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Arsenic Poisoning (arsenic + poisoning)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	62%

Selected Abstracts

Titelbild: Determination of Arsenic Poisoning and Metabolism in Hair by Synchrotron Radiation: The Case of Phar Lap (Angew. Chem.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 25 2010
25/2010)
Nach achtzig Jahren hat eine Obduktion das Geheimnis um den Tod des berühmten Rennpferds Phar Lap gelüftet. I. Kempson und D. Henry beschreiben in ihrer Zuschrift auf S.,4333,ff. auffällige Arsenverteilungen und -verbindungen, die darauf hindeuten, dass Phar Lap das Gift Stunden vor seinem unerwarteten qualvollen Ende eingenommen hat. Diese außergewöhnliche Haaranalyse beleuchtet metabolische Prozesse nach der Arsenaufnahme. [source]

Determination of Arsenic Poisoning and Metabolism in Hair by Synchrotron Radiation: The Case of Phar Lap,

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 25 2010

Neues Beweismaterial zum Tod des Rennpferds Phar Lap (siehe Photo) lieferten hochauflösende Röntgen-Fluoreszenz(XRF)- und Röntgen-Nahkantenabsorptions(XANES)-Analysen von Mähnenhaaren mithilfe von Synchrotronstrahlung. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf Arsenaufnahme und -metabolismus hin , das Rennpferd erlag folglich einer Vergiftung. [source]

The Changing Emphasis of Disasters in Bangladesh NGOs

DISASTERS, Issue 3 2001
Nilufar Matin
Bangladesh is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, affected by cyclones and floods, as well as chronic hazards such as arsenic poisoning. NGOs have played a major role in bringing concerns related to risk management on to the national agenda and promoting a shift of focus from mere relief response to disaster mitigation and preparedness. The government has, after earlier scepticism, now accepted NGOs as major partners in these tasks. Innovative approaches, such as the use of microfinance, have been applied; many of which are related to preserving the gains of development efforts as part of rehabilitation. NGOs have pressured for better co-ordination with government. Improved structures are now approved, but it is still too early to judge their impact. Despite progress, neither NGOs nor governmental agencies have clearly defined roles in the effort to link disaster management priorities. This will ensure that longer-term development efforts build on local capacities and reduce vulnerabilities. [source]

Chronic arsenic poisoning: a global health issue , a report of multiple primary cancers

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
R. R. Walvekar
Effects of prolonged exposure to high levels of As in drinking water have been observed and documented in various epidemiological studies from all over the world. The non-malignant cutaneous effects of chronic exposure to inorganic As are well known. A case presenting with multiple cutaneous cancers as well as an internal lung primary in a patient exposed to toxic levels of As in the drinking water is discussed along with a review of literature. [source]

Skin manifestations in acute arsenic poisoning from the Wakayama curry-poisoning incident

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
K. Uede
Summary Background Four people died and 63 others became ill after eating arsenic-laced curry served at a community festival in Wakayama, Japan, on 25 July 1998. Although dermatological manifestations after the acute ingestion of arsenic have seldom been documented, they were observed in 56% of the victims in the Wakayama curry-poisoning incident. Objectives To characterize the skin manifestations due to acute arsenic poisoning. Methods Four of the 67 patients with arsenic poisoning died, and the remaining 63 patients served as subjects for this study. The dermatological findings were extracted from the medical charts at the institutions which admitted the victims, and from the results of a medical inquiry and examinations during a health screening 3 months after the incident. Results Dermatological findings were observed in 56% of the victims during the acute stage of poisoning. Facial oedema was observed in 13 patients, transient flushing erythema in five, conjunctival haemorrhage in 15, maculopapular eruptions in the intertriginous areas in eight, acral desquamation in 11, and herpesvirus infection in three. The histopathological findings of the maculopapular eruptions showed moderate to marked perivascular infiltration with endothelial swelling. Examination of 21 patients at 3 months after their exposure to arsenic revealed ungual changes including Mee's or Beau's lines in 17 cases, periungual pigmentation in nine, and acral desquamation in four cases. Conclusions Our observations indicate that skin lesions are common in patients with acute arsenic poisoning; these findings may provide information of diagnostic significance. [source]

Toxicity of a trivalent organic arsenic compound, dimethylarsinous glutathione in a rat liver cell line (TRL 1215)

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 7 2006
T Sakurai
Background and purpose: Although inorganic arsenite (AsIII) is toxic in humans, it has recently emerged as an effective chemotherapeutic agent for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In humans and most animals, AsIII is enzymatically methylated in the liver to weakly toxic dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) that is a major pentavalent methylarsenic metabolite. Recent reports have indicated that trivalent methylarsenicals are produced through methylation of AsIII and participate in arsenic poisoning. Trivalent methylarsenicals may be generated as arsenical,glutathione conjugates, such as dimethylarsinous glutathione (DMAsIIIG), during the methylation process. However, less information is available on the cytotoxicity of DMAsIIIG. Experimental approach: We synthesized and purified DMAsIIIG using high performance TLC (HPTLC) methods and measured its cytotoxicity in rat liver cell line (TRL 1215 cells). Key results: DMAsIIIG was highly cytotoxic in TRL 1215 cells with a LC50 of 160 nM. We also found that DMAsIIIG molecule itself was not transported efficiently into the cells and was not cytotoxic; however it readily became strongly cytotoxic by dissociating into trivalent dimethylarsenicals and glutathione (GSH). The addition of GSH in micromolar physiological concentrations prevented the breakdown of DMAsIIIG, and the DMAsIIIG-induced cytotoxicity. Physiological concentrations of normal human serum (HS), human serum albumin (HSA), and human red blood cells (HRBC) also reduced both the cytotoxicity and cellular arsenic uptake induced by exposure to DMAsIIIG. Conclusions and implications: These findings suggest that the significant cytotoxicity induced by DMAsIIIG may not be seen in healthy humans, even if DMAsIIIG is formed in the body from AsIII. British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 888,897. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706899 [source]