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Architectural Principles (architectural + principle)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Engineering50%

Selected Abstracts

Lipopolysaccharides of anaerobic beer spoilage bacteria of the genus Pectinatus, lipopolysaccharides of a Gram-positive genus

FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Issue 5 2004
Ilkka M. Helander
Abstract Bacteria of the genus Pectinatus emerged during the seventies as contaminants and spoilage organisms in packaged beer. This genus comprises two species, Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus and Pectinatus frisingensis; both are strict anaerobes. On the basis of genomic properties the genus is placed among low GC Gram-positive bacteria (phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia, order Clostridiales, family Acidaminococcaceae). Despite this assignment, Pectinatus bacteria possess an outer membrane and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) typical of Gram-negative bacteria. The present review compiles the structural and compositional studies performed on Pectinatus LPS. These lipopolysaccharides exhibit extensive heterogeneity, i.e. several macromolecularly and structurally distinct LPS molecules are produced by each strain. Whereas heterogeneity is a common property in lipopolysaccharides, Pectinatus LPS have been shown to contain exceptional carbohydrate structures, consisting of a fairly conserved core region that carries a large non-repetitive saccharide that probably replaces the O-specific chain. Such structures represent a novel architectural principle of the LPS molecule. [source]

On Public Toilets in Beijing

JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION, Issue 4 2000
Tim C. Geisler
Public Toilets in China, as in most parts of the world throughout history, are stigmatized as unclean, associated with illicit activity, and joked about. But they were conceived by the Communists in China as symbols of cooperative living. Although they still pose grave sanitation problems, they exemplify communist ideals of simplicity, functionalism, and working-class sensibilities. They employ sound architectural principles of lighting, ventilation, and urban situation, and are playful in design. Communist Urbanism, defined as the spatial order of communal living, reserves a place of honor for the public toilet. [source]

Next-Generation Architecture to Support Simulation-Based Acquisition

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL, Issue 4 2000
Dr. B. Chadha
ABSTRACT The ability to make good design decisions early is a significant driver for simulation-based acquisition to effectively lower life-cycle cost and cycle time. Building virtual prototypes, enabling one to analyze the impact of decisions, achieves effective simulation-based acquisition processes. Virtual prototypes need to support a comprehensive set of analyses that will be performed on the product; hence, all aspects of product data and behavior need to be represented. Building virtual prototypes of complex systems being designed by a multi-organizational team requires new architectural concepts and redesigned processes. Implementation of these new architectures is complex and leveraging commercial technologies is necessary to achieve feasible solutions. One must also carefully consider the state of the current commercial technologies and frameworks as well as the organizational and cultural aspects of organizations that use these systems. This paper describes key architectural principles that one must address for a cost-effective implementation. The paper then discusses key architectural concepts and trade-offs that are necessary to support virtual prototypes of complex systems. [source]

Distributed intelligence in an astronomical Distributed Sensor Network

ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 3 2008
R.R. White
Abstract The Telescope Alert Operations Network System (TALONS) was designed and developed in the year 2000, around the architectural principles of a distributed sensor network. This network supported the original Rapid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR) project goals; however, only with further development could TALONS meet the goals of the larger Thinking Telescope Project. The complex objectives of the Thinking Telescope project required a paradigm shift in the software architecture , the centralised intelligence merged into the TALONS network operations could no longer meet all of the new requirements. The intelligence needed to be divorced from the network operations and developed as a series of peripheral intelligent agents, distributing the decision making and analytical processes based on the temporal volatility of the data. This paper is presented as only one part of the poster from the workshop and in it we will explore the details of this architecture and how that merges with the current Thinking Telescope system to meet our project goals. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]