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Selected AbstractsTreatment of sanitary-important bacteria by bacteriocin substance V24 in cattle dung waterLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2000A. Lauková Quantification of sanitary-important bacteria (e.g. Enterobacteriaceae), as well as indicators of environmental contamination, was assessed in samples of cattle dung from 25 cattle farms in 15 north-eastern Slovakia districts. The inhibitory effect of crude bacteriocin extract CBE V24 from Enterococcus faecalis V24 against Listeria monocytogenes Ohio and Yersinia enterocolitica YE85 was examined in cattle dung water with the aim of finding a new way of eliminating the health risk of the animal slurry. The following bacterial groups were quantified: Salmonella spp., Shigella -like spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci (the average count ranged from 102 up to 104 cfu ml,1). Antagonistic effect of the crude bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecalis V24 in the range of 100,600 Arbitrary units per ml (AU ml,1) was shown against the following bacteria: Enterobacter cloacae, Ent. asburiae, Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., Acinetobacter lwoffi, L. monocytogenes as well as Y. enterocolitica YE85. During tests performed to study the inhibitory effect of the crude bacteriocin CBE V24 (concentration 800, 1600 AU ml,1) against L. monocytogenes Ohio and Y. enterocolitica YE85 in experimentally contaminated cattle dung, a reduction of 2·03 and 1·44 log cfu ml,1, respectively, was already noted after 1 h after crude bacteriocin CBE V24 addition. [source] Evaluation of systemic oxidative status and mononuclear leukocytes DNA damage in children with caustic esophageal strictureDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 4 2006M. Kaya SUMMARY., Esophageal stricture (ES) due to accidentally caustic digestions is a common problem in children. Mucosal damage and repeated dilatations lead to chronic inflammation and finally ES. We investigated the oxidative status and DNA damage of children with ES. Five children with ES were compared with the same age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Oxidative status of plasma was evaluated by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and total peroxide (TP) level. Anti-oxidative status of the plasma was evaluated by measuring catalase (CAT) activity, and total antioxidant response (TAR). We used the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (also called Comet Assay) to measure DNA strand break in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. Mean MPO activity and TP levels in the ES group were significantly higher than the control group (0.83 ± 0.35, 0.09 ± 0.03 and 0.98 ± 0.38, 0.34 ± 0.20, P = 0.009 and P = 0.047 respectively). There was no significant difference in CAT activity and TAR levels between the two groups (P = 0.347). DNA damage in patients with ES was increased compared to control subjects (108.8 ± 51.2 and 57.6 ± 31.2 arbitrary units, respectively), but this difference was not significant statistically (P= 0.09). This study shows that systemic oxidative stress and alteration at the nuclear level occur in patients with ES, as a result of multiple dilatations and tissue injury. On the other hand, these results support that patients with ES may benefit from antioxidant treatment. [source] Forearm vasoconstrictor response in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitusEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 10 2006P. J. Van Gurp Abstract Background, According to the ,haemodynamic hypothesis', increased tissue perfusion predisposes to microangiopathy in diabetic patients. We hypothesized that the typical haemodynamic changes underlying the increased tissue perfusion can be explained by a decreased sympathetic nerve activity caused by chronic hyperglycaemia. In this study we investigated sympathetic activity in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods, In 15 DM patients (DM duration 6·3 ± 3·8 year; HbA1c 7·9 ± 1·3%) and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (Control), sympathetic nervous system activity was measured at rest (baseline) and during sympathoneural stimulation (lower body negative pressure (LBNP)) by means of interstitial and plasma noradrenaline (NA) sampling and power spectral analysis. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was measured before (baseline) and during a cold pressure test. Forearm blood flow was measured during forearm vascular ,- and ,-adrenergic receptor blockade. Results, At baseline, forearm vascular resistance (FVR), plasma NA concentrations, MSNA and heart rate variability were similar in both groups. LBNP-induced vasoconstriction was significantly attenuated in the DM group compared with the Control group (,FVR: 12 ± 4 vs. 19 ± 3 arbitrary units, P < 0·05). The responses of plasma NA and heart rate variability did not differ. Conclusions,, Baseline FVR and sympathetic nerve activity are normal in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. However, the forearm vasoconstrictor response to sympathetic stimulation is attenuated, which cannot be attributed to an impaired sympathetic responsiveness. [source] DNA damage in metabolic syndrome and its association with antioxidative and oxidative measurementsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 10 2006R. DEMIRBAG Summary The purpose of this study was to assess DNA damage levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Sixty-five subjects with MetS and 65 controls were enrolled in this study. Levels of DNA damage, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total peroxide and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. We found that DNA damage levels were significantly increased [155.5 (60,264) vs. 93.2 (0,208) arbitrary units; p < 0.001] and TAC levels were significantly decreased in MetS than in control (1.34 ± 0.27 vs. 55 ± 0.33 mmol Trolox equivalent/l; p < 0.001). A significant falling trend in TAC levels and a significant rising trend in DNA damage values with the increase in the number of metabolic disturbances (anova p < 0.001 for both) were observed. Total peroxide (30.9 ± 4.9 vs. 21.3 ± 2.5 ,mol H2O2/l; p < 0.001) and OSI levels [2.4 (1.3,3.8) vs. 1.4 (0.7,2.3) arbitrary units; p < 0.001] were significantly higher in the subjects with MetS than in controls. We found significant negative correlation between DNA damage and TAC levels in MetS (r = ,0.656, p < 0.001) and in control (r = ,0.546, p < 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, age, body mass index, presence of MetS and number of the componens of MetS were independent predictors of log-transformed DNA damage (p < 0.05, for all). DNA damage is increased in patients with MetS. The increase in DNA damage might be occur because of the increase in the imbalance between the production of oxidants and antioxidant defences in subjects with MetS. [source] Tear-film lipid layer morphology and corneal sensation in the development of blinking in neonates and infantsJOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 3 2005John G. Lawrenson Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of lipid layer thickness and corneal sensation in the development of blinking in neonates. The study group comprised sixty-four neonates and infants (mean age 27.5 ± 15 (sd) weeks, range 3.4,52) whose mothers were attending a general practice healthy baby clinic. Spontaneous eye-blink activity was determined from digital videographic recordings; tear film lipid layer morphology wasexamined using interference patterns produced by the Keeler TearscopeÔ Plus over a five-point grading scale (higher grades are associated with thick and stable lipid films); corneal sensation threshold was assessed with the Non-Contact Corneal Aesthesiometer (NCCA), using the eye-blink response as an objective indication that the cooling stimulus had been felt; palpebral aperture dimensions were measured using calibrated digital still images of the eye in the primary position. The overall mean spontaneous blink-rate was found to be 3.6 (± 0.3) blinks min,1, and the mean interblink time was 21.6 (± 2.8) s. The lowest blink-rates were observed in the 0,17-week age group (average 2 blinks min,1). The blink-rate showed a highly significant correlation with age (r = 0.46, P < 0.01). The overall mean lipid layer grading was 3.6 (± 0.2 SE) arbitrary units. Higher grades were found in the newborn and the mean grading score reduced with age (P < 0.01). The mean sensation threshold to blink (TTB) was 0.69 (0.04 SE) mbar, which did not differ from a control group of older subjects (P > 0.05). There was a rapid increase in palpebral aperture length and width from birth to 1 year old, with surface area increasing by 50% over the same period. We concluded that the low rate of spontaneous eye blink activity in neonates is associated with a thick stable lipid layer that may be a function of a small palpebral aperture. Furthermore, neonates appear to have the capacity to detect ocular surface cooling, which is a major trigger for spontaneous blinking. [source] Evaluation of a new automated enzyme fluoroimmunoassay using recombinant plasmid dsDNA for the detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies in SLEJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 5 2002D. Villalta Abstract ELISA methods to detect anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are highly sensitive, but are less specific for the diagnosis of SLE than the immunofluorescence test on Crithidia luciliae (CLIFT) and the Farr assay because they also detect low-avidity antibodies. This study evaluated the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of a new automated fluoroimmunoassay (EliA dsDNA; Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany). We compared the results with those obtained using a commercial CLIFT and an in-house anti-dsDNA IgG ELISA method, and verified its putative ability to detect only high-avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies. Sera from 100 SLE patients and 120 controls were studied. The control group included 20 healthy donors, 70 patients with other rheumatic diseases (32 systemic sclerosis (SSc); 18 primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)), and 30 patients with various infectious diseases (ID). Anti-dsDNA avidity was estimated using an ELISA method based upon the law of mass action, and a simplified Scatchard plot analysis for data elaboration; the apparent affinity constant (Kaa) was calculated and expressed as arbitrary units (L/U). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for SLE were 64%, 95.8%, 93.8% and 72.7%, respectively, for the EliA anti-dsDNA assay; 55%, 99.2%, 98.5%, and 68.8%, respectively, for the CLIFT; and 64%, 93.3%, 90.6%, and 72.3%, respectively, for the in-house ELISA. Although EliA anti-dsDNA was positive mainly in SLE patients with high- (Kaa>80 L/U) and intermediate- (Kaa 30,80 L/U) avidity antibodies (45.3% and 49.9%, respectively), it was also positive in five (7.8%) SLE patients with low-avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies, and five controls (three SSc, one pSS, and one ID) (mean Kaa = 16.4 ± 9.04 L/U). In conclusion, EliA anti-dsDNA assay showed a higher sensitivity than the CLIFT, and a good specificity and PPV for SLE. Its putative ability to detect only high-avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies remains questionable. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:227,232, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Enhancement of poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation in human hepatocellular carcinomaJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 5 2000Fumio Nomura Abstract Background: Poly-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, catalysed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), is a post-translational modification of nuclear proteins and is involved in a wide range of biological processes including DNA repair, cell proliferation and malignant transformation. Alteration of this reaction in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is of interest, but has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate poly-ADP-ribosylation and to compare the expression of PARP in HCC and adjacent non-tumour tissues. Methods: Tumorous and adjacent non-tumorous tissues were obtained from five consecutive patients with HCC during surgery for tumour resection. Tissue homogenates were subjected to ADP-ribosylation with [32P]-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The ADP-ribosylated proteins were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate,polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by autoradiography. Expression of PARP was also evaluated by western blotting. Results: Several proteins were ADP-ribosylated in human HCC tissues. Notably, the radiolabelling of a 116-kDa protein was remarkably greater than that in adjacent non-tumorous tissues (86.5 ± 35.2 arbitrary units by densitometry vs 12.2 ± 9.9, mean± SD, n = 5, P < 0.02). The radiolabelling of the 116-kDa protein was decreased in the presence of PARP inhibitors in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunoblot analyses revealed that the radiolabelled protein was PARP and that its expression was significantly greater in HCC than in adjacent non-tumorous tissues (333 ± 204% of non-tumorous tissue, P < 0.05). Conclusions: We found that poly-ADP-ribosylation and PARP expression were significantly increased in human HCC compared with those in adjacent non-tumorous tissues in surgically obtained specimens. [source] INFLUENCE OF WATER ACTIVITY ON THE ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF BREAKFAST CEREALSJOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES, Issue 5 2006EWA GONDEK ABSTRACT Corn and wheat bran flakes were compressed in a plastic cylinder and the generated vibrations were measured by a piezoelectric accelerometer. Amplitude,time records were thoroughly analyzed and the total acoustic energy in arbitrary units, number of acoustic events and energy of a single acoustic event were calculated. Relationships between the time of compression, frequency and sound intensity are presented as acoustograms. All parameters, except the energy of a single acoustic event, were strongly dependent on water activity (Aw). The flakes differed essentially in their ability to propagate vibrations. At low Aw's, both types of flakes were alike, but at higher Aw's, corn flakes damped high-frequency waves while wheat bran flakes did not show this property. [source] Influence of Glucose Control and Improvement of Insulin Resistance on Microvascular Blood Flow and Endothelial Function in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2MICROCIRCULATION, Issue 7 2005THOMAS FORST ABSTRACT Objective: The study was performed to investigate the effect of improving metabolic control with pioglitazone in comparison to glimepiride on microvascular function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: A total of 179 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to one treatment group. Metabolic control (HbA1c), insulin resistance (HOMA index), and microvascular function (laser Doppler fluxmetry) were observed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Results: HbA1c improved in both treatment arms (pioglitazone: 7.52 ± 0.85% to 6.71 ± 0.89%, p < .0001; glimepiride: 7.44 ± 0.89% to 6.83 ± 0.85%, p < .0001). Insulin-resistance decreased significantly in the pioglitazone group (6.15 ± 4.05 to 3.85 ± 1.92, p < .0001) and remained unchanged in the glimepiride group. The microvascular response to heat significantly improved in both treatment groups (pioglitazone 48.5 [15.2; 91.8] to 88.8 [57.6; 124.1] arbitrary units [AU], p < .0001; glimepiride 53.7 [14.1; 91.9] to 87.9 [52.9, 131.0] AU, p < .0001, median [lower and upper quartile]). Endothelial function as measured with the acetylcholine response improved in the pioglitazone group (38.5 [22.2; 68.0] to 60.2 [36.9; 82.8], p = .0427) and remained unchanged in the glimepiride group. Conclusions: Improving metabolic control has beneficial effects in microvascular function in type 2 diabetic patients. Treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with pioglitazone exerts additional effects on endothelial function beyond metabolic control. [source] The Ontogenetic Expression Pattern of Type 5 Phosphodiesterase Correlates with Androgen Receptor Expression in Rat Corpora CavernosaTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2009Eleonora Carosa MD ABSTRACT Introduction., The mechanisms controlling erection in animals and in humans are mainly age-dependent. However, the ontogenesis of the biochemical machinery of erection is largely unknown. Aim., The aim of this article was to study the expression pattern of androgen receptor (AR) and the major cyclic guanosine monophosphate-hydrolyzing enzyme present in the corpora cavernosa, type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5), in the rat penis during development. Methods., AR and PDE5 expression was tested on ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins extracted from the whole penis or from primary cultures of smooth muscle cells obtained from the corpora cavernosa of 3- (rCC3), 20- (rCC20), and 60- (rCC60) day-old rats. Rat corpus cavernosum cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Main Outcome Measures., Expression of PDE5 and AR messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein have been measured by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results., A significant increase in PDE5 mRNA expression was observed with RT-PCR from prepuberty to adulthood (0.5 ± 0.06 vs. 1.6 ± 0.046 arbitrary units [a.u.]P = 0.049). This age-dependent increase was mirrored by the increase in PDE5 protein expression found when comparing neonatal to adult corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (1.5 ± 0.26 vs. 4.9 ± 0.59 a.u. P = 0.0038) and the further 1.6-fold increase from rCC20 to rCC60 (4.9 ± 0.59 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8 a.u. P = 0.0024). This is the first demonstration of the ontogenetic profile of PDE5 expression in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. As it has been demonstrated that androgens control PDE5 expression and that PDE5 inhibitors need an optimal androgenic milieu to act perfectly on erection, the expression of AR protein in rat corpus cavernosum cells was then tested by Western blot. A 7.0-fold increase was observed in primary cultured cells from 3 to 60 days old (1.4 ± 0.38 vs. 9.8 ± 1.3 a.u. P = 0.0052). Conclusion., The increase in ARs during rat penile development parallels that of PDE5 RNA and protein, thus suggesting a positive effect of androgens on PDE5 expression. Carosa E, Rossi S, Giansante N, Gravina GL, Castri A, Dolci S, Botti F, Morelli A, Di Luigi L, Pepe M, Lenzi A, and Jannini EA. The ontogenetic expression pattern of type 5 phosphodiesterase correlates with androgen receptor expression in rat corpora cavernosa. J Sex Med 2009;6:388,396. [source] Increased glutamate/glutamine compounds in the brains of patients with fibromyalgia: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy studyARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 6 2010Manuel Valdés Objective Fibromyalgia (FM) has been defined as a systemic disorder that is clinically characterized by pain, cognitive deficit, and the presence of associated psychopathology, all of which are suggestive of a primary brain dysfunction. This study was undertaken to identify the nature of this cerebral dysfunction by assessing the brain metabolite patterns in patients with FM through magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques. Methods A cohort of 28 female patients with FM and a control group of 24 healthy women of the same age were studied. MRS techniques were used to study brain metabolites in the amygdala, thalami, and prefrontal cortex of these women. Results In comparison with healthy controls, patients with FM showed higher levels of glutamate/glutamine (Glx) compounds (mean ± SD 11.9 ± 1.6 arbitrary units [AU] versus 13.4 ± 1.7 AU in controls and patients, respectively; t = 2.517, 35 df, corrected P = 0.03) and a higher Glx:creatine ratio (mean ± SD 2.1 ± 0.4 versus 2.4 ± 1.4, respectively; t = 2.373, 35 df, corrected P = 0.04) in the right amygdala. In FM patients with increased levels of pain intensity, greater fatigue, and more symptoms of depression, inositol levels in the right amygdala and right thalamus were significantly higher. Conclusion The distinctive metabolic features found in the right amygdala of patients with FM suggest the possible existence of a neural dysfunction in emotional processing. The results appear to extend previous findings regarding the dysfunction in pain processing observed in patients with FM. [source] 2326: Influence of change in body position on choroidal blood flow in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndromeACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010A ALMANJOUMI Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) has been reported to be associated with ischemic and glaucomatous optic neuropathy (especially normal tension glaucoma). OSA per se is able to generate hypertension, atherosclerosis and autonomic dysfunction, all conditions possibly interacting with ocular vascular regulation. The aim of our study was to characterize the choroidal vascular reactivity to change in body position in OSA patients, as compared with matched healthy control subjects. Methods Eighteen newly diagnosed OSA patients were included in this prospective study. Control subjects were matched with OSA patients for body mass index (BMI), gender and age. At the screening visit, each subject underwent a general exam, cardiovascular, neurologic and ophthalmological examinations, and overnight polysomnography. The LDF instrument used in this study to measure subfoveal choroidal blood flow (ChBF), ChBVel , velocity (kHz); and volume, ChBVol (in arbitrary units, AU) Vascular choroidal reactivity was tested during the change in body position from the sitting to the supine position (10 min). Results OSA patients exhibited a similar choroidal reactivity during change in body position than controls with increased ChBVel (+15%), decreased ChBVol (-11.6%), and unchanged ChBF. IOP increased by 14.2% in the supine position whereas ocular perfusion pressure remained stable. Conclusion This prospective comparative study showed for the first time unimpaired choroidal vascular reactivity in otherwise healthy OSA patients. This suggests OSA patients, without comorbidities, has long-term adaptive mechanisms active in ocular microcirculation. [source] Rapid reduction of hard exudates in eyes with diabetic retinopathy after intravitreal triamcinolone: data from a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trialACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 3 2009Jörgen Larsson Abstract. Purpose:, To assess the effect of triamcinolone acetonide over 3 months on hard exudates in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Methods:, Thirty-two eyes of 16 patients with DMO and hard exudates were included in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Treated eyes received a single-dose (4 mg) intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Control eyes received an injection of subconjunctival saline. Results:, The overall area of hard exudates decreased significantly between the baseline and 3-month visits in treated eyes, but not in control eyes. The mean change in level of hard exudates between the two visits was , 0.75 arbitrary units (AU) (95% confidence interval [CI] , 1.32 to , 0.18) in the central plus inner circle (1500 ,m) and , 0.81 AU (95% CI , 1.49 to , 0.13) over the whole grid (3000 ,m) in treated eyes, compared with 0.31 AU (95% CI , 0.19 to 0.82) and 0.31 AU (95% CI , 0.11 to 0.74), respectively, in control eyes (p < 0.001). Mean visual acuity improved by five letters in treated but not in control eyes (p = 0.01). Conclusions:, Intravitreal triamcinolone reduces hard exudates in the short-term in eyes with DMO. [source] NEW INSIGHT INTO THE SIGNALLING PATHWAYS OF HEAT STRESS-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL PRECONDITIONING: PROTEIN KINASE C, TRANSLOCATION AND HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 27 PHOSPHORYLATIONCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2004Claire Arnaud SUMMARY 1.,Heat stress (HS) is known to induce delayed preconditioning against myocardial infarction 24 h later, but the exact signalling pathway of this response remains to be elucidated. In previous studies, we have shown evidence for the implication of protein kinase C (PKC) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the HS-induced reduction in infarct size. Furthermore, in their phosphorylated state, small heat shock proteins (Hsp27) seem to confer cytoskeletal protection. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of HS on the subcellular distribution of PKC isoforms and on Hsp27 phosphorylation. 2.,Rats were subjected to either HS (42°C for 15 min; HS group) or sham anaesthesia (sham group) before their hearts were excised. Myocardial tissue extracts obtained 20 min or 24 h after HS were processed for western blot analysis. 3.,In the HS group, PKC, translocated from the cytosolic to the particulate fraction (4426 ± 128 vs 6258 ± 316 arbitrary units; P = 0.002). Chelerythrine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a PKC inhibitor, abolished this translocation. Western blot analysis of Hsp27 24 h after HS showed a marked increase in protein expression and phosphorylation in the particulate fraction. 4.,In the present study, we have shown that HS induces the translocation of PKC, from the cytosolic to the particulate fraction. Along with our previous observation that PKC is a trigger of HS-induced myocardial preconditioning, the results of the present study suggest an important role of the , isoform of PKC in this cardioprotective mechanism. Furthermore, we have also demonstrated that the cytoprotective protein Hsp27 is phosphorylated following HS. Therefore, we can conclude that PKC and MAPK/Hsp27 are involved in the signalling pathway of HS-induced cardioprotection. [source] | |||||||||||||