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Oesophageal Mucosa (oesophageal + mucosa)
Selected AbstractsPotential role of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 in the pathogenesis of erosive and non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux diseaseALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 4 2010C. Calabrese Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 603,611 Summary Background, Cannabinoid (CB) receptors have been located in brain areas involved in the triggering of TLESRs as well as in the nodose ganglion from which vagal afferents emanate. The distribution of CB1 receptors has been investigated in the human gastrointestinal mucosa, as expression of inflammatory process. Aim, To evaluate the CB1 expression in oesophageal mucosa. Methods, A total of 87 consecutive subjects were enrolled: 10 controls, 39 NERD and 38 erosive oesophagitis. Eight specimens were taken from macroscopically normal mucosa. Five were processed by haematoxylin,eosin, MIB1/CB1 evaluation and three for the RNA and proteins extraction. Results, The mean MIB1-LI value was 31% and 22% in NERD and ERD patients, respectively, compared to 68% in the healthy subjects. Mean CB1mRNA/GUSB mRNA value of the controls was 0.66, while in GERD patients, it was 0.28. In NERD and ERD, the mean values of CB1/GUSB were 0.38 and 0.17, respectively, with highly significant differences between the NERD vs. ERD groups. Semi-quantitative analysis of CB1 expression, performed with WB, shows in NERD patients a higher CB1 receptor expression than ERD patients. Conclusions, With this study, we showed for the first time the presence of CB1 receptors in the human oesophageal epithelium. [source] There are no reliable symptoms for erosive oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus: endoscopic diagnosis is still essentialALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 4 2002B. Avidan Aims: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of different symptoms in erosive reflux oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus. Methods: The presence of reflux symptoms was compared between a case population of 306 patients with endoscopically determined erosive reflux oesophagitis, 235 patients with biopsy-proven Barrett's oesophagus and a control population of 198 subjects without reflux disease. Results: Heartburn at any time and heartburn at night represented the only two symptoms to be simultaneously sensitive and specific. Symptoms that were induced by various foods, such as fat, tomato, chocolate, citrus or spices, tended to cluster in the same sub-group of patients. Similarly, heartburn induced by exercise, lying down or bending over tended to occur in the same sub-groups. The frequency of symptoms was influenced more by the presence of mucosal erosions than by the presence of Barrett's oesophagus. Reflux symptoms occurred more frequently in the presence rather than the absence of Barrett's oesophagus, and in long segment rather than short segment of Barrett's mucosa. Conclusions: Endoscopic inspection of the oesophageal mucosa remains the only certain method by which to reliably diagnose erosive reflux oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus. [source] Proximal oesophagus: the added value in understanding GORD symptomsNEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 8 2009M. Cicala Abstract, Over the past decade, the approach to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the aetiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) symptoms has changed, and growing evidence now supports the concept that visceral hyper-sensitivity to intra-oesophageal stimuli plays a major role. Among the recent advances, one of the more consistent findings is that the contact of the refluxate, either acidic or weakly acidic, with the proximal oesophageal mucosa, is a main determinant of GORD symptoms, particularly in the large majority of patients affected by non-erosive reflux disease. The data reported in the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility by Bredenoord et al., showing only a small proportion of proximal reflux in patients with Barrett's oesophagus, who are less sensitive to gastro-oesophageal reflux, further support the consistency of this finding in the pathogenesis of symptoms. In the light of these results, we shall look forward, in the management of patients, to approaches aimed at restoring the antireflux barrier, hopefully decreasing the amount of reflux and, in turn, its proximal extent. [source] Immunohistolocalization and Gene Expression of the Secretory Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes (CA-VI) in Canine Oral Mucosa, Salivary Glands and OesophagusANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 1 2007T. Kasuya Summary The immunohistolocalization of secretory carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CA-VI) in canine salivary glands, parotid, submandibular, sublingual and zygomatic glands, oral and oesophageal mucosa was studied using a specific antiserum against a canine CA-VI. In addition, the gene expression of CA-VI from the same tissue was studied using a real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In all salivary glands and oesophageal gland, immunostaining intensely localized CA-VI antiserum throughout the cytoplasm of serous acinar cells, including serous demilune and ductal epithelial cells. In contrast, no immunoreaction localized CA-VI in the mucous acinar cells of the gland. CA-VI gene transcripts were also detected in the same areas. The physiological significance of secretory CA-VI in the oral and oesophageal cavity is thought to play a highly specialized role in the maintenance of bicarbonate level in saliva and to protect mucosa from acid injury. It is shown that the major sites of the CA-VI secretion in dogs were in serous (demilune) secretory cells in all four major salivary glands and oesophageal glands in particular. [source] Comparison of IY81149 with omeprazole in rat reflux oesophagitisAUTONOMIC & AUTACOID PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 5-6 2000B. J. Kil 1 This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of IY81149{2-[[(4methoxy-3-methyl)-2-pyridinyl]methylsulfinyl]-5-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazole}, a new proton pump inhibitor, on the development of the surgically induced reflux oesophagitis, on gastric secretion and on lipid peroxidation which is a marker of oxidative stress. Omeprazole was used as a reference drug. We furthermore investigated the influence of quercetin and desferrioxamine (DFO) on the development of the surgically induced reflux oesophagitis in rats on gastric secretion and on lipid peroxidation. 2 IY81149 and omeprazole significantly prevented the development of reflux oesophagitis and gastric secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The ED50 values of IY81149 for inhibition of oesophagitis and volume of gastric secretion were lower than of omeprazole (5.7 vs. 14.2 ,mol, 15.3 vs. 24.0 ,mol, respectively). IY81149 was also more potent in the acid output inhibition with an ED50 of 6.8 ,mol compared with 20.8 ,mol of omeprazole. 3 Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content, the end product of lipid peroxidation, increased significantly in the oesophageal mucosa after the induction of reflux oesophagitis. IY81149 and omeprazole significantly and dose-dependently prevented lipid peroxidation. Quercetin (200 mg kg,1, p.o.) and DFO (800 mg kg,1, i.d.) significantly prevented the development of reflux oesophagitis and inhibited the lipid peroxidation independent of their actions on gastric secretion. 4 This result suggests that IY81149 is comparable with omeprazole in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. [source] Tachykinin-induced contraction of the guinea-pig isolated oesophageal mucosa is mediated by NK2 receptorsBRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 7 2000Karen P Kerr The tachykinin receptor present in the guinea-pig oesophageal mucosa that mediates contractile responses of the muscularis mucosae has been characterized, using functional in vitro experiments. The NK1 receptor-selective agonist, [Sar9(O2)Met11]SP and the NK3 receptor-selective agonists, [MePhe7]-NKB and senktide, produced no response at submicromolar concentrations. The NK2 receptor-selective agonists, [Nle10]-NKA(4,10), and GR 64,349 produced concentration-dependent contractile effects with pD2 values of 8.20±0.16 and 8.30±0.15, respectively. The concentration-response curve to the non-selective agonist, NKA (pD2=8.13±0.04) was shifted significantly rightwards only by the NK2 receptor-selective antagonist, GR 159,897 and was unaffected by the NK1 receptor-selective antagonist, SR 140,333 and the NK3 receptor-selective antagonist, SB 222,200. The NK2 receptor-selective antagonist, GR 159,897, exhibited an apparent competitive antagonism against the NK2 receptor-selective agonist, GR 64,349 (apparent pKB value=9.29±0.16) and against the non-selective agonist, NKA (apparent pKB value=8.71±0.19). The NK2 receptor-selective antagonist, SR 48,968 exhibited a non-competitive antagonism against the NK2 receptor-selective agonist, [Nle10]-NKA(4,10). The pKB value was 10.84±0.19. It is concluded that the guinea-pig isolated oesophageal mucosa is a useful preparation for studying the effects of NK2 receptor-selective agonists and antagonists as the contractile responses to various tachykinins are mediated solely by NK2 receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 131, 1461,1467; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703708 [source] Barrett's esophagus and Cornelia de Lange SyndromeACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 9 2010Francesco Macchini Abstract Aim:, To review the records of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CDLS) children, affected by Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), to detect the presence of Barrett's Esophagus (BE). Methods:, A total of 62 CDLS patients were investigated for GERD (1 month,35 years). In all of them a pH-metry, an upper endoscopy with multiple biopsies and a complete radiologic digestive evaluation were carried out. BE was diagnosed in case of replacement of oesophageal mucosa by specialized intestinal-type columnar mucosa. Anti-reflux surgery was considered in case of persistence of BE after medical therapy. Follow-up (mean 3.5 years) consisted in endoscopy every 6 months . Results:, Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was found in 50 CDLS patients (80%) and BE in six of them (12% of the GERD group, 9.6% of the entire population, mean age 17 years, range 6,32 years). A short segment BE was observed in three patients, a long one in two patients and an infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the lower oesophagus in one patient. Conclusions:, A higher frequency of BE in CDLS patients than in a normal population is found. A delayed diagnosis because of atypical GERD symptoms and an altered intestinal motility as a result of neurological impairment can be recognized as the main cause. [source] Eosinophil infiltration of the oesophageal mucosa in patients with pollen allergy during the seasonCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 11 2005K. Onbasi Summary Background The oesophagus is normally devoid of eosinophils. There are some disorders accompanying with eosinophil infiltration. Food allergy has been reported as a common reason, especially in children but some other studies have also indicated that aeroallergens might have a role in oesophageal eosinophil accumulation. Objective In this study we investigated whether there is any eosinophil recruitment in the oesophagus of pollen-allergic patients who had respiratory symptoms during the season. Methods Thirty-eight symptomatic patients (allergic rhinitis (AR) with or without asthma) who had sensitization to grass pollen were included in the study during the pollen season. Controls were composed of 25 healthy non-atopics and 24 patients diagnosed as having gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Reflux was excluded in allergic and non-atopic groups, whereas the presence of allergy was eliminated in control groups. Gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in all participants, and biopsy specimens were taken from both the proximal and the distal oesophagus to evaluate eosinophil accumulation. At the same time, blood eosinophil numbers were counted. Results Oesophageal eosinophil accumulation was found in 10 allergic patients (26%) and in five patients (21%) with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease but none of the healthy controls had eosinophils (0%) (P<0.05). Blood eosinophils were higher in these 10 patients than the rest of the 28 patients without infiltration. In this group, blood eosinophils were also correlated with the number of accumulated eosinophils in the oesophagus (P<0.001). There was more intense eosinophil infiltration at the distal part of the oesophagus in the reflux group when compared with the allergic group (mean 7.6±5.6 vs. 3.2±3.7). Nevertheless, eosinophils were found to be concentrated (mean 5.5±7.3) in the proximal oesophagus of allergic patients, although it was 1.7±1.5 in reflux patients (P>0.05). Conclusion Our results showed that eosinophil infiltration might be observed in oesophageal tissue of patients with respiratory tract allergy during the symptomatic period. This finding may possibly reflect the systemic and common mucosal aspects of allergic inflammation. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||