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Negative Behaviour (negative + behaviour)
Selected AbstractsIntensive family preservation services: an examination of critical service componentsCHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK, Issue 3 2000Bagley A treatment programme for child victims of sexual abuse within the family has been evaluated in terms of psychological and behavioural outcomes for the young people two years after beginning therapy. The Canadian programme was based on principles established by Giarretto in his Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Program (CSATP). Screening by child protection workers selected potential candidates. However, because of limited resources, referral of less than half of the originally screened families was made, even though they were judged suitable for participation. This made available an untreated comparison group (n = 30), similar in many ways to the treated families (n = 27). After two years the treated adolescents had largely recovered levels of self-esteem obtained in normative samples, and depressive affect had diminished markedly, as had problem behaviours. By contrast, the untreated adolescents had retained low levels of self-esteem, and high levels of depression. Negative behaviours (delinquency, running away from home, acts of deliberate self-harm) had deteriorated after two years. This was linked both to further within-family abuse (in a fifth), followed by a drift in some into street life. Despite its apparent success, the CSATP could not be continued because of lack of funding, and problems in maintaining a community development model for supporting a humanistic programme. [source] Griefing in virtual worlds: causes, casualties and coping strategiesINFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009Thomas Chesney Abstract A virtual world is a computer-simulated three-dimensional environment. They are increasingly being used for social and commercial interaction, in addition to their original use for game playing. This paper studies negative behaviour, or ,griefing', inside one virtual world through a series of observations and focus groups with users. Data were collected to identify griefing behaviours and their impact, examine why griefing happens and who the likely targets and perpetrators are, and suggest strategies for coping with it. Findings show that griefing behaviour is common. It is defined as unacceptable, persistent behaviour and is typically targeted at inexperienced residents by those with more knowledge of the virtual world. Community and individual coping strategies are identified and discussed. [source] Effect of Service Structure and Organization on Staff Care Practices in Small Community Homes for People with Intellectual DisabilitiesJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 5 2008Jim Mansell Background, An important question in community living is what factors influence the extent to which staff provide ,active support'. Methods, Engagement, care practices and a range of staff and organizational characteristics were studied in 72 residential homes serving 359 adults with intellectual disabilities. Managers in 36 settings were trained in person-centred active support (PCAS). A group comparison design and multivariate analysis was used to investigate the relationship between variables. Results, The PCAS group showed more active support, assistance, other contact from staff and engagement in meaningful activity but no difference in choice-making or assessment of participation in activities of daily living. The PCAS group had more staff with a professional qualification, were more likely to think that challenging behaviour was caused by lack of stimulation, had attitudes more in line with a policy of community care, rated most care tasks as less difficult, and were more organized to deliver active support. The comparison group were more likely to think that challenging behaviour was learned negative behaviour, showed more teamwork and were more satisfied. Multivariate analysis identified a range of staff and organizational variables associated with engagement and active support. Conclusions, The results suggest that some variables which have not hitherto been studied in relation with active support are associated with it. Professional qualification, knowledge and experience appear to be important as do some staff attitudes, clear management guidance, more frequent supervision and team meetings, training and support for staff to help residents engage in meaningful activity. [source] Role modelling: how does it influence teaching in Family Medicine?MEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 6 2000Christopher Matthews Objective To undertake a qualitative study to explore the influence of role modelling on teaching by comparing faculty members recollections of their teachers' behaviours with residents perceptions of the same behaviours in a family medicine residency programme in Saudi Arabia. Method Using semi-structured interviews of faculty and a questionnaire based on the issues arising from the interviews, faculty members' recollections of their medical teachers' behaviours were compared with residents' current perceptions of the same teaching behaviours. Setting Department of Family Medicine, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Subjects Faculty and residents. Results The four best-remembered teacher behaviours were: positive behaviour towards patients, negative behaviour towards junior colleagues, effective presentation of subject content and encouragement to participate in patient care. The residents perceived positive behaviour towards patients, positive behaviour towards junior colleagues, suboptimal skills of subject content presentation, and insufficient encouragement for trainees to actively participate in patient management. Although faculty retained many unhappy memories of teacher behaviour, it was encouraging that there was no evidence of perpetuation of the negatively perceived behaviours which provoked them. Conclusions Discernment of the value of technical teaching skills was not a predictor of later proficiency. [source] When smokers are resistant to change: experimental analysis of the effect of patient resistance on practitioner behaviourADDICTION, Issue 8 2005Nick Francis ABSTRACT Aims In the field of motivational interviewing, practitioner confrontational behaviour has been associated with lower levels of patient behaviour change. We set out to explore whether resistance to change among smokers affects practitioner confrontational and other behaviours. Design Experimental manipulation of levels of patient resistance in a role play. Setting The study was conducted at the start of a 2-day health behaviour change workshop. Participants Thirty-two practitioners who had registered for the workshop. Intervention The practitioners were assigned randomly to interview a standardized patient (actor) who portrayed a smoker who had been briefed to display either high or low levels of resistance to change. Measurements Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Practitioners and standardized patients completed interview ratings at the end of each interview. After listening to each taped interview practitioners were assigned a global score for confrontation, empathy and expert instructional style. Interviews were then submitted to a qualitative analysis. Findings Higher levels of practitioner confrontational behaviour were observed in the high resistance group. This was evident both from the global scores (median 2 versus 0, P = 0.001) and the qualitative analysis. Global scores for empathy and expert instruction were not significantly different. Qualitative analysis also suggests a pervasive negative impact on other practitioner behaviours. Conclusions Higher patient resistance probably leads to an increase in confrontational and other negative behaviours in health professionals attempting to promote behaviour change. This challenges important assumptions about the influence of practitioner behaviour on patient behaviour and subsequent health-related outcomes. [source] Influence of recorder affect on the content of behavioural diaries and the recall of behavioursAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Patrick H. Raymark Two experiments are described. In Experiment 1, supervisors (N,=,4) kept daily performance diaries for each of four subordinates over an eight-week period. In Experiment 2, students (N,=,48) kept behavioural diaries for their instructor over a three-week period. Daily measures of positive and negative affect were used to predict the favourability, person-typicality and behavioural specificity of diary entries. Diary-keepers tended to record behaviours that were consistent with their affect levels. Analyses of the variability of the favourability and person-typicality ratings further suggested that high negative affect induced diary-keepers to make fine discriminations among events, while high positive affect induced diary-keepers to perceive events as similar. Diary-keeper affect and the three diary content variables were used to predict memory for the diary entries. Diary-keepers in Experiment 1 reported higher recall for negative behaviours than for positive behaviours, particularly if the behaviours were typical of others. This same negativity effect in recall emerged in Experiment 2, but only when there was low consistency in the positive affect experienced by diary-keepers at encoding and recall. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A study to assess the validity of clinical judgement in determining paediatric dental anxiety and related outcomes of managementINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2005R. D. HOLMES Summary. Objective. The aim of the present study was to determine the validity of subjective anxiety assessment and the outcomes of management of children receiving operative dental treatment. Setting., The study was conducted at the Departments of Sedation and Child Dental Health, Newcastle Dental Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Subjects and methods., One hundred children and adolescents aged between 8 and 15 years participated in the study. Clinicians subjectively allocated 50 children for treatment with local analgesia alone (low anxiety), and identified 50 children who had the potential to benefit from nitrous oxide and oxygen sedation (high anxiety). Participants then completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the Venham Picture Test (VPT) and the Child Fear Survey Schedule , Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). A global rating scale classified behaviour during dental treatment. Results., State anxiety and dental fear prior to treatment were significantly higher in children allocated to receive inhalation sedation (P = 0·004 and P = 0·005, respectively). There was no significant difference in trait anxiety or post-treatment state anxiety between the two groups (P = 0·69 and P = 0·06, respectively). Only 11% displayed ,negative' behaviour during treatment: 82% of this group represented those allocated to receive sedation. Conclusion., Children receiving inhalation sedation were significantly more anxious prior to treatment than children receiving treatment with local analgesia alone. The findings support the subjective assessment of anxiety in children; however, objective anxiety measures may assist clinicians in identifying specific fears, which may ultimately aid patient management. [source] | ||||||||||