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Muscle Satellite Cells (muscle + satellite_cell)
Selected AbstractsAlterations of M-cadherin, neural cell adhesion molecule and , -catenin expression in satellite cells during overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophyACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 3 2006M. Ishido Abstract Aim:, Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and M-cadherin are cell adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of skeletal muscle satellite cell (SC). During myogenic morphogenesis, M-cadherin participates in mediating terminal differentiation and fusion of myoblasts by forming a complex with , -catenin and that NCAM contributes to myotube formation by fusion of myoblasts. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of functionally overloaded skeletal muscle results from the fusion with SCs into the existing myofibres or new myofibre formation by SC,SC fusion. However, the alterations of NCAM, M-cadherin and , -catenin expressions in SCs in response to functional overload have not been investigated. Methods:, Using immunohistochemical approaches, we examined the temporal and spatial expression patterns of these factors expressed in SCs during the functional overload of skeletal muscles. Results:, Myofibres with SCs showing NCAM+/M-cadherin,, NCAM+/M-cadherin+ or NCAM,/M-cadherin+ were detected in overloaded muscles. The percentage changes of myofibres with SCs showing NCAM+/M-cadherin,, NCAM+/M-cadherin+ or NCAM,/M-cadherin+ were elevated in day-3 post-overloaded muscles, and then only the percentage changes of myofibres with SCs showing NCAM,/M-cadherin+ were significantly increased in day-7 post-overload muscles (P < 0.05). Both , -catenin and M-cadherin were co-localized throughout quiescent, proliferation and differentiation stages of SCs. Conclusion:, These results suggested that the expressions of NCAM, M-cadherin and , -catenin in SCs may be controlled by distinct regulatory mechanisms during functional overload, and that interactions among NCAM, M-cadherin and , -catenin in SCs may play important roles to contribute to overload-induced muscle hypertrophy via fusion with each other or into the existing myofibres of SCs. [source] Current opportunities and challenges in skeletal muscle tissue engineeringJOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, Issue 6 2009Merel Koning Abstract The purpose of this article is to give a concise review of the current state of the art in tissue engineering (TE) of skeletal muscle and the opportunities and challenges for future clinical applicability. The endogenous progenitor cells of skeletal muscle, i.e. satellite cells, show a high proneness to muscular differentiation, in particular exhibiting the same characteristics and function as its donor muscle. This suggests that it is important to use an appropriate progenitor cell, especially in TE facial muscles, which have a exceptional anatomical and fibre composition compared to other skeletal muscle. Muscle TE requires an instructive scaffold for structural support and to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitor cells. Current literature suggests that optimal scaffolding could comprise of a fibrin gel and cultured monolayers of muscle satellite cells obtained through the cell sheet technique. Tissue-engineered muscle constructs require an adequate connection to the vascular system for efficient transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products. Finally, functional and clinically applicable muscle constructs depend on adequate neuromuscular junctions with neural cells. To reach this, it seems important to apply optimal electrical, chemotropic and mechanical stimulation during engineering and discover other factors that influence its formation. Thus, in addition to approaches for myogenesis, we discuss the current status of strategies for angiogenesis and neurogenesis of TE muscle constructs and the significance for future clinical use. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Signaling satellite-cell activation in skeletal muscle: Markers, models, stretch, and potential alternate pathwaysMUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 3 2005Ashley C. Wozniak BSc Abstract Activation of skeletal muscle satellite cells, defined as entry to the cell cycle from a quiescent state, is essential for normal growth and for regeneration of tissue damaged by injury or disease. This review focuses on early events of activation by signaling through nitric oxide and hepatocyte growth factor, and by mechanical stimuli. The impact of various model systems used to study activation and the regulation of satellite-cell quiescence are placed in the context of activation events in other tissues, concluding with a speculative model of alternate pathways signaling satellite-cell activation. Muscle Nerve, 2005 [source] Co-expression of IGF-1 family members with myogenic regulatory factors following acute damaging muscle-lengthening contractions in humansTHE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 22 2008Bryon R. McKay Muscle regeneration following injury is dependent on the ability of muscle satellite cells to activate, proliferate and fuse with damaged fibres. This process is controlled by the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF). Little is known about the temporal relation of the MRF with the expression of known myogenic growth factors (i.e. IGF-1) in humans following muscle damage. Eight subjects (20.6 ± 2.1 years; 81.4 ± 9.8 kg) performed 300 lengthening contractions (180 deg s,1) of their knee extensors in one leg on a dynamometer. Blood and muscle samples were collected before and at 4 (T4), 24 (T24), 72 (T72) and 120 h (T120) post-exercise. Mechano growth factor (MGF), IGF-1Ea and IGF-1Eb mRNA were quantified. Serum IGF-1 did not change over the post-exercise time course. IGF-1Ea and IGF-1Eb mRNA increased ,4- to 6-fold by T72 (P < 0.01) and MGF mRNA expression peaked at T24 (P= 0.005). MyoD mRNA expression increased ,2-fold at T4 (P < 0.05). Myf5 expression peaked at T24 (P < 0.05), while MRF4 and myogenin mRNA expression peaked at T72 (P < 0.05). Myf5 expression strongly correlated with the increase in MGF mRNA (r2= 0.83; P= 0.03), while MRF4 was correlated with both IGF-1Ea and -Eb (r2= 0.90; r2= 0.81, respectively; P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis showed IGF-1 protein expression localized to satellite cells at T24, and to satellite cells and the myofibre at T72 and T120; IGF-1 was not detected at T0 or T4. These results suggest that the temporal response of MGF is probably related to the activation/proliferation phase of the myogenic programme as marked by an increase in both Myf5 and MyoD, while IGF-1Ea and - Eb may be temporally related to differentiation as marked by an increase in MRF4 and myogenin expression following acute muscle damage. [source] Expression and localization of opioid receptors in muscle satellite cells: no difference between fibromyalgia patients and healthy subjectsARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 11 2003Souzan Salemi PhD No abstract is available for this article. [source] | |||||||||||||