FAMILY PROCESS, Issue 4 2005
Elizabeth Stone Ph.D.
Family stories have long been recognized as a vehicle for assessing components of a family's emotional and social life, including the degree to which an immigrant family has been willing to assimilate. Transnationalism, defined as living in one or more cultures and maintaining connections to both, is now increasingly common. A qualitative study of family stories in the family of those who appear completely "American" suggests that an affiliation with one's home country is nevertheless detectable in the stories via motifs such as (1) positively connotated home remedies, (2) continuing denigration of home country "enemies," (3) extensive knowledge of the home country history and politics, (4) praise of endogamy and negative assessment of exogamy, (5) superiority of home country to America, and (6) beauty of home country. Furthermore, an awareness of which model,assimilationist or transnational,governs a family's experience may help clarify a clinician's understanding of a family's strengths, vulnerabilities, and mode of framing their cultural experiences. [source]

New ovine PrP gene haplotypes as a result of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PrP gene promoter

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS, Issue 2 2005
G.T. O'Neill
Summary Incidence of scrapie in sheep is strongly associated with PrP gene amino acid codon variants at positions 136, 154 and 171. However, there are breed differences in disease linkage and anomalous disease patterns which cannot obviously be explained by the ,3 codon' genotype. Mouse studies indicate that PrP protein levels can influence scrapie disease progression and this prompted us to study the sheep PrP gene promoter region in a search for novel polymorphisms which may influence gene expression and hence disease susceptibility. The incidence of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at positions C/A-5354, T/C-5382 and C/G-5622 within the PrP gene promoter region was determined from Neuropathogenesis Unit (NPU) and New Zealand (NZ) Cheviot and UK and NZ Suffolk sheep. The SNP variants A-5354 and G-5622 created consensus sequences for STAT and SP1 transcription factors, respectively, and C-5382 was within Motif 1, one of four conserved motifs found within the promoter region of mammalian PrP genes. The occurrence of C/A-5354 and T/C-5384 SNP exhibited differential associations with the PrP open reading frame (ORF) variants linked to scrapie susceptibility. A significant imbalance in the incidence of the C-5354/AXQ haplotype was found in the NPU Cheviot flock. C-5382 was not found in Suffolk sheep of either UK or NZ origin. The G-5622 SNP was found at a lower incidence in Suffolk sheep compared with Cheviots. The range of transcription factor binding motif profiles in the PrP gene promoter may act to modulate PrP gene activity and warrants further large-scale study. [source]

RNA binding motif (RBM) proteins: A novel family of apoptosis modulators?

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2005
Leslie C. Sutherland
Abstract RBM5 is a known modulator of apoptosis, an RNA binding protein, and a putative tumor suppressor. Originally identified as LUCA-15, and subsequently as H37, it was designated "RBM" (for RNA Binding Motif) due to the presence of two RRM (RNA Recognition Motif) domains within the protein coding sequence. Recently, a number of proteins have been attributed with this same RBM designation, based on the presence of one or more RRM consensus sequences. One such protein, RBM3, was also recently found to have apoptotic modulatory capabilities. The high sequence homology at the amino acid level between RBM5, RBM6, and particularly, RBM10 suggests that they, too, may play an important role in regulating apoptosis. It is the intent of this article to ammalgamate the data on the ten originally identified RBM proteins in order to question the existence of a novel family of RNA binding apoptosis regulators. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Amidinium Carboxylate Salt Bridges as a Recognition Motif for Mechanically Interlocked Molecules: Synthesis of an Optically Active [2]Catenane and Control of Its Structure,

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 32 2010
Yuji Nakatani
Salziges Catenan: Für die Synthese eines optisch aktiven [2]Catenans wurde eine Amidinium-Carboxylat-Salzbrücke genutzt (siehe Bild). Die relative Bewegung der beiden makrocyclischen Komponenten wurde vollständig durch ein Säure/Base- oder Zn2+/Cryptand-Paar gesteuert. [source]

Arylimidovanadium(V) Complexes for a Tridendritic Centrosymmetric Structural Motif or Axial Chirality,

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 1 2010
Toshiyuki Moriuchi Dr.
Wahlweise: Bei der Eintopfreaktion von Anilinderivaten mit VO(OiPr)3 in Gegenwart von NaH entsteht entweder dreikerniges Arylimidovanadium(V)-triisopropoxid mit einer tridendritischen zentrosymmetrischen Struktur (links im Bild) oder axial-chirales zweikerniges Arylimidovanadium(V)-triisopropoxid (rechts), bei dem die Selbstorganisation eine hoch geordnete Molekülanordnung im Festkörper zur Folge hat. [source]

A birth-to-death view of mRNA from the RNA recognition motif perspective,

BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION, Issue 1 2008
Terri Goss Kinzy
Abstract RNA binding proteins are a large and varied group of factors that are the driving force behind post-transcriptional gene regulation. By analogy with transcription factors, RNA binding proteins bind to various regions of the mRNAs that they regulate, usually upstream or downstream from the coding region, and modulate one of the five major processes in mRNA metabolism: splicing, polyadenylation, export, translation and decay. The most abundant RNA binding protein domain is called the RNA Recognition Motif (RRM)1. It is probably safe to say that an RRM-containing protein is making some contact with an mRNA throughout its existence. The transcriptional counterpart would likely be the histones, yet the multitude of specific functions that are results of RRM based interactions belies the universality of the motif. This complex and diverse application of a single protein motif was used as the basis to develop an advanced graduate level seminar course in RNA:protein interactions. The course, utilizing a learner-centered empowerment model, was developed to dissect each step in RNA metabolism from the perspective of an RRM containing protein. This provided a framework to discuss the development of specificity for the RRM for each required process. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Infinite Gold Zig-Zag Chains as Structural Motif in Ca3Au3In , A Ternary Ordered Variant of the Ni4B3 Type.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 11 2008
Ihor R. Muts
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

Microwave Induced Synthesis of the Thiazolidine-2,4-dione Motif and the Efficient Solvent Free-Solid Phase Parallel Syntheses of 5-Benzylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 5-Benzylidene-2-thioxo-thiazolidine-4-one Compounds.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 51 2006
B. R. Prashantha Kumar
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source]

Oligonucleotide , Minor Groove Binder 1:2 Conjugates: Side by Side Parallel Minor Groove Binder Motif in Stabilization of DNA Duplex

CHEMINFORM, Issue 6 2005
Vladimir A. Ryabinin
Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source]

Guanidinium Alkynesulfonates with Single-Layer Stacking Motif: Interlayer Hydrogen Bonding Between Sulfonate Anions Changes the Orientation of the Organosulfonate R Group from "Alternate Side" to "Same Side"

CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 8 2010
Karim Bouchmella
Abstract Hydrolyses of HCCSO3SiMe3 (1) and CH3CCSO3SiMe3 (2) lead to the formation of acetylenic sulfonic acids HCCSO3H,2.33,H2O (3) and CH3CCSO3H,1.88,H2O (4). These acids were reacted with guanidinium carbonate to yield [+C(NH2)3][HCCSO3,] (5) and [+C(NH2)3][CH3CCSO3,] (6). Compounds 1,6 were characterized by spectroscopic methods, and the X-ray crystal structures of the guanidinium salts were determined. The X-ray results of 5 show that the guanidinium cations and organosulfonate anions associate into 1D ribbons through (8) dimer interactions, whereas association of these ions in 6 is achieved through (8) and (6) interactions. The ribbons in 5 associate into 2D sheets through (8) dimer interactions and (12) rings, whereas those in 6 are connected through (6) and (8) dimer interactions and (14) rings. Compound 6 exhibits a single-layer stacking motif similar to that found in guanidinium alkane- and arenesulfonates, that is, the alkynyl groups alternate orientation from one ribbon to the next. The stacking motif in 5 is also single-layer, but due to interlayer hydrogen bonding between sulfonate anions, the alkynyl groups of each sheet all point to the same side of the sheet. [source]

The Mechanism of Formation of Amide-Based Interlocked Compounds: Prediction of a New Rotaxane-Forming Motif

CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 20 2004
David A. Leigh Prof.
Abstract Molecular modeling of four different reagent systems shows that the (free) energies of supramolecular interactions in the gas phase and in solution can explain the different reaction products (i.e., various sized macrocycles, catenanes, and linear oligomers) that are formed in classic amide-catenane-forming reactions. Self-assembly of the catenanes requires the formation of ordered intertwined chains and is driven by bifurcated hydrogen bonds, with , stacking only playing a lesser role. The understanding gained from the computational study was used to predict the possibility of a new rotaxane-forming system that does not permit catenane formation. The predictions were confirmed by the successful synthesis and characterization (including X-ray crystallography) of two novel rotaxanes. [source]

Synthesis of Aromatase Inhibitors and Dual Aromatase Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors by Linking an Arylsulfamate Motif to 4-(4H -1,2,4-triazol-4-ylamino)benzonitrile: SAR, Crystal Structures, in,vitro and in,vivo Activities

CHEMMEDCHEM, Issue 11 2008
Christian Bubert Dr.
Abstract 4-(((4-Cyanophenyl)(4H -1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)amino)methyl)phenyl sulfamate (6,a) was the first dual aromatase,sulfatase inhibitor (DASI) reported. Several series of its derivatives with various linker systems between the steroid sulfatase (STS) and the aromatase inhibitory pharmacophores were synthesised and evaluated in JEG-3 cells. The X-ray crystal structures of the aromatase inhibitors, DASI precursors 42,d and 60, and DASI 43,h were determined. Nearly all derivatives show improved in,vitro aromatase inhibition over 6,a but decreased STS inhibition. The best aromatase inhibitor is 42,e (IC50=0.26,nM) and the best DASI is 43,e (IC50,aromatase=0.45,nM, IC50,STS=1200,nM). SAR for aromatase inhibition shows that compounds containing an alkylene- and thioether-based linker system are more potent than those that are ether-, sulfone-, or sulfonamide-based, and that the length of the linker has a limited effect on aromatase inhibition beyond two methylene units. Compounds 43,d,f were studied in,vivo (10,mg,kg,1, single, p.o.). The most potent DASI is 43,e, which inhibited PMSG-induced plasma estradiol levels by 92,% and liver STS activity by 98,% 3,h after dosing. These results further strengthen the concept of designing and developing DASIs for potential treatment of hormone-related cancers. [source]

An Unusual 3D Interdigitated Architecture Self-Assembled from Sidearm-Containing 2D Bilayer Motifs with a Cuboidal Framework

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 17 2005
Xin-Long Wang
Abstract The new complex [Zn(H2bptc)(bpy)]·0.5bpdo (1) [H4bptc = 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine, and bpdo = 4,4'-bipyridine N,N' -dioxide] has been synthesized and characterized. It exhibits a novel (2D,3D) interdigitated architecture that is obtained for the first time from the self-assembly of sidearm-containing bilayer motifs with a cuboidal framework, in which each cuboidal box of one bilayer is interdigitated by two arms that belong to two adjacent bilayers. The luminescent properties of 1 are discussed. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005) [source]

Helicobacter pylori CagA: Analysis of Sequence Diversity in Relation to Phosphorylation Motifs and Implications for the Role of CagA as a Virulence Factor

HELICOBACTER, Issue 3 2001
Doyle J. Evans Jr
Abstract CagA is transported into host target cells and subsequently phosphorylated. Clearly this is a mechanism by which Helicobacter pylori could take control of one or more host cell signal transduction pathways. Presumably the end result of this interaction favors survival of H. pylori, irrespective of eventual damage to the host cell. CagA is noted for its amino acid (AA) sequence diversity, both within and outside the variable region of the molecule. The primary purpose of this review is to examine how variation in the type and number of CagA phosphorylation sites might determine the outcome of infection by different strains of H. pylori. The answer to this question could help to explain the widely disparate results obtained when H. pylori CagA status has been compared to type and severity of disease outcome in different populations, that is in different countries. Analysis of all available CagA sequences revealed that CagA contains both tyrosine phosphorylation motifs (TPMs) and cyclic-AMP-dependent phosphorylation motifs (CPMs). There are two potential CPMs near the N-terminus of CagA and at least two in the repeat region; these are not all equally well conserved. We also defined a 48-residue AA sequence, which includes the N-terminal TPM at tyrosine (Y)-122, which distinguishes between Eastern (Hong Kong-Taiwan-Japan-Thailand) H. pylori isolates and those from the West (Europe-Africa-the Americas-Australia). All 28 of the Eastern type CagA proteins have a functional N-terminal TPM whereas 11 of 47 (23.4%) of the Western type contain an inactive motif, with threonine (T) replacing the critical aspartic acid (D) residue. Only 13 of 24 (54%) known CagA sequences have an active TPM in the repeat region and only one has two TPMs in this region. The potential TPM near the C-terminus of CagA is not likely to be important since only 3 of 24 (12.5%) sequences were found to be intact. Protein database searches revealed that the AA sequence immediately following the TPM at Y-122 in CagA is homologous with a pair of PDZ domains which are common in signal transducing proteins, particularly tyrosine phosphatases. This provides a theoretical link between CagA and many of the observed responses of host cells to H. pylori. In summary, not all CagA proteins are equal in their potential for initiating host cell responses via signal transduction pathways. The degree of functional diversity of this protein depends upon which phosphorylation motifs are critical to the biological activity of CagA. [source]

Copper-Binding Motifs: Structural and Theoretical Aspects

HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 5 2003
Amy Kaufman, Katz
In this paper, we report the results of a study involving the coordination geometries of CuI, CuII, and CuIII crystal structures in the Cambridge Structural Database, and on Cu binding sites in proteins taken from the Protein Data Bank. The motifs used to bind two bridged Cu ions are also described. In addition, we report the results of ab initio molecular-orbital calculations performed on a variety of model CuI/CuII complexes (CuI/CuII,XnYm (X, Y=NH3, SH2); n+m=4; n=0,4) to provide data on the structural and energetic changes that occur in isolated complexes when the oxidation state of the Cu ion is changed from II to I while the coordination number is conserved. The use of such simple ligands in these calculations eliminates constraints on the geometric changes that may be imposed by more-complicated ligands. [source]

Motifs in nucleic acids: Molecular mechanics restraints for base pairing and base stacking

JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2003
Stephen C. Harvey
Abstract In building and refining nucleic acid structures, it is often desirable to enforce particular base pairing and/or base stacking interactions. Energy-based modeling programs with classical molecular mechanics force fields do not lend themselves to the easy imposition of penalty terms corresponding to such restraints, because the requirement that two bases lie in or near the same plane (pairing) or that they lie in parallel planes (stacking) cannot be easily expressed in terms of traditional interactions involving two atoms (bonds), three atoms (angles), or four atoms (torsions). Here we derive expressions that define a collection of pseudobonds and pseudoangles through which molecular mechanics restraints for base pairing and stacking can be imposed. We have implemented these restraints into the JUMNA package for modeling DNA and RNA structures. JUMNA scripts can specify base pairing with a variety of standard geometries (Watson,Crick, Hoogsteen, wobble, etc.), or with user-defined geometries; they can also specify stacking arrangements. We have also implemented "soft-core" functions to modify van der Waals and electrostatic interactions to avoid steric conflicts in particularly difficult refinements where two backbones need to pass through one another. Test cases are presented to show the utility of the method. The restraints could be adapted for implementation in other molecular mechanics packages. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 1,9, 2003 [source]

The Single-Stranded DNA- and RNA-Binding Proteins Pur , and Pur , Link BC1 RNA to Microtubules Through Binding to the Dendrite-Targeting RNA Motifs

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2000
Sachiyo Ohashi
Abstract: Neural BC1 RNA is distributed in neuronal dendrites as RNA,protein complexes (BC1 RNPs) containing Translin. In this study, we demonstrated that the single-stranded DNA- and RNA-binding protein pur , and its isoform, pur ,, which have been implicated in control of DNA replication and transcription, linked BC1 RNA to microtubules (MTs). The binding site was within the 5, proximal region of BC1 RNA containing putative dendrite-targeting RNA motifs rich in G and U residues, suggesting that in the cytoplasm of neurons, these nuclear factors are involved in the BC1 RNA transport along dendritic MTs. The pur proteins were not components of BC1 RNP but appeared to associate with MTs in brain cells. Therefore, it is suggested that they may transiently interact with the RNP during transport. In this respect, the interaction of pur proteins with BC1 RNA could be regulated by the Translin present within the RNP, because the binding mode of these two classes of proteins (pur proteins and Translin) to the dendrite-targeting RNA motifs was mutually exclusive. As the motifs are well conserved in microtubule-associated protein 2a/b mRNA as well, the pur proteins may also play a role(s) in the dendritic transport of a subset of mRNAs. [source]

Titelbild: Dynamers at the Solid,Liquid Interface: Controlling the Reversible Assembly/Reassembly Process between Two Highly Ordered Supramolecular Guanine Motifs (Angew. Chem.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 11 2010
11/2010)
Dynamere in Aktion können mit geeigneten supramolekularen Architekturen an Grenzflächen beobachtet werden. In der Zuschrift auf S.,2007,ff. beschreiben G.,P. Spada, P. Samorì et,al. den Einsatz der Rastertunnelmikroskopie, um die metallvermittelte reversible Anordnung/Neuanordnung von N9 -Alkylguaninmonoschichten auf der submolekularen Ebene zu visualisieren. Durch pH-Wert-Änderung werden an der Graphit-Lösungs-Grenzfläche hoch geordnete Quartett- in bandartige Architekturen überführt. [source]

Dynamers at the Solid,Liquid Interface: Controlling the Reversible Assembly/Reassembly Process between Two Highly Ordered Supramolecular Guanine Motifs,

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 11 2010
Artur Ciesielski
Band oder Quartett: Die Zugabe von [2.2.2]Cryptand, Kaliumpicrat (K+(pic),) und Trifluormethansulfonsäure löst eine dynamische Neuanordnung in Octadecylguanin(G)-Monoschichten aus. Die gebildeten Strukturen, die zwischen einem H-Brücken-gebundenen G-Band und einem G-Quartett alternieren, wurden an einer Graphit-flüssig-Grenzfläche mit STM verfolgt (siehe Bild). [source]

Predesigned Hexanuclear CuII and CuII/NiII Metallacycles Featuring Six-Node Metallacoronand Structural Motifs,

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 38 2009
Feng Li Dr.
Dreimal Metall im Doppelpack: Mit einem 1,4-Aryl-verknüpften Bis(triketonato)-Liganden, der eine gebogene Konformation einnehmen kann, bilden CuII oder CuII und NiII ungewöhnliche sechskernige Cu6,nNinL3 -Metallacoronandstrukturen (siehe Bild; n=0, 3). Innerhalb der sechskernigen CuII -Spezies treten zwischen benachbarten Paaren von Metallionen starke antiferromagnetische Wechselwirkungen auf. [source]

Prospecting the Proteome: Identification of Naturally Occurring Binding Motifs for Biarsenical Probes

CHEMBIOCHEM, Issue 16 2007
Ting Wang Dr.
Don't be too rigid. Fluorescent biarsenical probes function by binding to peptide tags genetically engineered into a protein under study. We have found an improved, less rigid peptide tag to bind FlAsH and other xanthene-based biarsenicals. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Catalytic Routes to Spiroketal Motifs.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 24 2009
Selvasothi Selvaratnam
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Compounds of Superatom Clusters: Preferred Structures and Significant Nonlinear Optical Properties of the BLi6X (X: F, LiF2, BeF3, BF4) Motifs.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 8 2009
Ying Li
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Competition Among fcc-Like, Double-Layered Flat, Tubular Cage, and Close-Packed Structural Motifs for Medium-Sized Aun (n = 21,28) Clusters

CHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2008
Dongxu Tian
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

Superatom Compounds, Clusters, and Assemblies: Ultra Alkali Motifs and Architectures.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 45 2007
Arthur C. Reber
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source]

Transformation of Double Hydrogen-Bonding Motifs of TTF-Uracil System by Redox Change.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 12 2006
Eigo Miyazaki
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source]

A Germanate Framework Containing 24-Ring Channels, Ni,Ge Bonds, and Chiral [Ni@Ge14O24(OH)3] Cluster Motifs Transferred from Chiral Metal Complexes.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 2 2006
Zhi-En Lin
Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source]

Construction of Arene-Fused-Piperidine Motifs by Asymmetric Addition of 2-Trityloxymethylaryllithiums to Nitroalkenes: The Asymmetric Synthesis of a Dopamine D1 Full Agonist, A-86929.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 23 2004
Mitsuaki Yamashita
Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Porphyrins Bearing Rigid Hydrogen Bonding Motifs: Highly Versatile Building Blocks for Self-Assembly of Polymers and Discrete Arrays.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 11 2002
Xinxu Shi
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Condensed [PtIn3/3] and [PtIn6/6] Units as Structural Motifs in ScPtIn, TbPtIn, and HoPtIn.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 6 2001
Yaroslav V. Galadzhun
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]