capitate (types B and C) glandular trichomes. Histochemical techniques enabled specific location of the site of essential oil accumulation in the type A peltate hairs. In order to confirm the occurrence of the 1-octen-3-ol chemotype in central Italy, six populations growing in different places were analysed for the essential oil composition by GC,FID and GC,MS. In all populations, 1-octen-3-ol was detected as the major volatile component, representing 56.3,70.6% of the total oils. To date, these percentages are the highest detected in a plant essential oil. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemical composition of the essential oils from Eriocephalus africanus L. var. africanus populations growing in SpainFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2007Hugo Merle Abstract Essential oils from the aerial parts of three Eriocephalus africanus L. var. africanus populations were analysed by means of GC,FID and GC,MS. Sixty-one constituents were identified, representing more than 96% of the total oil composition. Artemisia ketone (56.46,56.58%), intermedeol (9.19,11.63%) and , -eudesmol (4.26,5.64%) were the main compounds. Application of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed high similarity between the nine samples analysed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Prasium majus L. from GreeceFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2007A. Basta Abstract The essential oils from the aerial parts of Prasium majus (Labiatae), collected in two phenological stages in Greece, were analysed by GC,MS. Thirty-two compounds were identified, representing 99.8,99.9% of the total oils. The major constituents in sample A were 1-octen-3-ol (20.7%), , -pinene (14.7%) and linalool (13.8%), while those of sample B were dehydro-aromadendrene (31.8%), caryophyllene oxide (13.7%) and 1-octen-3-ol (12.4%). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile components of Thymus vulgaris L. from wild-growing and cultivated plants in JordanFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007M. Hudaib Abstract The composition of the essential oil hydrodistilled from the aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris L. grown in Jordan has been determined by GC and GC,MS. Variations in oil composition and yield between cultivated and wild-growing plants collected from different localities, at different altitudes, have been also evaluated. Higher oil yields were observed in plants growing wild (3.7,5.6% of dried material) than in cultivated plants (1.1,2.0%), and those collected from the Mshaqar region, in the middle of Jordan and at the highest altitude, were the richest in oil (,5.4%). Generally, the oil was characterized by marked levels of phenolic monoterpenoids (mainly thymol and carvacrol) in the range 70.8,89.0%. High levels of the monoterpenoid hydrocarbons p -cymene (3.4,8.2%) and , -terpinene (1.6,7.7%) were also observed. Other major components were 1,8-cineole (up to 2.1%), , -thujone (up to 1.2%), camphor (up to 1.1%) and , -caryophyllene (0.2,2.8%). With the exception of plants growing wild in the Ramtha region, in the far north of Jordan, carvacrol was found as the principal phenol of all other oils (50.6,86.1%) and was dominant (>85%) in wild plant oils. The oil from Ramtha was characterized by the highest level of thymol (,63.8%) as the dominant phenol and was most abundant in p -cymene (8.2%), 1,8-cineole (2.1%) and , -terpinene (7.7%). In addition to assigning carvacrol or thymol chemotypes to the plant, the high content of active monoterpenoid phenols strongly suggests a potential use of Jordanian thyme oil in cough products and antimicrobial,herbal drug combinations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Agastache anethiodora Britton (Lamiaceae) infected by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007Renato Bruni Abstract Giant hyssop, Agastache anethiodora Britton, cultivated at the Herb Garden of Casola Valsenio, Italy, has been found for the first time naturally infected by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Characteristic symptoms on the leaves were chlorotic or yellow mosaic, ring and line patterns and malformation, followed by yellowing and stunting of the entire plant. CMV was mechanically transmitted to species of the families Chenopodiaceae and Solanaceae and identified by applying PAS,ELISA and RT,PCR techniques. The essential oil of both healthy and CMV-infected plants has been evaluated by means of GC,FID and GC,MS, with the object of identifying composition differences caused by the disease. The infection of A. anethiodora by CMV was found to induce significant reduction in the yield of essential oil and several changes in the relative composition of the main components: pulegone, menthone, iso -menthone, methyl chavicole and limonene. Methyl chavicole content, in particular, was drastically reduced. The importance of the phytopathological status of essential oil-bearing plants is outlined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. from two localities in IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems plus leaves, inflorescences and seeds of Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. individually. The plants were collected from Khojir and Chaloos (north-east and north of Tehran province, respectively). The yields of stem plus leaf, inflorescence and seed oils for the Khojir samples were 0.04%, 1.98% and 5.33% w/w and for the Chalous samples were 0.37%, 1.74% and 4.05% w/w, respectively. Limonene is a major constituent in the inflorescence and seed oils of the Khojir (47.9% and 90.5%, respectively) and Chalous samples (37.8% and 70.8%, respectively), whereas it was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir and the Chalous samples in low amounts (1.4% and 0.8%, respectively). , -Terpinen-7-al is the major constituent in the stem plus leaf and inflorescence oils of the Khojir (69.9% and 37.6%) and Chalous samples (72.8% and 49.1%), but was not found at all in the seed oils. Caryophyllene oxide (9.1%) was found in the stem plus leaf oil of the Khojir sample, and methyl eugenol (9.7%) and (E)-nerolidol acetate (9.1%) in the seed oil of the Chalous sample. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Anthemis triumfetti (L.) DC.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Milica Pavlovi Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Anthemis triumfetti (Asteraceae), obtained by hydrodistillation, was analysed by GC and GC,MS; 64 compounds were identified, representing 98.3% of the oil. The major constituents were , -pinene (16.9%), camphor (15.0%), , -pinene (14.4%) and 1,8-cineole (5.8%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Croton cuneatus and Croton malambo growing in VenezuelaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2005Alírica I. Suárez Abstract The bark of Croton malambo and the aerial parts of Croton cuneatus were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain the essential oils of each specie. The composition of these samples were analysed by GC-MS and by NMR. The analysis of the C. malambo oil showed 36 constituents including traces, in which methyl eugenol (65.4%), methyl isoeugenol (6.3%), elemicine (4.7%), isoelemicine (3.4%), veratral (3.0%) and , -cadinol (4.1%) were the major components. C. cuneatus oil was found to be rich in phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpene alcohols, showing 43 compounds, where , -11-eudesmene (51.3%), methyleugenol (25.9%), 4- , -seleniol (10.2%), cedryl propyl ether (2.9%), , -cadinol (4.4%), cubenol (1.3%) methyl isoeugenol (1.2%), veratral (1.3%) and agarospirol (1.0%) were the most abundant compounds. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Salvia palaestina Benth. from IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2005P. Salehi Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil of Salvia palaestina Benth. growing wild in Iran, was examined by GC and GC,MS. 60 components, representing 91.7% of the total oil, were characterized. The main components were germacrene D (14.0%), , -bisabolene (11.9%), 1- epi -cubenol (9.8%), decanal (7.0%), , -caryophyllene (6.1%) and isobornyl butanoate (5.8%). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Pimpinella aurea D.C. from IranFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005F. Askari Abstract Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems, ,owers and seeds of Pimpinella aurea D.C. They were collected individually from Fasham (north-west of Tehran province). The yields of stem + leaf, ,ower and seed oils were 0.4%, 1.5% and 2.0% w/w, respectively; 32 constituents were identi,ed in the stem + leaf oil, 18 in the ,ower oil and eight in the seed oil. Major constituents of the stem + leaf oil were: 1,8-cineol and limonene (21.4%), viridi,orol (12.8%), , -pinene (11.5%), kessane (10.5%), germacrene D (4.9%), , -bisabolene (4.2%), , -zingiberene (3.3%) and citronellyl acetate (3.1%). Major constituents of the ,ower oil were: viridi,orol (32.5%), , -bisabolene (29.5%), caryophyllene oxide (6.6%), 1,8-cineol + limonene (8.9%) and estragol (5.1%). Major constituents of the seed oil were: , -bisabolene (50.8%), and viridi,orol (37.0%). Three compounds (, -bisabolene, viridi,orol and caryophyllene oxide) were common to all three oils. 1,8-Cineol and limonene, kessane and , -pinene were the major compounds in the stem + leaf and ,ower oils but were not found in the seed oil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Variation in essential oil composition of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) distilled by different distillation techniques,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005Kiran G. D. Babu Abstract The rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) cultivar ,Kelkar', grown in the agroclimatic conditions of the western Himalayas, was processed by various hydrodistillation methods, which revealed that water distillation of the herb gave a higher oil yield (0.16,0.22%) than the water,steam distillation (0.09,0.12%) and steam distillation methods (0.06,0.18%). The samples were analysed by GC and GC,MS to study and compare the essential oil compositions which revealed that the oil distilled by the water,steam distillation method contained a higher content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (1.7%), followed by steam distillation without cohobation and without recycling (1.5%). A higher content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (4.4%) was found in cumulative oil followed by ,direct oil' (4.2%) obtained by steam distillation with cohobation and without recycling of hydrosol, followed by the water,steam distillation method (3.4%). ,Decanted oil', recovered from redistilling the hydrosol obtained by steam distillation with cohobation and without recycling, contained maximum monoterpene cyclic ethers (1.1%) and carbonyl content (9.9%), closely followed by water,steam distillation method (1.1% and 7.2%, respectively). Steam distillation without cohobation and without recycling of hydrosol yielded essential oil with a higher percentage of esters (21.1%), followed by ,direct oil' (16.6%). Lower ester content (5.3%) was noticed in ,decanted oil', followed by oil distilled by steam distillation with cohobation and with recycling (11.8%) and oil distilled in a Clevenger apparatus by the water distillation method (12.2%), whereas maximum total alcohols were found in the ,decanted oil' (75.1%), followed by oil from the Clevenger apparatus (72.8%) and steam distillation with cohobation and with recycling (69.1%). A lower alcohol content was found in the ,direct oil' (55.2%) closely followed by ,cumulative oil' (55.8%). The variation in total alcohol and ester contents in geranium oil samples, distilled by using different processing techniques on pilot scale distillation, is mainly due to hydrolysis of some volatile constituents. This was further supported by acid values of the oils, along with other physicochemical properties, such as speci,c gravity, optical rotation, refractive index, solubility in alcohol, ester value with cold and hot methods, estimation of ester content as geranyl formate and geranyl tiglate, ester number after acetylation, and ester number after formylation with aceto-formic acid and formic acid. Methods have been standardized and proposed for distillations of speci,c quality, e.g. ester-rich and alcohol-rich geranium oils, to meet different requirements of the industry. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Biological lemon and sweet orange essential oil compositionFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2004A. Verzera Abstract The volatile fraction composition of sweet orange and lemon oils obtained using biological and traditional cultivation is reported. The oils came from Sicily and were industrially obtained. The aim of the research was to establish whether the use of pesticides in citrus cultivation could in,uence the essential oil composition. The volatile fraction was analysed by HRGC and HRGC,MS. The content of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides was determined by HRGC,FPD and HRGC,ECD. Differences in the oil composition resulted, especially in the content of carbonyl compounds; the results obtained, altogether, show that the biological oils are of higher quality in terms of their composition than traditional ones. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Signi,cance of changed climatic factors on essential oil composition of Echinacea purpurea under subtropical conditions,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2004R. K. Thappa Abstract Variation pattern in the composition of essential oil, hydrodistilled from the over-matured ,ower heads of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench under subtropical climate was characterized by GC,MS and GC analysis. The plants ,ower from June till December and climatic factors such as temperature and humidity were found to affect both the content and the composition of the essential oil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Extraction of rosemary essential oil by steam distillation and hydrodistillationFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2003C. Boutekedjiret Abstract Rosemary oil was extracted by both steam and hydrodistillations then analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography,mass spectrometry. The effect of time of extraction enabled us to follow the evolution of the yield and oil composition obtained by both processes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Callistemon viminalis leaves from IndiaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2003S. K. Srivastava Abstract The leaves of Callistemon viminalis, on hydrodistillation, gave 0.45% of an oil on a fresh weight basis. GC and GC,MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identi,cation of 42 constituents, representing 99.5% of the oil. 1,8-Cineole (61.7%), , -pinene (24.2%) and menthyl acetate (5.3%) were the major components. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Turkish herbal tea (Salvia aucheri Bentham var. canescens Boiss.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2003& Heldr.) Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Salvia aucheri var. canescens, collected from two different locations (Gülnar, sample A; and Silifke, sample B) growing endemic in Turkey, were analysed by GC,MS. The oil yields of dried plants (v/dw) obtained by hydrodistillation were 1.4% and 1.7%, respectively. Forty-two compounds were identi,ed, representing 98.6% and 99.5% of the oils from the two locations. The main constituents of the oils were: 1,8-cineole (32.3%, 28.6%), camphor (18.9%, 22.8%), borneol (8.2%, 8.9%), , -pinene (6.3%, 9.0%) and , -pinene (5.3%, 6.2%), respectively. The oils consisted of monoterpenic hydrocarbons (21.3%, 27.4%), oxygenated monoterpenes (66.4%, 64.9%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (6.3%, 3.1%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (4.1%, 4.1%), respectively. 1,8-Cineole and camphor were the major components of S. aucheri. var. canescens. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of tuberous roots of Pimpinella tirupatiensis Bal.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2002& Subr., India, an endemic taxon from eastern ghats Abstract The tuberous roots of Pimpinella tirupatiensis (Apiaceae) were subjected to sequential extraction with different polar solvents and the extracts were tested against eight bacterial and three fungal pathogenic strains for antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of active extracts against six bacterial and two fungal strains were determined. The hexane and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and were analysed for different phytochemicals. The active extracts contained significant amounts of alkaloids, flavonols, flavones and volatile oils. The hexane extract yielded an essential oil when subjected to GC with FID. The compounds were identified based on their retention indices and yielded 24 known compounds and one unknown compound. The major compounds are ,-bisabolene (9.2%), ,-3-carene (8.9%), cis -carveol (6.7%), elemol (5.8%), ,-cadinol (4.4%), methyl geranate (4.3%) and ,-nonalactone (3.4%). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium L. growing wild in Kashmir, IndiaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2002A. S. Shawl Abstract The aerial parts from the flowering plants of Achillea millefolium L., on hydrodistillation gave 0.014% (v/w) of an oil on fresh weight basis. GC and GC,MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 86 constituents, representing 97% of the oil. Camphor (28%), 1,8-cineole (12%), germacrene-D (12%) and cis -chrysanthenyl acetate (8%) were the major components. Further comparison of our results with those mentioned in the literature suggests that A. millefolium oils vary greatly along the species range. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile constituents of Vietnamese pummelo, orange, tangerine and lime peel oilsFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2002N. T. Minh Tu Abstract The compositions of Vietnamese pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck), orange (C. sinensis Osbeck), tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco var. tangerine) and lime (C. limonia Osbeck) peel oil samples have been investigated by GC and GC,MS. The essential oils were extracted by the cold-pressing method. Hydrocarbons, followed by aldehydes and alcohols, were the most abundant compounds in all four kinds of samples. Their percentages, respectively, were >98.7%, >97.6%, >98.6% and >95.4% in hydrocarbons; >0.3%, 0.4%, >0.3% and 1.1% in total aldehydes; 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.4% and 0.7% in alcohols. In Vietnamese pummelo oil, ,-terpinene was not detected, while terpinolene was detected in small amounts and nootkatone only at a level of <0.05%. Orange oil composition was comparable to that of other sweet orange oils. ,-3-Carene was detected at a level of 0.1%. Tangerine oil is easily distinguished from other citrus oils by its content of various aliphatic aldehydes. Lime oil presented a very different composition from the other oils studied. Its limonene content was substantially lower than that of pummelo, orange and tangerine oils, whereas ,-terpinene, ,-pinene and ,-pinene occurred in higher proportions, moreover, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fraction of this oil is qualitatively more complex and quantitatively more abundant than in the other oils. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii from IndiaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002V. K. Raina Abstract An Erratum for this article has been published in Flavour and Fragrance Journal 17(5) 2002, 404. The essential oil composition of four genetically diverse stocks of Murraya koenigii leaves cultivated at the CIMAP Research Farm, Lucknow, were analysed by GC and GC,MS. The oil from the stock of the northern Indian plains, Lucknow, showed ,-pinene (70.0%), ,-caryophyllene (6.5%) and ,-pinene (5.4%) as the major constituents, while the oil from the stock of the lower Himalayan range, Pant Nagar, showed ,-pinene (65.7%), ,-pinene (13.4%) and ,-phellandrene (7.4%) as the major constituents. In contrast to the above, the oil from the stock of southern India, Kozhikode, showed ,-caryophyllene (53.9%), aromadendrene (10.7%) and ,-selinene (6.3%) as the major constituents. On the other hand, the oil from the stock of eastern India, Bhubaneshwar, showed ,-phellandrene (30.2%), ,-caryophyllene (24.2%), ,-pinene (15.0%), (E)-,-ocimene (5.0%) and aromadendrene (4.5%) as the major constituents. The GC,MS analysis of the stock oil samples from the northern Indian plains, lower Himalayan range, southern and eastern India resulted in the identification of 65, 56, 57 and 66, constituents, representing 99.2%, 98.8%, 87.4% and 98.2% of the oils, respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Zanthoxylum alatum seeds from northern IndiaFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2001Neetu Jain Abstract The seeds of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb., on hydrodistillation, gave 1.5% of oil (v/w). GC and GC,MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 56 constituents, representing 99.5% of the oil. Linalool (71%), limonene (8.2%), ,-phellandrene (5.7%) and (Z)-methylcinnamate (4.9%) were the major components. It is suggested that the seeds of Z. alatum can be used as a commercial source for the isolation of linalool. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume leaves from Little Andaman, India,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2001V. K. Raina Abstract The leaf oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume grown in Little Andaman was analysed by GC and GC,MS. Forty-seven constituents, representing 99.96% of the oil, were identified. The main constituents of the oil were eugenol (76.60%), linalool (8.5%) and piperitone (3.31%). The composition of the oil is comparable to cinnamon leaf oil produced in Bangalore and Hyderabad (south India) in terms of eugenol and linalool contents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] FT-IR measurements of petroleum fluid inclusions: methane, n -alkanes and carbon dioxide quantitative analysisGEOFLUIDS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2001J. Pironon Abstract A recent advancement in petroleum geochemistry is to model fossil oil composition using microthermometric and volumetric data acquired from individual fluid inclusion analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy can record compositional information related to gas (CH4 and CO2) and alkane contents of petroleum inclusions. In this study, a quantitative procedure for FT-IR microspectrometry has been developed to obtain, from individual fluid inclusions, mol percentage concentrations of methane, alkanes and carbon dioxide as constraints to thermodynamic modelling. A petroleum inclusion in a sample from the Québec City Promontory nappe area was used as standard to record a reference spectrum of methane. The analytical procedure is based on the measurement of CH4/alkane and CH4/CO2 band area ratios. CH4/alkane infrared band area ratio is obtained after spectral subtraction of the reference methane spectrum. This area ratio, affected by absolute absorption intensities of methane, methyl and methylene, provides a molar CH4/alkane ratio. Methyl/methylene ratio (CH2/CH3) ratio is obtained following procedures established in previous work. CO2/CH4 concentration ratio is estimated from relative absolute absorption intensities. Application to natural inclusions from different environments shows good correlation between FT-IR quantification and PIT (petroleum inclusion thermodynamic) modelling. [source] Essential oil composition of commercial black tea (Camellia sinensis)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Saima Rehman Summary The essential oil components of different tea brands were investigated by gas chromatography. The oil yields of dried tea samples were ranged from 0.09% to 0.63%. Twenty-five compounds from Supreme and Lipton Yellow Label tea brands representing 98.0% and 88.0% of the Camellia sinensis oil were identified, respectively. The main ones were ,-pinene (51.2%) and ,-pinene (30.2%). Nineteen components from Tapal tea brand representing 76.7% of the C. sinensis oil were determined with high contents of muurol-5-en-4-a-ol (10.5%) and muurol-5-en-4-b-ol (31.3%). Fifteen components from Deer and Diana tea brands were identified, accounting for 83.3% and 78.2% of the oil containing ,-cadinol and ,-pinene. Seventeen components from non-branded teas were determined with high contents of muurol-5-en-4-a-ol and muurol-5-en-4-b-ol. Twenty-one compounds from non-branded Bangladeshi Shezan and Indian teas were also identified. All oils consisted of monoterpenic hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. [source] LOCATION EFFECTS ON OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF CHÉTOUI VIRGIN OLIVE OILJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2006SONIA BEN TEMIME ABSTRACT The effect of growing area on the natural antioxidant and oxidative stability of Chétoui virgin olive oil was studied. Total phenolic content, tocopherol composition, fatty acid composition and oxidative stability were analyzed. The results obtained in this study showed that Chétoui virgin olive oil composition is greatly influenced by growing environment, i.e., mainly by the climatic and pedologic factors. The cumulative rainfall appears to have a major influence on phenolic and o -diphenol content. Among studied samples, Amdoun oil had the highest total phenolic content, which exceeded 700 mg/kg. Moreover, it contained the highest amounts of o -diphenols 286.08 ± 6.74 mg/kg and total tocopherols 405.65 ± 4.17 mg/kg. The amounts of total phenols and o -diphenols showed a good correlation (P , 0.001) with stability while tocopherols showed a very low relation to oxidative stability. [source] Factors Dominating Adhesion of NaCl onto Potato ChipsJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 8 2007V.E. Buck ABSTRACT:, In this study, the adhesion factors examined were time between frying and coating, surface oil content, chip temperature, oil composition, NaCl size, NaCl shape, and electrostatic coating. Three different surface oil content potato chips, high, low, and no, were produced. Oils used were soybean, olive, corn, peanut, and coconut. After frying, chips were coated immediately, after 1 d, and after 1 mo. NaCl crystals of 5 different particle sizes (24.7, 123, 259, 291, and 388 ,m) were coated both electrostatically and nonelectrostatically. Adhesion of cubic, dendritic, and flake crystals was examined. Chips were coated at different temperatures. Chips with high surface oil had the highest adhesion of salt, making surface oil content the most important factor. Decreasing chip temperature decreased surface oil and adhesion. Increasing time between frying and coating reduced adhesion for low surface oil chips, but did not affect high and no surface oil chips. Changing oil composition did not affect adhesion. Increasing salt size decreased adhesion. Salt size had a greater effect on chips with lower surface oil content. When there were significant differences, cubic crystals gave the best adhesion followed by flake crystals then dendritic crystals. For high and low surface oil chips, electrostatic coating did not change adhesion of small size crystals but decreased adhesion of large salts. For no surface oil content chips, electrostatic coating improved adhesion for small salt sizes but did not affect adhesion of large crystals. [source] Extraction of Poppy Seed Oil Using Supercritical CO2JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 2 2003B. Bozan ABSTRACT: Extraction of poppy seed oil with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was performed and the effect of extraction conditions on oil solubility and yield as well as oil composition was evaluated. Within the temperature (50 to 70 °C) and pressure (21 to 55 MPa) ranges studied, 55 MPa/70 °C gave the highest oil solubility (24.1 mg oil/g CO2) and oil yield (38.7 g oil/100g seed). Fatty acid composition of the oil obtained with SC-CO2 at 55 MPa/70 °C was similar to that of petroleum ether-extracted oil (p > 0.05) with linoleic acid making up 69.0 to 73.7% of fatty acids. Tocol content of the SC-CO2 -extracted oils varied from 22.37 to 33.35 mg/100 g oil, which was higher than that of petroleum ether-extracted oil (15.28 mg/100 g oil). Poppy seed oil may have potential in the rapidly growing specialty oil market. [source] Molecular thermodynamics of asphaltene precipitation in reservoir fluidsAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2000Jianzhong Wu A previously described molecular-thermodynamic framework, based on colloid theory, is used to correlate experimental asphaltene-precipitation data at high-temperature and pressure conditions. In this framework, asphaltenes and resins are represented by pseudopure components, and all other components in a crude oil are presented by a continuous medium that affects van der Waals attractions among asphaltene and resin molecules. Model parameters are evaluated systematically from average properties of asphaltenes and resins in crude oils, and from dispersion-force properties of the oil medium. Given the composition of the medium, and asphaltene and resin concentrations, the molecular-thermodynamic model described here can be used to identify the onset of asphaltene precipitation, and the total amount of precipitation at the given operation conditions. Calculated results for the effects of oil composition and pressure on asphaltene precipitation are in good agreement with at least some experimental measurements for four reservoir fluids, including Texaco, Shell, Weyburn, and North-Sea crude oils. [source] | ||||||||||||||||