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New Light (new + light)
Kinds of New Light Selected AbstractsNew Light on the Early History of the Theatre in Shoreditch [with texts]ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 3 2006DAVID MATEER First page of article [source] How Many Brains Does It Take to Build a New Light: Knowledge Management Challenges of a Transdisciplinary ProjectMIND, BRAIN, AND EDUCATION, Issue 1 2009Bruno Della Chiesa ABSTRACT, The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) Center for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) carried out the Learning Sciences and Brain Research project (1999,2007) to investigate how neuroscience research can inform education policy and practice. This transdisciplinary project brought many challenges. Within the political community, participation in the project varied, with some countries resisting approval of the project altogether, in the beginning. In the neuroscientific community, participants struggled to represent their knowledge in a way that would be meaningful and relevant to educators. Within the educational community, response to the project varied, with many educational researchers resisting it for fear that neuroscience research might make their work obsolete. Achieving dialogue among these communities was even more challenging. One clear obstacle was that participants had difficulty recognizing tacit knowledge in their own field and making this knowledge explicit for partners in other fields. This article analyzes these challenges through a knowledge management framework. [source] New light on the life and manuscripts of a political pamphleteer: Thomas Fovent,HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 219 2010Clementine Oliver This article offers new information regarding a little-known manuscript of the Historia Mirabilis Parliamenti by Thomas Fovent, found in a private collection in New York, and presents a more complete portrait of the author's life. Fovent's Historia is a lively account of the Merciless Parliament of 1388 and has long been known to scholars from May McKisack's 1926 edition published in the Camden Miscellany, based on the only known manuscript in the Bodleian Library. The recent digitization of Thomas Fovent's will by The National Archives provides readily available definitive proof that Fovent lived and worked as part of London's bureaucratic milieu in the later fourteenth century. [source] New light on ,the commotion time' of 1549: the Oxfordshire rising*HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 218 2009Katherine Halliday In July 1549 the Oxfordshire commons rose in large number, and without gentry support. Somewhere in the region of several hundred armed participants marched from the south-east to the north-west of the county, pillaging parks as they went, until eventually retreating into the town of Chipping Norton. The principal catalyst for the 1549 rising seems, given the rebels' targets and timing, to have been the common perception that the goods of the county's churches were about to be seized by the commissioners for church goods. Consequently, Oxfordshire's rebels did not head for London , they were not opposing religious reforms per se, but were contesting the Edwardian reforms as they had been imposed within their parishes. [source] New light on the ,Drummer of Tedworth': conflicting narratives of witchcraft in Restoration England*HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 201 2005Michael Hunter This article presents hitherto unpublished early texts concerning the ,Drummer of Tedworth', a poltergeist case that occurred in 1662,3 and became famous not least due to its promotion by Joseph Glanvill in his demonological work, Saducismus Triumphatus. The new documents show how responses to the events at Tedworth evolved from anxious piety on the part of their victim, John Mompesson, to confident apologetic by Glanvill, before they were further affected by the emergence of articulate scepticism about the case. [source] New light on the biology and developmental potential of haematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cellsJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2009M. Sigvardsson Abstract. Even though stem cells have been identified in several tissues, one of the best understood somatic stem cells is the bone marrow residing haematopoietic stem cell (HSC). These cells are able to generate all types of blood cells found in the periphery over the lifetime of an animal, making them one of the most profound examples of tissue-restricted stem cells. HSC therapy also represents one of the absolutely most successful cell-based therapies applied both in the treatment of haematological disorders and cancer. However, to fully explore the clinical potential of HSCs we need to understand the molecular regulation of cell maturation and lineage commitment. The extensive research effort invested in this area has resulted in a rapid development of the understanding of the relationship between different blood cell lineages and increased understanding for how a balanced composition of blood cells can be generated. In this review, several of the basic features of HSCs, as well as their multipotent and lineage-restricted offspring, are addressed, providing a current view of the haematopoietic development tree. Some of the basic mechanisms believed to be involved in lineage restriction events including activities of permissive and instructive external signals are also discussed, besides transcription factor networks and epigenetic alterations to provide an up-to-date view of early haematopoiesis. [source] New light on post-main sequence stellar evolutionASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS, Issue 3 2002Myfanwy Bryce The 8 m class telescopes now coming on stream, the availability of new instruments on 4 m telescopes and mm/radio telescopes, are beginning to throw new light on post-main sequence stellar evolution. The February RAS discussion meeting, organized by Nye Bevan, described the impact of these facilities on our understanding of this phase. Myfanwy Bryce reports. [source] New light on vertebrate neural systems from invertebrates.BIOESSAYS, Issue 7 2008Invertebrate Neurobiology. No abstract is available for this article. [source] The epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A public health viewDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 3 2002Andrew S. Rowland Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. However, basic information about how the prevalence of ADHD varies by race/ethnicity, sex, age, and socio-economic status remains poorly described. One reason is that difficulties in the diagnosis of ADHD have translated into difficulties developing an adequate case definition for epidemiologic studies. Diagnosis depends heavily on parent and teacher reports; no laboratory tests reliably predict ADHD. Prevalence estimates of ADHD are sensitive to who is asked what, and how information is combined. Consequently, recent systematic reviews report ADHD prevalence estimates as wide as 2%,18%. The diagnosis of ADHD is complicated by the frequent occurrence of comorbid conditions such as learning disability, conduct disorder, and anxiety disorder. Symptoms of these conditions may also mimic ADHD. Nevertheless, we suggest that developing an adequate epidemiologic case definition based on current diagnostic criteria is possible and is a prerequisite for further developing the epidemiology of ADHD. The etiology of ADHD is not known but recent studies suggest both a strong genetic link as well as environmental factors such as history of preterm delivery and perhaps, maternal smoking during pregnancy. Children and teenagers with ADHD use health and mental health services more often than their peers and engage in more health threatening behaviors such as smoking, and alcohol and substance abuse. Better methods are needed for monitoring the prevalence and understanding the public health implications of ADHD. Stimulant medication is the treatment of choice for treating ADHD but psychosocial interventions may also be warranted if comordid disorders are present. The treatment of ADHD is controversial because of the high prevalence of medication treatment. Epidemiologic studies could clarify whether the patterns of ADHD diagnosis and treatment in community settings is appropriate. Population-based epidemiologic studies may shed important new light on how we understand ADHD, its natural history, its treatment and its consequences. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:162,170. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Infants' long-term memory for a serial list: Recognition and reactivationDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Michelle Gulya Abstract Serial lists contain information about item identity and item order. Using a task designed for nonverbal animals, we previously found that 3- and 6-month-olds exhibited a primacy effect after 24 hr, remembering both item identity and item order. Presently, we examined their memory of list information after longer delays. In Experiment 1, the serial-position curve reverted to a U-shape after 1 week at both ages, revealing that the common practice of attributing primacy and recency effects to long- and short-term memory, respectively, is flawed. In Experiment 2, a precuing procedure confirmed that 6-month-olds' memory still contained order information after 1 week, but 3-month-olds' reactivated memory contained none. Experiments 3A and 3B confirmed that increasing the complexity of information that was learned shortened the delay after which it could be retrieved. Testing infants after delays longer than have previously been used with animals or human adults sheds new light on an old phenomenon. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 38: 174,185, 2001 [source] LC-MS: a powerful tool in workplace drug testingDRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2009E. Gallardo Abstract Workplace drug testing is a well-established application of forensic toxicology and it aims to reduce workplace accidents caused by affected workers. Several classes of abused substances may be involved, such as alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates and also prescription drugs, such as benzodiazepines. The use of alternative biological specimens such as hair, oral fluid or sweat in workplace drug testing presents several advantages over urinalysis,mainly the fact that sample collection can be performed easily without infringing on the examinee's privacy, so the subject is more likely to perform the test. However, drugs are usually present in these alternative specimens at low concentrations and the amount of sample available for analysis is small. The use of highly sensitive techniques is therefore necessary. In fact, the successful interface of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has brought a new light into bioanalytical and forensic sciences as it allows the detection of drugs and metabolites at concentrations that are difficult to analyse using the more commonly adopted GC-MS based techniques. This paper will discuss the importance of LC-MS in supporting workplace drug-testing programmes. The combination of LC-MS with innovative instrumentation such as triple quadrupoles, ion traps and time-of-flight mass spectrometers will also be focused. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Scinditur in partes populus: Pope Damasus and the Martyrs of RomeEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 3 2000Marianne Sághy Pope Damasus (366,384) was the impresario of the late antique cult of the martyrs at Rome. Damasus celebrated the martyrs with epigrams written in Virgilian hexameters which he had engraved in exquisite lettering on their tombs. This article investigates the specifically Roman context of these activities as a means of shedding new light on Damasus' purposes. The enhancement of the cult of the Roman martyrs was more than a stage in the process of christianisation, creating Christian but still distinctively Roman holy patrons for the urbs. It was also directed against rival Christian traditions, including Nicene splinter groups such as the Ursinians and Luciferians who contested Damasus' election. The epi grams allowed Damasus to inscribe very specific and carefully shaped meanings on strategic and often contested sites within the Christian topography of Rome. By placing the Damasan epigrams in the context of a bloody ecclesiastical factionalism in Rome, this paper argues that these very public celebrations of the martyrs were used to promote concord and consensus within the Catholic community in Rome. [source] Dating the Gesta martyrum: a manuscript-based approachEARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE, Issue 3 2000Clare Pilsworth The gesta martyrum are an anonymous and disparate group of texts celebrating saints venerated in early medieval Rome as having been martyred in that city. This paper investigates the problems involved in placing these texts in their early medieval contexts. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, when scholarship moved away from attempts to identify a core of authentic ancient tradition in these early medieval narratives, most work on the corpus has concentrated on dating the composition of the accounts of individual martyrs. Given the sparsity of absolute chronological markers through references or citations in other written sources, this has inevitably rested on circumstantial evidence and the reconstruction of probable contexts for the redaction of specific works. This paper argues that much new light can be shed on the development of the cult of Roman martyrs if we shift the focus of our investigation from the origin and composition of the Urtexts to the surviving manuscript witnesses , all bar one eighth century or later , and the complex process of transmission which they document. The earliest copies of gesta martyrum, in both legendaries and other manuscripts, reveal surprisingly diverse contexts of transmission. Detailed investigation of Vienna National bibliothek 357, which Dufourcq argued contains a copy of a collection of martyr-narratives available to Gregory the Great, shows that in fact this manuscript sheds light on interest in Roman martyrs north of the Alps in the late Carolingian period, and the networks of contact and communication through which information about the Roman martyrs was transmitted across time and space. [source] The role of playas in pedogenic gypsum crust formation in the Central Namib Desert: a theoretical modelEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, Issue 11 2001F. D. Eckardt Abstract The formation of Namibia's extensive pedogenic gypsum crusts (CaSO4·2H2O) is interpreted in a new light. It is suggested that gypsum primarily precipitates at isolated points of evaporitic concentration, such as inland playas, and that deflation of evaporitic-rich gypsum dust from these playas contributes to the formation of pedogenic gypsum duricrusts on the coastal gravel plains of the Namib Desert surrounding these playas. This study establishes the nature, extent and distribution of playas in the Central Namib Desert and provides evidence for playa gypsum deflation and gravel plain deposition. Remote sensing shows the distribution of playas, captures ongoing deflation and provides evidence of gypsum deflation. It is proposed that, following primary marine aerosol deposition, both inland playas and coastal sabkhas generate gypsum which through the process of playa deflation and gravel plain redeposition contributes to the extensive pedogenic crusts found in the Namib Desert region. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Community maturity, species saturation and the variant diversity,productivity relationships in grasslandsECOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 12 2006Qinfeng Guo Abstract Detailed knowledge of the relationship between plant diversity and productivity is critical for advancing our understanding of ecosystem functioning and for achieving success in habitat restoration efforts. However, effects and interactions of diversity, succession and biotic invasions on productivity remain elusive. We studied newly established communities in relation to preexisting homogeneous vegetation invaded by exotic plants in the northern Great Plains, USA, at four study sites for 3 years. We observed variant diversity,productivity relationships for the seeded communities (generally positive monotonic at three sites and non-monotonic at the other site) but no relationships for the resident community or the seeded and resident communities combined at all sites and all years. Community richness was enhanced by seeding additional species but productivity was not. The optimal diversity (as indicated by maximum productivity) changed among sites and as the community developed. The findings shed new light on ecosystem functioning of biodiversity under different conditions and have important implications for restoration. [source] Niche breadth, competitive strength and range size of tree species: a trade-off based framework to understand species distributionECOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 2 2006Xavier Morin Abstract Understanding the mechanisms causing latitudinal gradients in species richness and species range size is a central issue in ecology, particularly in the current context of global climate change. Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain these patterns, emphasizing climatic variability, energy availability and competition. Here we show, using a comparative analysis controlling for phylogeny on 234 temperate/boreal tree species, that these hypotheses can be included into a single framework in an attempt to explain latitudinal gradients in species range size. We find that species tend to have larger ranges when (i) closer to the poles, (ii) successionally seral, (iii) having small and light seeds, and (iv) having short generations. The patterns can simply be explained by energy constraints associated with different life-history strategies. Overall, these findings shed a new light on our understanding of species distribution and biodiversity patterns, bringing new insights into underlying large-scale evolutionary processes. [source] An Equilibrium Theory of Learning, Search, and WagesECONOMETRICA, Issue 2 2010Francisco M. Gonzalez We examine the labor market effects of incomplete information about the workers' own job-finding process. Search outcomes convey valuable information, and learning from search generates endogenous heterogeneity in workers' beliefs about their job-finding probability. We characterize this process and analyze its interactions with job creation and wage determination. Our theory sheds new light on how unemployment can affect workers' labor market outcomes and wage determination, providing a rational explanation for discouragement as the consequence of negative search outcomes. In particular, longer unemployment durations are likely to be followed by lower reemployment wages because a worker's beliefs about his job-finding process deteriorate with unemployment duration. Moreover, our analysis provides a set of useful results on dynamic programming with optimal learning. [source] FOSTERING SUSTAINABLE COMPLEXITY IN THE MICROFINANCE INDUSTRY: WHICH WAY FORWARD?ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2005Emily Chamlee-Wright The microfinance movement has gained tremendous popularity over the past 30 years, but it is still far from meeting its full potential. The industry stands at a crossroads between increased commercialisation and increased philanthropic aid. Standard economic discourse does little to resolve the debate. F. A. Hayek's concept of the,extended order' sheds new light on how we might understand the future development of microfinance. [source] "Into a thousand parts": Representing the Nation in Henry VENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 1 2008Jonathan Baldo Shakespeare's history plays in general, and Henry V in particular, grant a good deal of attention to Parliament. The injunction by the opening Chorus of Henry V, "Into a thousand parts divide one man," echoes Speaker of the House Edward Coke's anecdote about the origins of a bicameral Parliament, in the course of which he recounted a knight's purported remark that "his Majestie and the lordes there every one being great persons represented but themselves, but his commons though they were inferiour men yet every one of them represented a thowsand men."Henry V, like Shakespeare's earlier histories, explores the relationship between theatrical and parliamentary forms of representation. Recognizing the ways in which the plays both draw upon and challenge Elizabethan ideas about parliamentary representation casts new light on the relations between nobles and commoners in Shakespeare's histories. [source] Reading, Work, and Catholic Women's BiographiesENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 3 2003Frances E. Dolan This essay considers biographies of Catholic women written after their deaths, largely by priests who served as their confessors, and the saints' lives which these biographies took as their models. The purpose of this essay is twofold: to draw attention to a significant body of Catholic writing, and to use this material to shed new light on the one text of this group that has gained considerable critical attention, The Lady Falkland, Her Life, a biography of Elizabeth Cary by one of her daughters, a Benedictine nun. Considering the Life as a participant in a subgenre of Catholic biography reveals the tension between the conventions and precedents available to Cary's biographer, on the one hand, and her intractable subject, on the other. The Life, like other similar biographies, borrows from and verges on hagiography, but is particularly unsuccessful at transforming its subject into a saint. While criticism of Cary and her works continues to dwell on her as eccentric and exceptional, determined by the particularities of her own character and experience, she is as like other female subjects of Catholic biography and hagiography as she is unlike them. This can only be seen by attending to the kinds of texts that Cary and her daughter might well have read, and the parameters they set for writing an eminent Catholic woman's life. These texts figure reading and housework as the chief means by which Catholic women define and sustain their confessional identities in the hostile environment of post-reformation England. [source] Epigenetic research sheds new light on the nature of interactions between organisms and their environmentENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS, Issue 1 2008Olga Kovalchuk Special Issue Editor No abstract is available for this article. [source] On case-crossover methods for environmental time series dataENVIRONMETRICS, Issue 2 2007Heather J. Whitaker Abstract Case-crossover methods are widely used for analysing data on the association between health events and environmental exposures. In recent years, several approaches to choosing referent periods have been suggested, with much discussion of two types of bias: bias due to temporal trends, and overlap bias. In the present paper, we revisit the case-crossover method, focusing on its origin in the case-control paradigm, in order to throw new light on these biases. We emphasise the distinction between methods based on case-control logic (such as the symmetric bi-directional (SBI) method), for which overlap bias is a consequence of non-exchangeability of the exposure series, and methods based on cohort logic (such as the time-stratified (TS) method), for which overlap bias does not arise. We show by example that the TS method may suffer severe bias from residual seasonality. This method can be extended to control for seasonality. However, time series regression is more flexible than case-crossover methods for the analysis of data on shared environmental exposures. We conclude that time series regression ought to be adopted as the method of choice in such applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Environmental manipulations early in development alter seizure activity, Ih and HCN1 protein expression later in lifeEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 12 2006Ulrich Schridde Abstract Although absence epilepsy has a genetic origin, evidence from an animal model (Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk; WAG/Rij) suggests that seizures are sensitive to environmental manipulations. Here, we show that manipulations of the early rearing environment (neonatal handling, maternal deprivation) of WAG/Rij rats leads to a pronounced decrease in seizure activity later in life. Recent observations link seizure activity in WAG/Rij rats to the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) in the somatosensory cortex, the site of seizure generation. Therefore, we investigated whether the alterations in seizure activity between rats reared differently might be correlated with changes in Ih and its channel subunits hyperpolarization-activated cation channel HCN1, 2 and 4. Whole-cell recordings from layer 5 pyramidal neurons, in situ hybridization and Western blot of the somatosensory cortex revealed an increase in Ih and HCN1 in neonatal handled and maternal deprived, compared to control rats. The increase was specific to HCN1 protein expression and did not involve HCN2/4 protein expression, or mRNA expression of any of the subunits (HCN1, 2, 4). Our findings provide the first evidence that relatively mild changes in the neonatal environment have a long-term impact of absence seizures, Ih and HCN1, and suggest that an increase of Ih and HCN1 is associated with absence seizure reduction. Our findings shed new light on the role of Ih and HCN in brain functioning and development and demonstrate that genetically determined absence seizures are quite sensitive for early interventions. [source] Discounting and the role of the relation between causesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Frank Van Overwalle This research investigates how the relation between two causes (i.e. whether they co-occur or not) affects the likelihood to discount one of them. In two experiments, two causes were either systematically paired together (positive relation), were paired with many other causes (independent relation), or were never paired together (negative relation). The results indicate that discounting of one of the causes (target cause) depends on the relation with the other cause (alternative cause) and the order in which the alternative cause was presented and produced the outcome alone. If information on the independent outcome of the alternative cause came prior to the joint outcome of the alternative and target cause (forward order), then discounting of the target cause occurred regardless of the relation between the two causes. If, however, information on the independent outcome of the alternative cause came after the joint outcome of the alternative and target cause (backward order), then discounting of the target cause occurred mainly when there was a positive or negative relation between the causes, but not when there was an independent relation. The degree of backward discounting given a positive or negative relation was largely identical. These results are consistent with the retrospective revaluation hypothesis of Dickinson and Burke (1996) and shed new light on the role of the relation between causes on discounting. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] MEASURING PROBABILISTIC REACTION NORMS FOR AGE AND SIZE AT MATURATIONEVOLUTION, Issue 4 2002Mikko Heino Abstract We present a new probabilistic concept of reaction norms for age and size at maturation that is applicable when observations are carried out at discrete time intervals. This approach can also be used to estimate reaction norms for age and size at metamorphosis or at other ontogenetic transitions. Such estimations are critical for understanding phenotypic plasticity and life-history changes in variable environments, assessing genetic changes in the presence of phenotypic plasticity, and calibrating size- and age-structured population models. We show that previous approaches to this problem, based on regressing size against age at maturation, give results that are systematically biased when compared to the probabilistic reaction norms. The bias can be substantial and is likely to lead to qualitatively incorrect conclusions; it is caused by failing to account for the probabilistic nature of the maturation process. We explain why, instead, robust estimations of maturation reaction norms should be based on logistic regression or on other statistical models that treat the probability of maturing as a dependent variable. We demonstrate the utility of our approach with two examples. First, the analysis of data generated for a known reaction norm highlights some crucial limitations of previous approaches. Second, application to the northeast arctic cod (Gadus morhua) illustrates how our approach can be used to shed new light on existing real-world data. [source] Hypoxia-inducible factor-1, blocks differentiation of malignant gliomasFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 24 2009Huimin Lu Aberrant differentiation is a characteristic feature of neoplastic transformation, while hypoxia in solid tumors is believed to be linked to aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. However, the possible relationship between hypoxia and differentiation in malignancies remains poorly defined. Here we show that rat C6 and primary human malignant glioma cells can be induced to differentiate into astrocytes by the well-known adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. However, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, expression stimulated by the hypoxia mimetics cobalt chloride or deferoxamine blocks this differentiation and this effectiveness is reversible upon withdrawal of the hypoxia mimetics. Importantly, knockdown of hypoxia inducible factor-1, by RNA interference restores the differentiation capabilities of the cells, even in the presence of cobalt chloride, whereas stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1, through retarded ubiquitination by von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene silence abrogates the induced differentiation. Moreover, targeting of HIF-1 using chetomin, a disrupter of HIF-1 binding to its transcriptional co-activator CREB-binding protein (CBP)/p300, abolishes the differentiation-inhibitory effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1,. Administration of chetomin in combination with forskolin significantly suppresses malignant glioma growth in an in vivo xenograft model. Analysis of 95 human glioma tissues revealed an increase of hypoxia-inducible factor-1, protein expression with progressing tumor grade. Taken together, these findings suggest a key signal transduction pathway involving hypoxia-inducible factor-1, that contributes to a differentiation defect in malignant gliomas and sheds new light on the differentiation therapy of solid tumors by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1,. Structured digital abstract ,,MINT-7292117: CBP (uniprotkb:Q6JHU9) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Hif1a (uniprotkb:O35800) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006) [source] A new group of parasporal inclusions encoded by the S-layer gene of Bacillus thuringiensisFEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 1 2008Gang Guo Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis produces various groups of active proteins, such as Cyt, Vip and Parasporin, in addition to the Cry protein. In this study we show S-layer proteins to be a new group of parasporal inclusions of B. thuringiensis. The S-layer consists of a two-dimensional lattice structure and is the outermost component of many archaeobacteria and eubacteria. The parasporal inclusion of B. thuringiensis strain CTC was found to be not a typical crystal protein encoded by the cry gene, but a proteinaceous inclusion encoded by the S-layer gene. Furthermore, the CTC-like strains (with their parasporal inclusions coded by the S-layer gene) are widely distributed and accounted for 25.4% of the B. thuringiensis strains tested. These strains constitue a new group of parasporal inclusions encoded by the S-layer gene of B. thuringiensis and shed new light on B. thuringiensis nontoxic strains. [source] CHINESE PUBLIC FINANCE FRAMEWORK: A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSISFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2010ChunLei Yang This paper explores the complexities of government financial management in China and examines the nature of the recent Public Finance Framework (PFF) reform in that country. We argue that this reform is not just the latest instalment in a centrally dominated reform agenda (and a logical and strategic development in the process of social, political and economic transformation), but that it reflects the Central Government's struggle to fine-tune central-local financial relationships and to grapple with the consequences of the previously misplaced delegation of government budgets. In so doing, the paper challenges the prescriptive research which often pervades policy studies in China. Instead, it analyses the historical and contemporary contexts which are shaping government administration in China, and sheds new light on the background, implementation and future prospects of Chinese public sector financial reform. Overall, our contextual analysis provides a starting point for more critical research into the changes in government financial administration at both policy and organisational levels in China. [source] Evidence and Implications of Increases in Trading Volume Around Exchange ListingsFINANCIAL REVIEW, Issue 2 2001Kishore Tandon G10 Abstract After controlling for market volume trends and differences in volume measurement between the Nasdaq and the exchanges, we find that mean trading volumes increase significantly for Nasdaq stocks that list on the Amex or the NYSE. Furthermore, stocks with low (high) pre-listing volume tend to realize the largest volume increases (decreases) as well as the best (worst) post-listing performance. Our results support the hypothesis that stocks with high past trading volumes tend to experience lower future returns, and shed new light on the nature and possible causes of poor post-listing stock performance. [source] Intrinsic Surface Dipoles Control the Energy Levels of Conjugated PolymersADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 24 2009Georg Heimel Abstract Conjugated polymers are an important class of materials for organic electronics applications. There, the relative alignment of the electronic energy levels at ubiquitous organic/(in)organic interfaces is known to crucially impact device performance. On the prototypical example of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and a fluorinated derivative, the energies of the ionization and affinity levels of , -conjugated polymers are revealed to critically depend on the orientation of the polymer backbones with respect to such interfaces. Based on extensive first-principles calculations, an intuitive electrostatic model is developed that quantitatively traces these observations back to intrinsic intramolecular surface dipoles arising from the , -electron system and intramolecular polar bonds. The results shed new light on the working principles of organic electronic devices and suggest novel strategies for materials design. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||