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Money
Kinds of Money Terms modified by Money Selected AbstractsTHE FACE OF MONEY: Currency, Crisis, and Remediation in Post-Suharto IndonesiaCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2009KAREN STRASSLER ABSTRACT In the period of transition following Suharto's resignation as president of Indonesia in 1998, the image of the 50,000Rp bill bearing his face became a visual shorthand for the corruption and abuse of power that had characterized his regime. Accessible, decentralized consumer technologies enabled people to alter money's appearance, transforming it from a fetish of the state into a malleable surface available for popular reinscription. As the medium of money was "remediated",absorbed into other media, refashioned, and circulated along new pathways,it became a means by which people engaged questions of state power, national integrity, political authenticity, and economic relations opened up by the crisis of Reformasi (Reform). The essay argues that remediations of public forms play a crucial role in times of political transition by enabling people to materialize alternative visions of political authority and authenticity. Moreover, remediated forms have become a characteristic modality of political communication in the post-Suharto period under conditions of democratization and an increasingly diversified media ecology. [source] DRUGS AND MONEY: MANAGING THE DRUG TRADE AND CRIME-MONEY IN EUROPEADDICTION, Issue 6 2006PIERRE KOPP No abstract is available for this article. [source] MONEY FLOWS LIKE MERCURY: THE GEOGRAPHY OF GLOBAL FINANCEGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2005Gordon L Clark ABSTRACT. If the social relations and inherited configuration of production were at the core of economic geography a decade ago, these aspects of the world are increasingly taken for granted. The global scope of industry and corporate strategy has claimed increasing attention over the past decade. And while any ,new' economic geography must have something to say about the nature of human agency and the role of institutions in structuring the landscape, care must be taken not to exaggerate their significance for constructive interaction. In point of fact, the global finance industry is an essential lens through which to study contemporary capitalism from the top-down and the bottom-up. If we are to understand the economic landscape of twenty-first century capitalism, it should be understood through global financial institutions, its social formations and investment practices. This argument is developed by reference to the recent literature on the geography of finance and a metaphor , money flows like mercury , designed to explicate the spatial and temporal logic of global capital flows. Some may dispute this argument, but in doing so they lament the passing of an era rather than advancing a convincing counterclaim about how the world is and what it might become. All this means that we have to rethink the significance of geographical scale and organizational processes as opposed to an unquestioned commitment to localities. [source] MONEY AS A MECHANISM IN A BEWLEY ECONOMY*INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2005Edward J. Green We investigate the efficiency property of a monetary economy with spot trade. We prove a conjecture that is essentially due to Bewley (Models of Monetary Economics (1980); Econometrica 51 (1983), 1485,504). The gist is that monetary spot trading is nearly efficient ex ante in an environment where very patient agents can accumulate large enough money stocks to be completely self-insured. We also study examples where a nonmonetary mechanism is preferred ex ante to any monetary mechanism in a stationary environment, and where an inflationary monetary mechanism is preferred ex ante to a laissez-faire or deflationary monetary mechanism in an environment with impatient agents. [source] A THEORY OF MONEY AND MARKETPLACES*INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2005Akihiko Matsui This article considers an infinitely repeated economy with divisible fiat money. The economy has many marketplaces that agents choose to visit. In each marketplace, agents are randomly matched to trade goods. There exist a variety of stationary equilibria. In some equilibrium, each good is traded at a single price, whereas in another, every good is traded at two different prices. There is a continuum of such equilibria, which differ from each other in price and welfare levels. However, it is shown that only the efficient single-price equilibrium is evolutionarily stable. [source] RETHINKING ENDOGENOUS MONEY: A CONSTRUCTIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE DEBATE BETWEEN HORIZONTALISTS AND STRUCTURALISTSMETROECONOMICA, Issue 4 2004Giuseppe FontanaArticle first published online: 7 OCT 200 ABSTRACT Beyond a widespread agreement on the idea that ,loans create deposits' and ,deposits make reserves', there is much controversy in the endogenous money literature over the workings of the reserve market, the credit market and the financial markets. In this paper a constructive interpretation of the debate between horizontalists and structuralists is suggested and their arguments are taken forward by showing that these controversial issues can be explained rigorously once a single-period,continuation framework is adopted. [source] INFLATION AND THE PUBLIC DEFICIT WHEN THE UTILITY OF MONEY IS INSATIABLE,THE JAPANESE ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2007ALEJANDRO RODRÍGUEZ-ARANA When the marginal utility of money is positive even at very high levels of the asset (Yoshiyasu Ono's, 1994, assumption), the relationship between inflation and the public deficit at full employment may result in a unique perverse equilibrium where higher deficits reduce inflation. If there are two equilibria, the low inflation equilibrium is one where the perverse effect between inflation and the public deficit prevails; while in the high inflation equilibrium higher public deficits increase inflation. These results contrast sharply with traditional results found in the literature. [source] EXPENDING MULTIPLICITY: MONEY IN CUBAN IFÁ CULTSTHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 2 2005Martin Holbraad Countering the assumption that money acts as an agent of abstraction and ,disembedment', anthropologists tend to draw money into analogies with other objects of exchange, downplaying its uniquely quantitative nature. This article seeks to disentangle the association, implicit in this tendency, of quantity with abstraction. Focusing on the peculiar character of money as a ,purely multiple' object, the aim is to account for ,embeddedness' without bracketing quantity: what does quantity look like when it is not viewed as an abstract denominator? The question is explored with reference to Ifá, an Afro-Cuban diviner cult that takes monetary transactions as a cosmological premise. [source] Front and Back Covers, Volume 23, Number 5.ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 5 2007Ocotober 200 Front and back covers caption, volume 23 issue 5 Front cover The front cover illustrates Julie J. Taylor's article on the outcome of the San people's court case against the Botswana government. The photo shows Roy Sesana, leader of the San organization First People of the Kalahari and chief appellant in the case, with Gordon Bennett, the San group's lawyer, at the start of the case in July 2004. In the course of the last century, the San or Bushmen of southern Africa became possibly the most studied indigenous group in the world. In addition to suffering land dispossession and violence during the colonial period, their image in the West has long been that of exotic and innocent ,Other', fuelled over time by the work of scientists, anthropologists and filmmakers among others. In recent years the San have become part of wider debates about indigeneity, poverty and development, often in relation to land rights. Many San have formed their own representative institutions and have also entered into relationships with national and international NGOs to campaign for their rights as an indigenous minority. From 2004, San claims to land in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana drew unprecedented attention in the international media, due in part to the efforts of local NGOs and the British-based advocacy group Survival International. After protracted court proceedings and much controversy, the case finally came to an end in late 2006. At first sight the outcome appeared to offer victory to San applicants, but matters in the Central Kalahari are far from resolved, raising questions about the role of advocacy groups and the fate of marginalized San groups elsewhere. Back cover (IM)PERSONAL MONEY Roboti of Giribwa Village, Trobriand Islands (above) is seen wearing the armshell Nanoula and the necklace Kasanai. Both have been circulating in the kula for at least a century and were already famous when Malinowski saw them. He was sure that these valuables were not money because they were not an impersonal medium of exchange, but Marcel Mauss, in a long footnote to The gift, wrote: ,On this reasoning there has only been money when precious things have been really made into currency , namely have been inscribed and impersonalised, and detached from any relationship with any legal entity, whether collective or individual, other than the state that mints them, One only defines in this way a second type of money , our own.' This exchange was in some ways the high point of economic anthropology. The world of national currencies issued and controlled by states and banks must now come to terms with innumerable virtual instruments such as those seen flashing on the screens of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (below). But, as the current ,sub-prime mortgage' crisis shows, these anonymous money instruments are still closely linked to personal credit. The challenge facing anthropologists today is to renew the legacy of Mauss and Malinowski in ways that illuminate such matters of universal practical concern. In this issue, Keith Hart argues that money, like society itself, is and always has been both personal and impersonal. A pragmatic anthropology should aim to show that the numbers on people's financial statements constitute a way of summarizing their relations with society at a given time. The next step is to explain how these numbers might serve in building a viable personal economy. When we are able to take responsibility for our own economic actions, we will understand better the social forces impinging on our lives. Then it will become more obvious how and why ruling institutions need to be reformed for all our sakes. [source] MODELLING DEMAND FOR BROAD MONEY IN AUSTRALIA,AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 1 2005ABBAS VALADKHANIArticle first published online: 21 FEB 200 The existence of a valid long-run money demand function is still important for the conduct of monetary policy. It is argued that previous work on the demand for money in Australia has not been very satisfactory in a number of ways. This paper examines the long- and short-run determinants of the demand for broad money employing the Johansen cointegration technique. Using quarterly data for the period 1976:3,2002:2, this paper finds, inter alia, that the demand for broad money is cointegrated with real income, the rate of return on 10-year Treasury bonds, the cash rate and inflation. It appears that a disequilibrium in the demand for money can affect the efficacy of interest rate policy in the long run via its impact on future output growth and output gap. [source] [Commentary] LEGITIMIZING ,THE MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION OF MONEY'ADDICTION, Issue 9 2009HENDRIK G. ROOZEN No abstract is available for this article. [source] Fluid Labor and Blood Money: The Economy of HIV/AIDS in Rural Central ChinaCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 4 2006SHAO Jing This ethnographically grounded "epidemiology" implicates China's liberalized economy in the HIV epidemic among commercial plasma donors in rural central China. It uncovers the pathological confluence of spheres of economic circulations that have created the conditions for value to be extracted not through labor but from human plasma harvested from agricultural producers. This critique has emerged out of, and in turn informed, efforts to forestall the secondary epidemic of AIDS among donors already infected by HIV. The specific history of the production and consumption of blood products in China shows how biotechnology broadly defined can be powerfully refracted by local configurations of economy, technology, and social relations. The ideologically sustained second-order "reality" of benevolent economic imperatives needs to be brought into the critical focus of cultural anthropology. [source] Hunting for the Virgin: Meat, Money, and Memory in Tetiz, YucatánCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Paul K. Eiss First page of article [source] Tourism, Charity, and Profit: The Movement of Money in Moroccan Jewish PilgrimageCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Oren Kosansky First page of article [source] Women and Money: Lessons from SenegalDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2006Isabelle Guérin This article examines the complexity and diversity of women's informal financial practices using data from surveys conducted in Senegal. It suggests that these practices are at the centre of a constant dialectic between short-term and long-term horizons, between the requirements of daily survival and the demands of community solidarity, and between personal aspirations and collective constraints. These practices also clearly illustrate a desire among the women in Senegal to impose a form of financial self-discipline, and to create situations that will oblige them to earn income. The socio-economic diversity among these entrepreneurs is also underscored. Informal financial arrangements are both a product and producer of gender inequalities and inequalities among women, as reflected in the research. This has direct policy implications, especially for microfinance products. If they are to be effective, microfinance services must develop beyond a standard, one-size fits all model and become more innovative and adaptable to the diverse demands of women. They must be combined with complementary measures that challenge the systemic causes of inequality. Microfinance programmes should draw on informal financial arrangements while challenging their tendency to perpetuate inequality. [source] Entrepreneurship, Money and Coordination: Hayek's Theory of Cultural Evolution.ECONOMICA, Issue 301 2009By JURGEN G. BACKHAUS No abstract is available for this article. [source] Monetary Economics: An Integrated Approach to Credit, Money, Income, Production and Wealth.ECONOMICA, Issue 300 2008By WYNNE GODLEY, MARC LAVOIE No abstract is available for this article. [source] Targeting Inflation with a Role for MoneyECONOMICA, Issue 288 2005Ulf Söderström This paper demonstrates how a target for money growth can be beneficial for an inflation-targeting central bank acting under discretion. Because the growth rate of money is closely related to the change in the interest rate and the growth of real output, delegating a money growth target to the central bank makes discretionary policy more inertial, leading to better social outcomes. This delegation scheme is also compared with other schemes suggested in the literature. The results indicate that stabilizing money growth around a target can be a sensible strategy for monetary policy, although other delegation schemes are often more efficient. [source] What Do Teens Want to Know About Money,A Comparison of 1998 and 2008FAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 4 2010Karen P. Varcoe Research indicates that the financial literacy of U.S. teens is low, yet they have access to and spend a great deal of money each year. Teens were surveyed in 1998 (N = 323) and again in 2008 (N = 558) to determine what teens wanted to know about money and how they wanted to learn. Data were collected regarding teens' sources of income, why money was important, the types of financial information they would like to learn, and how they would like to learn from seven counties in California,Alameda, Kern, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, and Santa Barbara. The findings indicate that teens are still interested in learning about many of the same financial topics identified in 1998, but their desire for web education has increased. These data can be used to develop programs that will interest teens. [source] Money: A Therapeutic Tool for Couples TherapyFAMILY PROCESS, Issue 3 2007MARGARET SHAPIRO L.C.S.W. This article addresses the therapeutic importance of discussing money at every stage of a couple's relationship, both as a concrete reality and as a metaphor for security, adequacy, competence, commitment, acceptance, and acknowledgment in a relationship. I will present a developmental schema looking at financial issues that couples confront at various stages in the adult life cycle and how these affect and reflect relationship problems. The article also presents a money questionnaire as a useful tool for exploring family-of-origin financial history, affect, and behavior. [source] More Peace for Less Money: Measurement and Accountability in the Swedish Armed ForcesFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2005Bino Catasús Studies of measurement and accountability are leading public sector transformation. By examining military work, this paper addresses the relationship between measurements and accountability by highlighting the measurements. Evidence was gathered from documents, political statements and field research. Several layers of accountability systems were found in the organisation. The principal can be the weak link in an accountability relationship if the measurement agenda is in the hands of the agent. The problems seem to go beyond performance and output, and a more fundamental question is challenging the public sector: `Are we doing the right things?' Or an even more dramatic existential question arises: `Why do we exist?' [source] Long-Run Links among Money, Prices and Output: Worldwide EvidenceGERMAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Helmut Herwartz Quantity theory of money; P-star; panel cointegration analysis. Abstract. Starting from the quantity theory of money we analyse the dynamic relationships between money, real output and prices for an unbalanced panel of 110 economies. Complementary to trivariate analyses we also adopt a P-star model explaining inflation via an equilibrium price level (P-star), which in turn depends on potential output and money. A key issue of the paper is the cross-sectional stability of estimation and inference results. We find cointegration among the considered variables. Particularly for high inflation countries homogeneity between prices and money cannot be rejected. Given homogeneity we find evidence for an error-correction mechanism linking current price changes and the lagged price gap. Parameter estimates indicating the adjustment towards the price equilibrium are larger in absolute value for high inflation countries. The latter results indicate that central banks, even in high inflation countries, can improve price stability by controlling monetary growth. [source] Show Us the Money: Lessons in Transparency from State Pharmaceutical Marketing Disclosure LawsHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010Susan Chimonas Objective. To assess legislation requiring drug companies to report gifts to providers, and to evaluate the information obtained. Data Sources. Data included legislation in Vermont, Minnesota, Maine, Massachusetts, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia, and company disclosure data from Vermont. Study Design. We evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of state legislation. We also analyzed 4 years of company disclosures from Vermont, assessing the value and distribution of industry,provider exchanges and identifying emerging trends in companies' practices. Data Collection Methods. State legislation is publically available. We obtained Vermont's data through requests to the state's Attorney General's office. Principal Findings. Of the state laws, only Vermont's yielded robust, publically available data. These data show gifting was dominated by a few major corporations, and <2 percent of Vermont's prescribers received 69 percent of gifts and payments. Companies were especially generous to specialists in psychiatry, endocrinology/diabetes/metabolism, internal medicine, and neurology. Companies increasingly used loopholes in the law to avoid public scrutiny. Conclusions. Disclosure laws are an important first step in bringing greater transparency to physician,industry relationships. But flaws and weaknesses limit the states' ability to render physician,industry exchanges fully transparent. Future efforts should build on these lessons to render physician,industry relationships fully transparent. [source] Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy: Financing the Vatican, 1850,1950 By John F. PollardHISTORY, Issue 303 2006NICK CARTER No abstract is available for this article. [source] Monetary Policy in a World Without MoneyINTERNATIONAL FINANCE, Issue 2 2000Michael Woodford This paper considers whether the development of ,electronic money' poses any threat to the ability of central banks to control the value of their national currencies through conventional monetary policy. It argues that, even if the demand for base money for use in facilitating transactions is largely or even completely eliminated, monetary policy should continue to be effective. Macroeconomic stabilization depends only upon the ability of central banks to control a short-term nominal interest rate, and this would continue to be possible, in particular through the use of a ,channel' system for the implementation of policy, like those currently used in Canada, Australia and New Zealand. [source] Demand for cash balances in a cashless economyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC THEORY, Issue 3 2009Richard Dusansky D11; D91; E41 We study the demand for cash balances in the year 2050, when people exclusively use debit cards for all transactions. Money no longer serves as a medium of exchange. However, money still retains its roles as unit of account, numeraire and store of value. We capture these roles in a multi-period model with intertemporal uncertainty regarding prices and the interest rate on bonds, the alternative asset. A key result of our analysis is that the standard negative relationship between money demand and the bond interest rate is seen to be part of a larger economic reality encompassing a broader range of empirically testable implications, including the possibility that the relationship may be positive. We develop formal structural restrictions under which the positive relationship between cash balance demand and the bond interest rate is not only a possible outcome, but an explicit prediction of the model. [source] Money and finance on the periphery of the International dollar standardINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE & ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2002Ronald I. McKinnon First page of article [source] How Americans Think About Trade: Reconciling Conflicts Among Money, Power, and PrinciplesINTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2001Richard K. Herrmann Trade has again emerged as a controversial issue in America, yet we know little about the ideas that guide American thinking on these questions. By combining traditional survey methods with experimental manipulation of problem content, this study explores the ideational landscape among elite Americans and pays particular attention to how elite Americans combine their ideas about commerce with their ideas about national security and social justice. We find that most American leaders think like intuitive neoclassical economists and that only a minority think along intuitive neorealist or Rawlsian lines. Among the mass public, in contrast, a majority make judgments like intuitive neorealists and intuitive Rawlsians. Although elite respondents see international institutions as promising vehicles in principle, in practice they favor exploiting America's advantage in bilateral bargaining power over granting authority to the World Trade Organization. The distribution of these ideas in America is not arrayed neatly along traditional ideological divisions. To understand the ideational landscape, it is necessary to identify how distinctive mentaal models,mercantilist, neorealist, egalitarian, and neoclassical economic,sensitize or desensitize people to particular aspects of geopolitical problems, an approach we call cognitive interactionism. [source] Money with a Mean Streak?INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2001Foreign Economic Penetration, Government Respect for Human Rights in Developing Countries This study examines the relationship between foreign economic capital and the level of government respect for two types of human rights in developing countries. Two opposing schools of thought offer explanations as to what this relationship might be like. According to the liberal neoclassical school, the acceptance of liberal economic doctrine will provide positive political benefits to developing countries. The "dependency" school, on the other hand, argues that because ties between core and periphery elites give governments in developing nations an incentive to repress, human rights conditions will worsen as foreign economic penetration increases. The results of previous empirical queries into this matter have been mixed. In contrast to most studies, we focus on a broader measure of foreign economic capital, including foreign direct investment, portfolio investment, debt, and official development assistance. Using ordered logit analysis on a cross-national sample of forty-three developing countries from 1981 to 1995, we discover systematic evidence of an association between foreign economic penetration and government respect for two types of human rights, physical integrity rights and political rights and civil liberties. Of particular interest is the finding that both foreign direct investment and portfolio investment are reliably associated with increased government respect for human rights. [source] Money Is What Central Bankers Make of ItINTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2010J. Samuel Barkin No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||