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Moral
Terms modified by Moral Selected AbstractsMORAL REFORM, MORAL DISAGREEMENT, AND ABORTIONMETAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 4 2007KATHLEEN WALLACE Abstract: Bernard Gert argues that legitimate moral disagreement calls for tolerance and moral humility; when there is more than one morally acceptable course of action, then intolerance and what Gert calls "moral arrogance" would be objectionable. This article identifies some possible difficulties in distinguishing moral arrogance from moral reform and then examines Gert's treatment of abortion as a contemporary example of moral disagreement that he characterizes as irresolvable. [source] ON "BECOMING MORAL": PRINCIPLES AND PARTICULAR INTUITIONS IN ETHICS1PHILOSOPHICAL FORUM, Issue 4 2007MICHAEL D. GARRAL First page of article [source] MORAL AND EPISTEMIC OPEN-QUESTION ARGUMENTSANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2009CHRIS HEATHWOOD First page of article [source] Moral, Method, and History in Anne Dowriche's The French HistorieENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 2 2004Megan Matchinske In "Truth in the Telling: Moral, Method and History in Anne Dowriche's The French Historie," Megan Matchinske asks readers to consider anew early modern history's propensity to convey moral rather than evidentiary truths. Exploring the formal attributes of historical presentation as they reflect on questions of cause and accountability in Dowriche's Historie, Matchinske underscores the connection between marginalized voice and the shape and direction of historical narrative. The French Historie's polemical style, its focus on structure, trajectory and selection, insists that writers of the past, especially those lacking in power, status or appropriate gender qualification, teach and learn better when their convictions are strong and their storyline directive. Anticipating and disrupting later historico-analytical models in its attention to interpretive closure and instructional force,to "the moral at the end of the story," Dowriche's Historie reminds us of how directive history becomes when "Truth" is on our side. [source] Houses, Flowers, and Frameworks: Cavell and Mulhall on the Moral of SkepticismEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2002Edward Witherspoon First page of article [source] "Moral Panic" or Pejorative Labelling?JOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 4 2009Rethinking the Mazengarb Inquiry into Underage Sex in the Hutt Valley in 195 This article re-examines the interpretation of widespread concern over significant underage sex in the Hutt Valley, Wellington, which resulted in a government inquiry in 1954. It challenges the typical "moral panic" interpretive lens concerning the inquiry, arguing that the term obscures more than it reveals. The term focuses on reaction to the Hutt Valley affair but fails to address sufficiently the causative question of why such concern existed in the first place. The "moral panic" framing of the Hutt Valley incidents has failed to give adequate recognize that the developments were early indicators of increasing societal shifts that threatened long-held public views on sexuality; that manifest, societal, sexuality values changes in the next two decades showed that concerned people of 1954 were right within the framework of their worldview to have such concern; and that the so-called "moral panic" concern of 1954 already existed prior to the Hutt Valley disclosures. [source] Moral and Sentimental CosmopolitanismJOURNAL OF SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2009Graham Long First page of article [source] Introducing psychology as an academic discipline in France: Théodule Ribot and the Collège de France (1888,1901)JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2001Serge Nicolas maître de conférences (assistant professor), experimental psychology, teaching history of psychology This paper describes the context in which the teaching of psychology as an autonomous discipline was introduced in France, and reproduces the first psychology lecture given in France by Théodule Ribot on 9 April 1888 at The Collège de France. In France, this recognition was delayed because of the negative influence of spiritualist philosophy. It took both the acknowledged status of a man (Ribot) and a minister's decision for this new type of teaching to be accepted in France. After describing the events that took place at the Collège de France and at the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, we reproduce in full Ribot's inaugural lecture at the Collège, an important document for the history of French psychology. We conclude by describing the circumstances in which this teaching came to its end in 1901. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Collective Responsibility, Corporate Responsibility and Moral TaintMIDWEST STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2006DAVID SILVER First page of article [source] Gossip, Markets, and Gender: How Dialogue Constructs Moral Value in Post-Socialist Kilimanjaro by Tuulikki PietiläAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 2 2009ANNE S. LEWINSON No abstract is available for this article. [source] SUBJECTIVITY, JUDGMENT, AND THE BASING RELATIONSHIPPACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2009JOHN K. DAVIS Moral and legal judgments sometimes depend on personal traits in this sense: the subject offers good reasons for her judgment, but if she had a different social or ideological background, her judgment would be different. If you would judge the constitutionality of restrictions on abortion differently if you were not a secular liberal, is your judgment really based on the arguments you find convincing, or do you find them so only because you are a secular liberal? I argue that a judgment can be based on the considerations the subject claims as justification even when it depends on personal traits. [source] Book review: The Ethics of Protocells: Moral and Social Implications of Creating Life in the LaboratoryAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Juli Peretó No abstract is available for this article. [source] David Hume: Moral and Political Theorist , Russell HardinTHE PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 235 2009James A. Harris First page of article [source] Food, Morals and Meaning: The Pleasure and Anxiety of Eating.NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 2 2007Second edition [source] Blameworthiness, Vice, and The Objectivity of MoralsPACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2004Phillip Montague This thesis needs defending because it seems vulnerable to certain counterexamples. One approach to dealing with these counterexamples centers on the concept of blameworthiness, but this approach is flawed. An alternative approach is developed that relies on the concept of a vicious action. And although it too centers on the concept of blameworthiness, it lacks the flaws that are present in the original approach. [source] Rights and Morals, Issues, and Candidate Integrity: Insights into the Role of the News MediaPOLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2000David Domke In recent American political discourse, elections and debates tend to be presented by the news media as collisions of basic principles, with opposing parties advancing beliefs about what is right and what is wrong. When news coverage of an election campaign focuses on issues that emphasize rights and morals, voting behavior may be affected in two ways: Citizens become likely to form and make use of evaluations of the integrity of the candidates, and citizens become motivated to seek an issue-position "match" with candidates on those issues for which discourse is ethically charged (particularly when they hold a similar interpretation of the issue). These ideas were tested in an experiment in which labor union members and undergraduate students were presented with news stories about the contrasting positions of fictional candidates for elective office. Across three political environments, all information was held constant except for systematic alteration of a different issue in each environment. These three issues (abortion, gun control, and health care) vary in the types of value conflicts emphasized in news coverage. The results shed light on how individuals process, interpret, and use issue coverage in choosing among candidates. [source] Fundamental Rights: Between Morals and PoliticsRATIO JURIS, Issue 1 2001Gregorio Peces-Barba Martínez Starting from the impossibility of understanding fundamental rights from the standpoint of natural law doctrine or positivism, the author tackles the issue of rights from a realistic point of view, that is to say from the perspective of law and politics on the one hand, and from the perspective of public morality, on the other. Thus the foundation of fundamental rights is the meeting point of conceptions of social morality that are current in the modern world and the political aspect of the conception of pluralist democracy. Moreover, fundamental rights are considered an instrument to enable the social and moral development of human beings. [source] Soper: The Ethics of Deference: Learning from Law's MoralsTHE MODERN LAW REVIEW, Issue 5 2004Mark McBride First page of article [source] The Ideological Implications of Using "Educational" Film to Teach Controversial EventsCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 3 2009JEREMY D. STODDARD ABSTRACT Use of media in today's classrooms, from feature and documentary film to news clips streamed via the Web, has grown exponentially. Film can be a powerful medium for teaching and learning, but is often viewed as a neutral source of information. This collective case study focuses on two teachers who use documentary film to teach about controversial events, with the goal of better understanding teacher selection and use of film as part of pedagogy and the experiences of students who are engaged in deliberative activities with film. In this case, teachers utilized film to help students examine two controversial events in U.S. history, the use of atomic weapons against Japan at the end of World War II and the role of the United States in Vietnam. These cases illustrate a tension that many teachers, who want to engage students in deliberative activities but who also want students to adopt particular moral or political stances, face in today's classrooms. The teachers in these cases utilize film as a neutral source for students to use as evidence for taking a position, despite the value-laden perspectives included in the films, perspectives that aligned with the teachers' own political beliefs. Other findings include student inability to recognize the perspectives in documentary films, the epistemic stances of teachers and students that documentaries are accurate and neutral, and the characteristics of students who are better equipped to recognize ideological perspectives. Implications for teachers, teacher educators, and especially democratic and social studies education researchers are explored. [source] Drought, Domestic Budgeting and Wealth Distribution in Sahelian HouseholdsDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 5 2000Matthew Turner Over the past twenty-five years, Sahelian households have experienced recurrent harvest failure and greater reliance on remittances from migratory wage labour. Household subsistence has become less dependent on household grain stores and more on the liquidation of individual wealth stores. This study investigates how these broader changes have affected struggles between household members over obligations to support the household in the Zarmaganda region of western Niger. As the land-derived leverage of male patriarchs has declined and household dependence on individual wealth stores has increased, domestic budgeting has become more contested. Household heads make case-by-case moral claims on other household members during times of grain shortage. Women and subordinate males invoke Islamic law, which accords primary provisioning responsibility to the household head, to protect their individual wealth in times of grain deficit. This article investigates the nature of these budgetary struggles, showing how individuals' decisions to contribute individual wealth to support the household are best understood as highly situated, affected not only by the specific material conditions of the household but also the interplay of the moral, structural, and individualistic imperatives that derive from one's position within the household. Using reconstructed livestock wealth histories for the members of fifty-four households in western Niger, this study investigates the material consequences of these struggles. Male heads of corporate households, the historic managers of the household's land and agricultural labour, have lost wealth relative to their wives and married male subordinates since the drought of 1984. [source] TAXING LAND VALUE IS JUST ANOTHER QUESTIONABLE TAXECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2006Oliver Marc Hartwich There has recently been much public debate about the introduction of a land value tax. To its supporters such a tax promises to achieve several goals simultaneously. On closer inspection, however, the arguments in favour of land value taxation are not convincing. On the contrary, the economic foundations on which proponents of this tax rely are dubious, and there are significant legal, moral and practical problems with land value taxation. [source] ENDING WELFARE AS WE KNOW IT: A MODEST PROPOSALECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2002Robert W. McGee Government welfare schemes are based on a false premise, the belief that forcible redistribution can be moral if the cause is just. People forget that whatever resources government has, it first had to take from someone. Government welfare schemes violate property rights and destroy incentives. There is no way to reform such a system simply. The only just system is one of voluntary charity. The government system, which relies on force, must be abolished and replaced by private charity. [source] Material progress and the challenge of affluence in seventeenth-century EnglandECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2009PAUL SLACK In the later seventeenth century, material progress was first identified in England as a recent achievement with boundless future promise, and it was welcomed despite fears about the threats that it was perceived to present to national and personal well-being. The article investigates the roots of that confidence, and finds them in political economy and other intellectual developments that shaped interpretations of changing standards of living. The civic and moral ,challenge of affluence' was fully recognized but never resolved. Progress was accepted, and had to be defended in war-time, as the route to general happiness, ,ease', and plenty. [source] MANAGING EDUCATIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE GLOBALIZED WORLD: A DEWEYAN PERSPECTIVEEDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 4 2009Maura Striano In the globalization scenarios we currently face, educational systems are challenged by different and sometimes competing pressures and requests. These call for a deep transformation of the organization, role, and social function of educational systems. Within this context, the very concept of education has come to be understood in different ways, which sometimes distort its moral and social value. In this essay, Maura Striano contends that from a Deweyan perspective, educational transformation must be seen as strictly connected to social change, and education should be understood as a process that facilitates and supports social growth and development. In order to be effective and fruitful, Striano suggests, this transformation must occur from the inside of educational systems and can only be brought about by reflective and inquiry-based inner processes if it is to have a sound moral and social impact within the changing framework of the globalized world. That education shares in the confusion of transition, and in the demand for reorganization, is a source of encouragement and not of despair. It proves how integrally the school is bound up with the entire movement of modern life. ,John Dewey, The Educational Situation [source] Moral, Method, and History in Anne Dowriche's The French HistorieENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 2 2004Megan Matchinske In "Truth in the Telling: Moral, Method and History in Anne Dowriche's The French Historie," Megan Matchinske asks readers to consider anew early modern history's propensity to convey moral rather than evidentiary truths. Exploring the formal attributes of historical presentation as they reflect on questions of cause and accountability in Dowriche's Historie, Matchinske underscores the connection between marginalized voice and the shape and direction of historical narrative. The French Historie's polemical style, its focus on structure, trajectory and selection, insists that writers of the past, especially those lacking in power, status or appropriate gender qualification, teach and learn better when their convictions are strong and their storyline directive. Anticipating and disrupting later historico-analytical models in its attention to interpretive closure and instructional force,to "the moral at the end of the story," Dowriche's Historie reminds us of how directive history becomes when "Truth" is on our side. [source] Moral Agency, Cognitive Distortion, and Narrative Strategy in the Rehabilitation of Sexual OffendersETHOS, Issue 3 2010James B. Waldram I demonstrate that what forensic psychologists refer to as a "cognitive distortion" or "thinking error" is often embedded within a broader narrative, and that these narratives reveal the existence of identifiable strategies designed to communicate something salient, enduring, and moral about the offender. Through the examination of narratives offered by imprisoned sexual offenders, several such narrative strategies containing the seeds of moral agency are identified. It is suggested that CBT's current focus on cognitive distortions effectively eliminates this narrative context and thus serves to disguise and even eradicate the positive, moral notions of self that most offenders exhibit in some form or another. A rehabilitative approach that works with narrative, facilitating development of shared narratives among offenders and therapists, would allow for the emergence of a plan for morally agentive living, transcending what is currently possible within the hostile, challenging framework of CBT. [narrative theory; cognitive behavior therapy; moral agency; sexual offenders; prisons] [source] Growing up Charismatic: Morality and Spirituality among Children in a Religious CommunityETHOS, Issue 4 2009Thomas J. Csordas The first question has to do with the problem of how charisma can be successfully transferred to the second generation of a prophetic community. The second question has to do with how children come to be, and to act as, moral and spiritual beings. These questions converge in a particular way in the ethnographic setting of The Word of God Community: it is founded on a charismatic spirituality closely intertwined with a moral imperative, such that its viability depends on reproduction of that morality and spirituality among children of the founding generation. Data come from interviews with 38 children across three age groups (5,7, 10,12, and 15,17 years), conducted over a four-week period subsequent to a community schism, which left members in a state of reflection, self-examination, and openness. We focus on children's responses to a series of culturally specific vignettes designed to present various dilemmas of moral reasoning. In this highly charged context moral and spiritual life are based on an active engagement characterized by dynamic and contested processes, and it is through these processes that individuals make meaning out of and reconstruct the moral code of their culture. [childhood and adolescence, religion, Catholic Charismatic Renewal, Pentecostalism, morality, spirituality, intentional communities] [source] Moral prototypes and moral behavior: Specific effects on emotional precursors of moral behavior and on moral behavior by the activation of moral prototypesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2010Silvia Osswald The present studies investigated the extent to which three basic moral prototypes, "just," "brave", and "caring", are related to moral, prosocial behavior. In five studies, we tested (a) whether people would associate three basic types of moral behavior (helping behavior, moral courage, and heroism) with three moral prototypes, and (b) whether specific emotional precursors of moral behavior and moral behavior itself could be promoted by activating the respective moral prototype. As expected, Studies 1,3 revealed that people associated helping behavior with the caring prototype, moral courage with the just prototype, and heroism with the brave prototype. Studies 4 and 5 showed that the activation of the three prototypes differentially influenced emotional precursors of the three types of moral behavior (Study 4) as well as actual moral behavior (Study 5). Thus, the five studies revealed that people associate different moral behaviors with different moral prototypes and that a certain moral behavior can be activated by the priming of the related prototype. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Men Making Home: Masculinity and Domesticity in Eighteenth-Century BritainGENDER & HISTORY, Issue 3 2009Karen Harvey Eighteenth-century England is, for many scholars, the time and place where modern domesticity was invented; the point at which ,home' became a key concept sustained by new literary imaginings and new social practices. But as gendered individuals, and certainly compared to women, men are notable for their absence in accounts of the eighteenth-century domestic interior. In this essay, I examine the relationship between constructs of masculinity and meanings of home. During the eighteenth century, ,home' came to mean more than one's dwelling; it became a multi-faceted state of being, encompassing the emotional, physical, moral and spatial. Masculinity intersected with domesticity at all levels and stages in its development. The nature of men's engagements with home were understood through a model of ,oeconomy', which brought together the home and the world, primarily through men's activities. Indeed, this essay proposes that attention to how this multi-faceted eighteenth-century ,home' was made in relation to masculinity shifts our understanding of home as a private and feminine space opposed to an ,outside' and public world. [source] Mediating the Good Life: Prostitution and the Japanese Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1880s,1920sGENDER & HISTORY, Issue 1 2009Bill Mihalopoulos This article examines how the Japanese Woman's Christian Temperance Union, in the name of promoting liberty and rights of women in their relations with men, constructed hierarchies to ascribe value to themselves through moral condemnation. The JWCTU used extramarital sex as a political issue to strengthen the position of the legal wife in the household as opposed to the concubine and prostitute. Their efforts to prohibit Japanese women from going abroad as prostitutes, while understood as an attempt to end a system of slavery that violated the inherent rights of Japanese womanhood, was actually a desire to regulate the behaviour of the poor. The JWCTU based its moral reform agenda on the importance of premarital chastity, strict monogamy and the obligation to work for the good of the nation. Its construction of prostitution as evil represents an important strand in the history of the relationship between prostitution and family as a socio-political issue in modern Japan. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||