Non-diabetic Populations (non-diabetic + population)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Affective and anxiety disorders in a German sample of diabetic patients: prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 3 2005
N. Hermanns
Abstract Aims The aims of this study were to examine (1) the prevalence of clinical and subclinical anxiety and affective disorders in a sample of diabetic patients attending a secondary care clinic in Germany and (2) risk factors associated with the occurrence of these disorders. Methods Four hundred and twenty diabetic patients (36.9% Type 1; 24.7% Type 2; 38.4% Type 2 with insulin) participated in a questionnaire-based screening survey. Those who screened positive received a diagnostic interview. Results Prevalence of clinical affective disorders was 12.6%, with an additional 18.8% of patients reporting depressive symptoms without fulfilling all criteria for a clinical affective disorder. The prevalence of anxiety disorders was 5.9%, with an additional 19.3% of patients reporting some anxiety symptoms. The comorbidity rate of affective and anxiety disorders was 1.8%, whereas 21.4% of the diabetic patients reported elevated affective as well as anxiety symptomatology. Logistic regression established demographic variables such as age, female gender and living alone as well as diabetes-specific parameters such as insulin treatment in Type 2 diabetes, hypoglycaemia problems and poor glycaemic control as risk factors for affective disorders. For anxiety symptoms female gender, younger age and Type 2 diabetes were significant independent variables. Conclusion The prevalence of affective disorders in diabetic patients was twofold higher than in the non-diabetic population, whereas prevalence for anxiety disorders was not increased. Analysis of risk factors can facilitate the identification of patients who are at a greater risk for these disorders. [source]


Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase reductase gene polymorphisms and protection from microvascular complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

PEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 4pt2 2008
Esko J Wiltshire
Abstract:, Folate status has been associated with endothelial dysfunction in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and elevated total plasma homoocyst(e)ine (tHcy) is a risk for vascular disease in the non-diabetic population. Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate and homocysteine metabolism are implicated in vascular disease. We aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) genes are risk factors for early microvascular disease in a large group of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Four hundred and eighty adolescents were screened annually for retinopathy and microalbuminuria for a median of 4 yr. Molecular analysis for the polymorphisms 677C,T, 1298A,C in MTHFR, and 66A,G in MTRR was performed. The MTRR 66GG genotype reduced the risk for elevated albumin excretion rate (AER) (OR 0.47, CI 0.25, 0.88, p = 0.018) and showed a trend to reduced risk for microalbuminuria (OR 0.27, CI 0.06,1.21, p = 0.09). Survival without elevated AER was increased with the MTRR 66GG genotype (12.4 vs. 9.7 yr, p = 0.04) and with the MTHFR 1298CC genotype (15.2 vs. 10.2 yr, p = 0.007). Conversely, survival without retinopathy was reduced with the MTHFR 677TT and MTRR 66GG combined genotype (6.2 vs. 10.2 yr, p = 0.015). The MTRR 66GG and MTHFR 1298 CC genotypes may confer protection against early nephropathy, possibly because they are associated with lower tHcy. The MTHFR 677 TT was only related to earlier onset retinopathy in combination with MTRR 66GG. [source]


Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have elevated levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 that are not influenced by the ,2518 A,G promoter polymorphism

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Issue 5 2005
B. Zietz
Aim:, To investigate the association of serum levels and the ,2518 A,G promoter polymorphism of the gene for chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a major chemoattractant of monocytes and activated lymphocytes, with metabolic parameters as well as insulin, leptin and the cytokines tumour necrosis factor-, (TNF-,) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in 534 Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods:, MCP-1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MCP-1 genotyping was performed by RFLP analysis in a subset of 426 patients. Results:, Two hundred and thirty-one (54.2%) patients were homozygous for the wildtype allele (AA), 156 (36.6%) were heterozygous (AG) and 39 (9.2%) were homozygous for the mutated allele (GG). Allelic frequency was similar to non-diabetic populations (wildtype allele A: 0.73; mutated allele G: 0.27). MCP-1 mean concentrations and percentiles were substantially higher in non-diabetic populations but were not influenced by the genotype (AA: 662.0 ± 323.0 pg/ml; AG: 730.6 ± 491.4 pg/ml; GG: 641.2 ± 323.8 pg/ml). MCP-1 serum levels and genotypes were only marginally related to hormones (insulin and leptin) and cytokines (TNF-, and IL-6). Conclusions:, This is the first study providing MCP-1 levels, percentiles and genotype frequency in a large and representative cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compared to the literature, MCP-1 levels were found to be substantially higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, genotype frequencies were similar compared to those in non-diabetic patients and were not related to MCP-1 levels. The mechanisms behind these elevated MCP-1 serum levels in type 2 diabetes are not to be explained by simple associations with hormones, cytokines or genotypes. [source]


Relationship of glucose regulation to changes in weight: a systematic review and guide to future research

DIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 5 2010
Ching-Ju Chiu
Abstract Although weight gain and obesity are risk factors for poor glucose regulation, the relationship, if any, of glucose regulation to changes in weight is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research examining the relationship of glucose regulation to changes in weight in human-based studies and to provide guidelines for future research in this area. We searched electronic databases and reference sections of relevant articles, including both diabetic and non-diabetic populations, to locate all the literature published before February 2010, and then conducted a systematic review across studies to compare the research designs and findings. The 22 studies meeting our criteria for review generally supported the relationship of glucose regulation to changes in weight. Three studies reported that poor glucose regulation is associated with weight gain; 12 studies concluded that poor glucose regulation is associated with weight loss; 5 showed complex relationships depending on age, sex, or race/ethnicity; and 2 suggested no relationship. The diverse findings may imply that the direction (negative or positive) of the relationship may depend on specific conditions. More research focused on different subpopulations may provide more definitive information supplemental to the current preliminary findings. Recommendations regarding future research in this particular area are provided in the discussion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Considerations for treating dyslipidemia in special diabetic populations

DIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 2 2002
Anne Peters Harmel
Abstract This is a review of the problem of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in special diabetic populations. Clearly all patients with diabetes are at increased risk for CVD compared to non-diabetic populations. But within the subset that is patients with diabetes there are individuals who are particularly vulnerable. These groups include women, who are often overlooked and undertreated for their cardiovascular risk. Additionally, it includes those with fewer resources, many from minority populations, who are at very high risk for poor preventive care and serious cardiovascular morbidity. This review details the risk for CVD in a variety of different diabetic high-risk groups. It then discusses treatment options and approaches that should be employed in these populations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


The impact of atherosclerotic renovascular disease on diabetic renal failure

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 11 2002
A. J. Nicholls
Abstract Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) is common in thegeneral population, and its prevalence increases with age. Parallelstudies show it is also common in patients with diabetes. The widespreaduse of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptorantagonists for heart and kidney disease might therefore expose arteriopathicdiabetic patients to potential harm if they had critical renal arterystenosis. This review looks at the natural history of ARVD in thediabetic and non-diabetic populations: while it is common, it only rarelyleads to renal failure. Hence intervention to revascularize ischaemic kidneyson the basis of radiological appearances alone may subject somepatients to unnecessary therapy. Although untested by randomizedtrial, a policy of watchful waiting may be the simplest strategyfor most diabetic patients with suspected ARVD, reserving angiography andangioplasty (usually backed up by a stent) for those with an abruptdecline in renal function and no other cause for renal deterioration. Futureclinical trials may better define subgroups of patients who will trulybenefit from renal revascularization. [source]