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Mosses
Kinds of Mosses Terms modified by Mosses Selected AbstractsOrganic,inorganic hybrid brushes consisting of macrocyclic oligomeric silsesquioxane and poly(,-caprolactone): Synthesis, characterization, and supramolecular inclusion complexation with ,-cyclodextrinJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 24 2009Jin Han Abstract Organic,inorganic hybrid brushes comprised of macrocyclic oligomeric silsesquioxane (MOSS) and poly(,-caprolactone) (PCL) were synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization of ,-caprolactone (CL) with cis- hexa[(phenyl) (2-hydroxyethylthioethyldimethylsiloxy)]cyclohexasiloxane as the initiator. The MOSS macromer bearing hydroxyl groups was synthesized via the thiol-ene radical addition reaction between cis -hexa[(phenyl)(vinyldimethylsiloxy)]cyclohexasiloxane and ,-mercaptoethanol. The organic,inorganic PCL cyclic brushes were characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). These MOSS,PCL brushes were then used to prepare the supramolecular inclusion complexes with ,-cyclodextrin (,-CD). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that the organic,inorganic inclusion complexes (ICs) have a channel-type crystalline structure. It is noted that the molar ratios of CL unit to ,-CD for the organic,inorganic ICs are quite dependent on the lengths of the PCL chains bonded to the silsesquioxane macrocycle. While the PCL chains were short, the efficiency of inclusion complexation was significantly decreased. The decreased efficiency could be attributed to the repulsion of the adjacent PCL chains bonded to the silsesquioxane macrocycle and the restriction of the bulky silsesquioxane macrocycle on the motion of PCL chains; this effect is pronounced with decreasing the length of the PCL chains. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2009 [source] Disulfide bonds in merozoite surface protein 1 of the malaria parasite impede efficient antigen processing and affect the in vivo antibody responseEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 3 2004M. Hensmann Vol. 34(3) 2004, DOI 10.1002/eji.200324514 Due to a technical error, the wrong affiliations were given for C. Moss and V. Lindo. These are correct as given above. See original article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200324514 [source] Comparison of greenhouse gas fluxes and nitrogen budgets from an ombotrophic bog in Scotland and a minerotrophic sedge fen in FinlandEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 5 2010J. Drewer Northern peatlands cover approximately 4% of the global land surface area. Those peatlands will be particularly vulnerable to environmental and climate change and therefore it is important to investigate their total greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets, to determine the feedback on the climate. Nitrogen (N) is known to influence the GHG budget in particular by affecting the methane (CH4) balance. At two peatland sites in Scotland and Finland GHG fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen fluxes were measured as part of the European project ,NitroEurope'. The Scottish site, Auchencorth Moss, was a GHG sink of ,321, ,490 and ,321 g CO2 eq m,2 year,1 in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, with CO2 as the dominating GHG. In contrast, the dominating GHG at the Finnish site, Lompolojänkkä, was CH4, resulting in the site being a net GHG source of +485 and +431 g CO2 eq m,2 year,1 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Therefore, Auchencorth Moss had a negative global warming potential (GWP) whilst Lompolojänkkä had a positive GWP over the investigated time period. Initial results yielded a positive N budget for Lompolojänkkä of 7.1 kg N ha,1 year,1, meaning the site was gaining nitrogen, and a negative N budget for Auchencorth Moss of ,2.4 kg N ha year,1, meaning the site was losing nitrogen. [source] Moss beneath a leafless larch canopy: influence on water and energy balances in the southern mountainous taiga of eastern SiberiaHYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES, Issue 15 2007Kazuyoshi Suzuki Abstract The southern mountainous taiga of eastern Siberia has a sparse larch canopy and an understory dominated by a thick moss layer. The physiology of moss is very different from that of other plants, as mosses lack roots and vascular systems and take up water directly. During May 2002, we conducted hydrological and meteorological measurements in the taiga of eastern Siberia to investigate the role of understory moss on water and energy balances within a leafless larch forest. We found that below-leafless canopy net all-wave radiation partitions into 39% latent heat flux and 39% sensible heat flux, while the mean daily Bowen ratio is about 1. Ground heat flux on the moss surface is also an important factor, as it comprises 22% of net all-wave radiation. Evaporation from moss beneath the leafless canopy was 24 mm during the 1-month observation period, representing 23% of the water flux into the larch forest. This finding implies that moss intercepted 23% of the water flux into the larch forest. In addition, evaporation from the moss understory during May 2002 comprised 22% of total evapotranspiration previously estimated above the canopy (April,October 2001). We conclude that moss is an important component of the water and energy balance in larch forests in the taiga region. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Local annual survival of booming male Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris in Britain, in the period 1990,1999IBIS, Issue 1 2002Gillian Gilbert Male Great Bitterns Botaurus stellaris have individually distinctive boom vocalizations which have been used since 1990 to count the British population accurately. We used vocal individuality to identify birds between years and analyse the survival of the British booming population. We used six instances of Great Bitterns known to be the same birds (from radio tracking and re-sighting of darvic rings) in successive years to provide a means of identification independent from vocalizations. All of these birds remained in the same territory from one year to the next. Seven spectrogram measures were chosen as quantitative descriptors of Great Bittern booms. Boom similarity was expressed in terms of Euclidean ,acoustic' distance between descriptors of pairs of birds. Great Bitterns that were known to be the same birds had more similar booms across years than those known to be different. The acoustic distances and knowledge of site fidelity were used to construct parsimonious rules on which to base re-identification decisions and to build survival histories. Great Bittern local survival in Britain as a whole was estimated as 70% (± 5.1 se) with survival in north-west England (at Leighton Moss) higher (82.8%, ± 7.3 se) than that in East Anglian sites (65.2%, ± 5.4 se) (,12 = 3.4, P = 0.07). Movements of males between years were apparent between sites within the Suffolk and Norfolk coastal regions but not on a large scale. Survival of adult males in East Anglia was positively related to winter rainfall, but there was no significant relationship with winter temperature. There was a positive relationship between the annual population change in East Anglia and the annual local adult survival rate. [source] Climatic control of blanket mire development at Kentra Moss, north-west ScotlandJOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 5 2000Christopher J. Ellis Summary 1,Four peat cores were collected from Kentra Moss, north-west Scotland, and analysed for botanical macrofossils and peat humification. The pollen record was used as a template for the identification of synchronous levels between cores. 2,A non-random pattern of change in bryophyte macrofossils and humification was simultaneous between all four cores. Stratigraphic changes occurred independently of human land-use and were best interpreted as palaeoclimatic events. Remains of Racomitrium lanuginosum and Sphagnum papillosum, in conjunction with changes in peat humification, provided the clearest indication of past increases in climatic wetness (,wetshifts') to impact upon mire hydrology and ecology. 3,Eight wetshifts were identified and radiocarbon-dated, beginning at c. 3250, 2550, 2150, 1400, 1150, 875, 600 and 325 calibrated years BP (cal. BP). Seven of these wetshifts match closely with palaeoclimatic events from a range of mires previously examined in Britain and Ireland. We suggest that blanket mires may provide the best source of decade- to century-scale palaeoclimatic information in oceanic north-west Europe. 4,The proxy-climatic evidence indicates that: (i) the extinction of Sphagnum imbricatum at Kentra Moss (at c. 1400 cal. BP) was caused by an increase in climatic and mire surface wetness, when it was replaced first by Racomitrium lanuginosum and then by Sphagnum papillosum; and (ii) that increased climatic wetness and human land-use were responsible for the shift from an early minerotrophic peatland to ombrotrophic blanket mire at c. 4070 cal. BP. 5,Given the evidence for a prevailing climatic effect on the development of Kentra Moss, the effect of human-induced global warming on Britain's blanket mire resource will probably be significant. British blanket mires have international conservation status, and future changes in their ecology will challenge conservationists, academics and politicians. [source] A11. The influence of the media on eating disordersJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 5 2000S. Almond Background The cause of eating disorders is multifactorial. One of these is sociocultural factors which include family, peers and the media. It has been suggested that constant media pressures can lead to body dissatisfaction, which may result in distorted eating patterns. Aims To review the role of the media in relation to eating disorders Results There has been a shift in the media portrayal of the 'ideal' body size for women, from the voluptuous curved figure of Marilyn Monroe in the 1950s to a thinner 'waif-like' look of Kate Moss in the 1980s. In the mass media shape and weight define perfection. Women perceive themselves as being bigger than they actually are. Their figure deviates from the ideal thus resulting in self body dissatisfaction. 'All I see is these pretty models, I wish I could look like one of them.' ( Wertheim et al. 1997 ) The 'ideal' body image is far from the physiologic norm. Supermodels are born with a specific body type and what the public doesn't understand is that they cannot diet to achieve it. 'Women don't set out to be anorexic, they begin by thinking they're too fat because everywhere they go the media is telling them that they are right' ( Barrett, 1997) Products are often advertised displaying the ideal body shape in the hope that it will enhance the product and create body dissatisfaction. Purchasing the product is perceived as a positive step towards reaching the 'perfect' body image. Concern surrounds the appearance of such advertisements in magazines aimed at adolescent girls, as at this age they are particularly vulnerable to the influences of the media. Stice and Shaw (1994) stated that exposure to the thin 'idea' may have a negative effect on emotions leading to body dissatisfaction. Such emotions include depression, stress, guilt, shame, insecurity, unhappiness, and lower self-confidence. A study by Schotte et al. (1990) indicated that negative emotions can disrupt eating behaviour. Dieters watching a frightening film increased their food intake, whereas nondieters did not. Conclusion The media are not solely responsible for eating disorders but they do contribute by promoting the 'ideal' physique. There is some resistance to media messages, as the majority of people do not develop distorted eating patterns. [source] A high-resolution pollen and geochemical analysis of late Holocene human impact and vegetation history in southern Cumbria, England,JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE, Issue 3 2009Paul M. V. Coombes Abstract The historic era, which in Cumbria begins with the Roman invasion of AD 71, is a frequently neglected period in palaeoecological research, but its study can bring benefits in improving knowledge of landscape history and in understanding the significance and limitations of palaeoecological records. Pollen and geochemical data are presented for late Holocene records from Deer Dyke and Hulleter Mosses in southern Cumbria. The records show initially low levels of anthropogenic impact, followed by a phase of forest clearance and mixed agriculture from the 7th to 11th centuries AD. The timing of these clearances suggests that they were initially Anglo-Saxon in origin, rather than Norse. Further clearances in the 16th century AD are interpreted as a response to monastic dissolution and late Tudor population pressures; the landscapes reached their contemporary form following extensive clearances in the 17th century AD. Silicon and titanium concentrations at Deer Dyke Moss were used to reconstruct past levels of atmospheric dust loading, which is broadly related to soil erosion. Geochemical influx was found to peak during periods of landscape transition rather than from established land use. This relationship with pollen data is thought to reflect the predominantly low levels of anthropogenic impact in the region, which changes as substantial woodland clearances during the 16th century AD and continuous land use pressure since then have greatly increased the supply of airborne dust. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Factors determining the centrifugal organization of remnant Festuca grassland communities in AlbertaJOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE, Issue 1 2000K. Vujnovic Moss (1983); Pavlick & Looman (1984) Abstract. This paper describes the species composition of remnant grasslands in the aspen parkland region of Alberta and its relation to soil characteristics and small-scale disturbance. Our findings are consistent with the centrifugal model of communities with Festuca hallii dominating undisturbed ,core' habitat and the composition of more ,peripheral' habitats varying in soil properties and in the magnitude of disturbance. Invasive non-native species are not present in the core habitat and are present only in the disturbed sites, most abundantly in those with the highest soil nitrogen. The centrifugal model, as it applies to these remnant grasslands, differs from its previous application to wetlands and forests in that the core communities are not on the most fertile sites, but on the least disturbed. These findings have implications for the management of prairie remnants to exclude invasive exotic species. [source] Largest fixed points of set continuous operators and Boffa's Anti-FoundationMLQ- MATHEMATICAL LOGIC QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2005Hisato Muraki Abstract In Aczel [1], the existence of largest (written "greatest" in Barwise and Moss [2]) fixed points of set continuous operators is proved assuming the schema version of dependent choices in Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of Foundation. In the present paper, we study whether the existence of largest fixed points of set continuous operators is provable without the schema version of dependent choices, using Boffa's weak antifoundation axioms. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] In Memory of the Father: Laurence S. MossAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Joshua Louis Moss A personal reflection on the life and philosophy of the late Laurence S. Moss (former editor of the AJES) by his son, Joshua Louis Moss. Mixing personal anecdote with a general academic analysis, Moss informally examines his father's intellectual beginnings in the 1960s drawn from the lectures of Ludwig Von Mises, and traces this through his father's development of innovative teaching techniques like the incorporation of stage magic. Moss examines his father's intellectual contrarianism and canonical skepticism as key developmental foundations used to build his father's academic and pedagogical approach. Moss examines his father's interest in expanding economics through a cross-disciplinary approach utilizing philosophy, history, sociology, and performance studies through his father's innovative examination of points of contact between the principles of stage magic and the principles of economic theory. [source] Laurence Steven Moss, 1944,2009AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010A Biographical Sketch Larry Moss lived a busy life as an academic, a professor, an attorney, a journal editor, and a skilled magician. He was a prolific publisher of scholarly articles and books, and an editor of scholarly volumes. With friendly charm and humor, he sought to encourage others in their scholarly pursuits. He employed his magical skills to enliven his courses and to illustrate certain economic phenomena. Larry served the History of Economics Society in important capacities, including its presidency. He sought "methodological tolerance" and interacted with scholars of different philosophical persuasions. He organized memorials for numerous other economists; it thus is fitting that we do so here for him. [source] Cultivating Catallactics: Laurence Moss as Scholar and MentorAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Peter J. Boettke First page of article [source] Larry Moss: One of the Good Guys in EconomicsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010David Colander First page of article [source] Larry Moss: An Editorial AppreciationAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Craufurd Goodwin No abstract is available for this article. [source] Continuing a Conversation with Larry MossAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Samuel Hollander First page of article [source] The Preaching Must Never Stop: Remembering Larry MossAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Roger Koppl First page of article [source] Laurence Moss: A RemembranceAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010C. R. McCann No abstract is available for this article. [source] Larry Moss and the Struggle Against Racism by the Whately Professors of Political EconomyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Sandra J. Peart In this note, we highlight an important consideration of Larry Moss's life's work, the continual struggle within economics against racism. Larry initiated and supported the symposium on eugenics published by the American Journal of Economics and Sociology in July 2005. He edited the volume Social Inequality, Analytical Egalitarianism and the March Toward Eugenic Explanations in the Social Sciences in August 2008. These constitute obvious signs of Larry's concern. He conjectured that the Trinity College Dublin political economists who held the Whately professorship should be thought of as a school. Such a school was in fact identified in 1850 by an outsider who pointed to their shared opposition to racial explanations within an institutional setting. That shared opposition allowed them to speak against the narrow interests of the rulers of the country. Of course, other political economists of the time, Mill in particular, were also emphatic in their anti-racism. Thus, not only do we need to take up Larry's challenge to describe the Trinity College school but we must also seek its connections with the Scottish-English group of anti-racists. [source] The Case for Economic Reasoning in MBA Education RevisitedAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Lidija Polutnik Laurence S. Moss was a great scholar and author of countless articles and books. During his long career he continued to be excited by economics and history and made these subjects interesting to his students. For almost 30 years, undergraduate students enrolled in his Scams and Frauds class and Contemporary Economic Systems class in large numbers. Larry would engage students to think, to independently question prevailing truths, and to probe further. This essay is a reflection of our shared experience teaching in the full-time MBA program at Babson College. [source] Working with Larry Moss and Marjorie Grice-HutchinsonAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Christopher K. Ryan First page of article [source] Laurence S. Moss, 1944,2009AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Warren J. Samuels First page of article [source] On Laurence Moss: Unafraid to Say the Emperor Has No ClothesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Mark Tomass First page of article [source] Laurence S. Moss as a Young ScholarAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Karen I. Vaughn First page of article [source] Laurence Moss as Exceptional ProfessorAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Barbara Wong No abstract is available for this article. [source] Appendix I: Publications by Larry MossAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Article first published online: 20 JAN 2010 First page of article [source] Stream mosses as chemically-defended refugia for freshwater macroinvertebratesOIKOS, Issue 2 2007John D. Parker Marine and terrestrial studies show that small, sedentary herbivores that utilize plants as both food and habitat can gain enemy-free space by living on hosts that are chemically defended from larger, generalist consumers. Although large herbivores are increasingly recognized as important consumers of macrophytes in freshwater communities, the potential indirect effects of herbivory on plant-associated macroinvertebrates have rarely been studied. Here, we show that the large, generalist consumers in a riverine system, Canada geese, Branta canadensis, and crayfish, Procambarus spiculifer, both selectively consumed riverweed, Podostemum ceratophyllum, over an aquatic moss, Fontinalis novae-angliae, even though moss comprised 89% of the total plant biomass on riverine rocky shoals. Moss supported twice as many plant-associated macroinvertebrates as riverweed, suggesting that it might provide a spatial refuge from consumption by these larger consumers. Bioassay-guided fractionation of moss extracts led to the isolation of a C18 acetylenic acid, octadeca-9,12-dien-6-ynoic acid, that deterred crayfish feeding. In contrast to results with Canada geese and crayfish, both the amphipod Crangonyx gracilis and the isopod Asellus aquaticus consumed significant amounts of moss but rejected riverweed in laboratory feeding assays. Moreover, neither amphipod nor isopod feeding was deterred by the crude organic extract of Fontinalis, suggesting that these mesograzers tolerate or circumvent the chemical defenses that deterred larger consumers. Thus, herbivory by large, generalist herbivores may drive freshwater plant community structure towards chemically defended plants and favor the ecological specialization of smaller, less mobile herbivores on unpalatable hosts that represent enemy-free space. [source] On the Origins of The American Journal of Economics and Sociology: Its Purposes and ObjectivesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Will Lissner This essay, written with the help of his devoted wife, Mrs. Dorothy Burnham Lissner, was prepared at the request of the current editor of the AJES. This essay was written during the fall of 1999. On September 10, Mrs. Lissner informed me that, "The early history of the Journal is all done. . . . I hope it is satisfactory . . . Will and I worked very hard on it. Long hours. . . . so I decided to interview him and take down what he said or have him answer on tape. Then I put everything together on the computer, almost like an article. He [Will Lissner] has checked it and thinks it's perfect, that we can do no better" (correspendence of D. B. Lissner with L. Moss, 9/10/99). This is the last known writing of Will Lissner and summarizes his aims, goals, and ambitions for this Journal nearly six decades after its founding. Had Will had more time, this essay would have been the first of a series of reflections on this history of this Journal. [source] Uptake of pesticides from water by curly waterweed Lagarosiphon major and lesser duckweed Lemna minorPEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 8 2007Renato F de Carvalho Abstract The uptake of pesticides from water by two aquatic plants, the submersed Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss and the floating duckweed Lemna minor L., was measured over periods of up to 72 h. Twelve non-ionised pesticides and analogues, chosen to span a wide range of physicochemical properties, and one analogue (3,5-D) of the phenoxyacetic acid herbicide 2,4-D were studied. Concentrations of the parent compound were determined in the plants following extraction and separation by chromatography. Quantification was by liquid scintillation counting for the 14C-labelled compounds and by high-performance liquid chromatography for the four non-radiolabelled commercial pesticides. Uptake for all compound and plant combinations had reached equilibrium by 24 h. Accumulation of compound in the plant could be described well for most non-ionised compounds by equilibration into the aqueous phase in the plant cells together with partitioning onto the plant solids, this latter process becoming dominant in Lagarosiphon for compounds with log Kow > 1 and in Lemna for compounds with log Kow > 1.8. Lipophilic compounds with log Kow > 4 were concentrated more than 100-fold on a fresh-weight basis. However, the uptake of isoproturon and chlorotoluron was up to threefold less than expected from their Kow values, and their behaviour was better explained using solvation descriptors. Uptake of the acid 3,5-D was dependent on solution pH, this compound being strongly taken up at lower pH by the process of ion trapping, as previously observed in barley roots. Aquatic vegetation can thus rapidly accumulate pesticides, and could be an important sink especially for lipophilic pesticides reaching well-vegetated waters. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Stoichiometry effects and the Moss,Burstein effect for InNPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 1 2006K. S. A. Butcher Abstract We examine the Moss,Burstein effect for InN and demonstrate an independent method for determing its magnitude for high carrier concentration material. Consequently it is shown that the extent of the Moss,Burstein effect is less than 0.72 eV for a high carrier concentration sample with a 1.88 eV absorption edge. Early results are also provided for high band-gap low carrier concentration InN films that can be grown reprodcibly, vindicating the work of early groups in the field. The role of stoichiometry is examined in relation to point defects that appear to be common to many forms of InN. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] |