Nodularin Concentrations (nodularin + concentration)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Nodularin uptake by seafood during a cyanobacterial bloom

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 6 2001
P. G. Van Buynder
Abstract The problem of blue-green algal toxin contamination of recreational waters and drinking water catchments is well described, as is the potential contamination of associated seafood. Algal contamination of Victorian waterways is now a widespread annual occurrence and, in some regions, the intersection of blooms and commercial fishing threatens the food safety of large numbers of people. Toxin levels which produce no observed adverse effect in animal studies were used to derive safe tolerable daily intake levels. These ,acceptable levels' were then modified to protect against potential acute health risks associated with short-term exposures. National food surveys were used to derive likely seafood intakes and thus, in combination with ,safe toxin levels', health alert levels for seafood were formulated. During the summer of 2001 a bloom of Nodularia spumigena occurred in the Gippsland Lakes area of Southern Victoria. During the bloom, seafood samples were collected and nodularin concentrations were estimated. Nodularin concentrations reached levels of concern in mussels and in prawn viscera at cell counts as low as 30,000 cells/ml. Nodularin concentrations in the flesh of finfish remained low. Boiling the seafood redistributed toxin between viscera and flesh. The results were used to restrict some seafood harvesting. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 468,471, 2001 [source]


Detection of nodularin in flounders and cod from the Baltic Sea

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 2 2001
Vesa Sipiä
Abstract The brackish water cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena regularly forms waterblooms in the Baltic Sea. Many N. spumigena strains can produce nodularin, a hepatotoxic penta-peptide, which has caused several animal poisonings in the Baltic Sea area. To improve our understanding of nodularin bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms this study measured nodularin in flounder and cod caught from the Baltic Sea. Flounders were collected from the western Gulf of Finland in July 1996, September 1997, and September 1998, and from the Gulf of Bothnia in August 1997 and September 1998. Flounders were also collected from the coastal areas of Sweden in the Baltic Proper during September 1998. Cod were caught from the southern Baltic Sea in August 1998. Livers and muscles of the 1997 fish were isolated, extracted, and analysed for nodularin using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibition assay. Approximately 30,70 ng of nodularin/g dry weight (maximum value 140 ng/g) were found in the liver tissue samples by ELISA and PP1 inhibition. These concentrations were below the detection limit of HPLC. PP1 assay showed inhibition also in muscle samples, but this may due to other compounds present in the muscle extracts rather than NODLN or due to matrix interference. The recovery of nodularin from liver tissue with ELISA and PP1 assays was about 30%. Nodularin concentrations in samples are not corrected for recovery. Although the concentrations of nodularin found in this study are low further studies of nodularin are needed to assess possible bioaccumulation in brackish water food webs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 121,126, 2001 [source]


Physiological effects in juvenile three-spined sticklebacks feeding on toxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena -exposed zooplankton

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
J.-P. Pääkkönen
Feeding rate, growth and nutritional condition as well as nodularin concentration of juvenile three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus were assessed in an experimental study where field-collected fish were given a diet of zooplankton fed with toxic Nodularia spumigena for 15 days. Food consumption was higher in N. spumigena bloom conditions compared with the cyanobacterium-free control, but despite this the growth rate of exposed fish did not improve. Control fish and fish fed N. spumigena -exposed zooplankton had higher RNA:DNA ratios and protein content than fish grown in cyanobacterial bloom conditions indicating good nutritional condition and recent growth of fish, whereas in bloom conditions metabolic transformation of nodularin to less toxic compounds may cause an energetic cost to the fish affecting the growth rate of the whole organism. Juvenile three-spined sticklebacks collected from the field contained higher concentrations of nodularin at the beginning of the experiment (mean 503·1 ,g kg,1). After 15 days, the lowest nodularin concentrations in fish were measured in the control treatment, suggesting that fish fed with non-toxic food are able to detoxify nodularin from their tissues more effectively than fish in continuing exposure. [source]


Nodularin uptake by seafood during a cyanobacterial bloom

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 6 2001
P. G. Van Buynder
Abstract The problem of blue-green algal toxin contamination of recreational waters and drinking water catchments is well described, as is the potential contamination of associated seafood. Algal contamination of Victorian waterways is now a widespread annual occurrence and, in some regions, the intersection of blooms and commercial fishing threatens the food safety of large numbers of people. Toxin levels which produce no observed adverse effect in animal studies were used to derive safe tolerable daily intake levels. These ,acceptable levels' were then modified to protect against potential acute health risks associated with short-term exposures. National food surveys were used to derive likely seafood intakes and thus, in combination with ,safe toxin levels', health alert levels for seafood were formulated. During the summer of 2001 a bloom of Nodularia spumigena occurred in the Gippsland Lakes area of Southern Victoria. During the bloom, seafood samples were collected and nodularin concentrations were estimated. Nodularin concentrations reached levels of concern in mussels and in prawn viscera at cell counts as low as 30,000 cells/ml. Nodularin concentrations in the flesh of finfish remained low. Boiling the seafood redistributed toxin between viscera and flesh. The results were used to restrict some seafood harvesting. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 16: 468,471, 2001 [source]


Physiological effects in juvenile three-spined sticklebacks feeding on toxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena -exposed zooplankton

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
J.-P. Pääkkönen
Feeding rate, growth and nutritional condition as well as nodularin concentration of juvenile three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus were assessed in an experimental study where field-collected fish were given a diet of zooplankton fed with toxic Nodularia spumigena for 15 days. Food consumption was higher in N. spumigena bloom conditions compared with the cyanobacterium-free control, but despite this the growth rate of exposed fish did not improve. Control fish and fish fed N. spumigena -exposed zooplankton had higher RNA:DNA ratios and protein content than fish grown in cyanobacterial bloom conditions indicating good nutritional condition and recent growth of fish, whereas in bloom conditions metabolic transformation of nodularin to less toxic compounds may cause an energetic cost to the fish affecting the growth rate of the whole organism. Juvenile three-spined sticklebacks collected from the field contained higher concentrations of nodularin at the beginning of the experiment (mean 503·1 ,g kg,1). After 15 days, the lowest nodularin concentrations in fish were measured in the control treatment, suggesting that fish fed with non-toxic food are able to detoxify nodularin from their tissues more effectively than fish in continuing exposure. [source]