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Mouth Syndrome (mouth + syndrome)
Kinds of Mouth Syndrome Selected AbstractsContribution of neuroinflammation in burning mouth syndrome: indications from benzodiazepine useDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 2008Fabrizio Guarneri ABSTRACT: Characterized by burning and painful oral sensations in absence of clinically significant mucosal abnormalities, the burning mouth syndrome is, despite numerous researches made, basically idiopathic and, consequently, difficult to treat effectively. Therapy with tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines has been proposed, although the exact pathomechanism is not clear. The objective of this study is to define the possible reasons for the efficacy of benzodiazepines in the treatment of the burning mouth syndrome. Starting from the report of eight cases successfully treated with prazepam, the present authors examined the clinical features and the evidence from literature that support the possibility of a role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of the burning mouth syndrome. Available data suggest that the nervous system could be crucial in the pathogenesis of the syndrome (altered perception of pain, disturbance of neural transmission, increased excitability, negative involvement of trigeminal-vascular system), and the present authors' experience lets them suppose a role for neuroinflammation. This hypothesis could also explain the positive response to benzodiazepines in some patients. The important role of neuroinflammation in dermatologic and oral diseases has been only recently investigated and acknowledged. Further studies on the connection between neuroinflammation and burning mouth syndrome could open interesting perspectives in the understanding and management of this difficult clinical condition. [source] Patients with head and neck cancer cured by radiation therapy: A survey of the dry mouth syndrome in long-term survivorsHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 8 2002Oda B. Wijers MD Abstract Background Xerostomia can have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients treated by radiation therapy (RT) for cancer in the head and neck. The first aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of xerostomia in 39 long-term survivors treated between 1965,1995 by conventional two-dimensional radiation therapy and currently without evidence of disease. The second aim was to develop a concise instrument to evaluate the subjective aspects of xerostomia. Methods A newly developed questionnaire and a visual analog scale (VAS) were used in analyzing the degree of dry mouth and xerostomia-related problems. The radiation dose received by the major salivary glands was estimated by analyzing two-dimensional simulation films. Results Sixty-four percent of the patients experienced a moderate to severe degree of xerostomia. In the multivariate analysis, three questions regarding dry mouth, eating, and speech were particularly discriminatory for establishing the degree of xerostomia as expressed by the VAS score. Conclusions In this survey, 64% of the long-term survivors, after treatment by conventional two-dimensional radiation therapy for a malignancy in the head and neck region, still experienced a moderate to severe degree of permanent xerostomia. A simplified instrument to evaluate xerostomia subjectively can consist of the VAS score and three graded questions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 737,747, 2002 [source] The Influence of Gender and Sex Steroids on Craniofacial NociceptionHEADACHE, Issue 2 2007Brian E. Cairns PhD Several pain conditions localized to the craniofacial region show a remarkable sex-related difference in their prevalence. These conditions include temporomandibular disorders and burning mouth syndrome as well as tension-type, migraine, and cluster headaches. The mechanisms that underlie sex-related differences in the prevalence of these craniofacial pain conditions remain obscure and likely involve both physiological and psychosocial factors. In terms of physiological factors relevant to the development of headache, direct evidence of sex-related differences in the properties of dural afferent fibers or durally activated second-order trigeminal sensory neurons has yet to be provided. There is, however, evidence for sex-related differences in the response properties of afferent fibers and second-order trigeminal sensory neurons that convey nociceptive input from other craniofacial tissues associated with sex-related differences in chronic pain conditions, such as those that innervate the masseter muscle and temporomandibular joint. Further, modulation of craniofacial nociceptive input by opioidergic receptor mechanisms appears to be dependent on biological sex. Research into mechanisms that may contribute to sex-related differences in trigeminal nociceptive processing has primarily focused on effect of the female sex hormone estrogen, which appears to alter the excitability of trigeminal afferent fibers and sensory neurons to noxious stimulation of craniofacial tissues. This article discusses current knowledge of potential physiological mechanisms that could contribute to sex-related differences in certain craniofacial pain conditions. [source] Zinc deficiency may be a cause of burning mouth syndrome as zinc replacement therapy has therapeutic effectsJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 9 2010Gye Song Cho J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 722,727 Background:, Zinc is known to play an important role for growth and development, the immune response, neurological function, and reproduction. Although the etiology of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is unknown, zinc deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of BMS. The aim of this study was to demonstrate a causal relationship between zinc deficiency and BMS and to assess whether zinc replacement is an effective therapy for BMS. Methods:, Serum zinc level was evaluated in 276 patients with BMS. To assess the therapeutic effect of zinc replacement, patients with zinc deficiency were administered a zinc supplement (14.1 mg/day). Pain intensity 6 months after zinc replacement was evaluated using an 11-point numerical scale. We also developed an animal model of zinc deficiency to assess the effects of zinc deficiency on the oral mucosa. Results:, Of the 276 patients with BMS, 74 (26.8%) had low serum zinc levels. Zinc replacement therapy lowered the mean numerical pain scale in these patients from 8.1 to 4.1, compared with a mean decrease from 7.7 to 6.7 in a control group (P = 0.004). In our animal model of zinc deficiency, the main pathologic findings were hyperkeratinization and increased mitosis on the dorsum of the tongue, although there were no gross oral mucosal lesions. Conclusions:, Zinc deficiency might play a role in some patients with BMS. In such patients, appropriate zinc replacement therapy is effective in relieving symptoms. [source] Alpha lipoic acid in burning mouth syndrome , a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trialJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 3 2009Desirée Rosa Cavalcanti The burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition characterized by oral burning pain in the absence of clinical abnormalities and without established therapy. Objectives:, The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) in the management of BMS symptoms through a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Methods:, Thirty-eight patients (34 women and four men, median age 62.9 years, range 36,78) were included and 31 completed the study. The patients were randomized into two cycles of treatment: one with alpha lipoic acid and one with placebo both administered in identical capsules. These cycles were separated by a washout period of 20 days. The oral symptoms and the treatment response were assessed using a 100-mm visual analog scale before and after each cycle and the global perceived effect score, using a 5-point scale after each treatment cycle. Results:, The level of reduction on burning was significant for both treatments (paired t -test: P < 0.05; rp = 0.011; ral < 0.001). Considering the two cycles together, 22 patients reported at least some improvement after ALA use and 23 patients after placebo. Conclusions:, Comparison of the oral assessment scores of the two cycles failed to demonstrate the effectiveness of ALA over placebo (t -test: P > 0.05; r = 0.75). [source] Palliative effect of lafutidine on oral burning sensationJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 3 2009M. Toida Background:, Lafutidine is a unique histamine H2 -receptor antagonist (H2RA) that has a sensitizing effect on capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons (CSAN). This effect may make lafutidine useful for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Methods:, To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lafutidine in patients with oral burning sensation, a randomized controlled trial was performed. Patients who had been receiving other H2RAs with no sensitizing effect on CSAN were randomly assigned to receive lafutidine 10 mg twice daily for 12 weeks, instead of the previous H2RAs, plus gargling with azulene sulfonate sodium (ASS) (lafutidine group, n = 36) or to continue to receive the previous H2RAs plus ASS gargling (control group, n = 35). The intensity of burning sensation was scored by means of a visual analog scale (VAS). Results:, Thirty-four patients in the lafutidine group and 30 in the control group completed the study. In the lafutidine group, the rate of improvement in the VAS score as compared with the baseline value was significant after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). The improvement rate was consistently higher in the lafutidine group than in the control group; the differences between the groups were significant (P < 0.05) after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. Only two mild abdominal adverse events occurred in the lafutidine group, but neither required the termination of treatment. Conclusion:, Oral lafutidine is very safe and effective for reducing the intensity of oral burning sensation and may therefore be a viable option for the treatment of BMS. [source] Quality of life in patients with burning mouth syndromeJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 7 2008Pía López-Jornet Objective:, To study the quality of life in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS), our primary aim was to compare BMS patients with healthy controls and the secondary aim was to compare subgroups of BMS patients on the type of therapy received; using the Medical Outcome Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) as measurement instruments. Method:, Sixty consecutive patients (10 males and 50 females) with BMS were studied in the Department of Oral Medicine (Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Spain), while 60 healthy patients were used as controls. The Spanish version of the SF-36 was used to evaluate general quality of life, together with the OHIP-49 in its Spanish version. Results:, Regarding general quality of life as assessed with the SF-36, and on comparing the BMS vs. the control groups, lower scores were obtained in the former in all domains (P < 0.001). The OHIP-49 in turn yielded significant differences in each of the domains vs. the controls. No significant differences were found between the patients with BMS in any domain regarding parafunctional habits and the presence of dentures. In relation to the different treatments, significant differences were recorded in functional limitation (P = 0.02) and physical pain (P = 0.033). Conclusion:, Patients with BMS yield poorer scores on all scales vs. the healthy controls when applying the SF-36 and OHIP-49. [source] Causative or precipitating aspects of burning mouth syndrome: a case,control studyJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 8 2006Andrea Sardella Background:, On causative or precipitating causes of burning mouth syndrome (BMS), there is a lack of consensus. In this prospective case,control study, we compared clinical features and laboratory aspects to evaluate the association of the proposed causative/precipitating factors of BMS. Methods:, A total of 61 BMS patients and 54 control subjects underwent several evaluations: rest and stimulated salivary flow rates measurements, laboratory tests, isolation of Candida species, assessment of parafunctional activities, detection of anxiety and depression by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated to compare the variables. Results:, No statistically significant differences were found with regard to the tested variables except for anxiety and depression. Conclusions:, The results of this study seem not to support a role for the usually reported causative or precipitating factors of BMS and efforts should be addressed towards different aetiologies including possible neuropathic mechanisms of BMS. [source] Burning mouth syndrome: the role of contact hypersensitivityORAL DISEASES, Issue 4 2009R Marino Background:, Burning mouth syndrome is a burning sensation or stinging disorder affecting the oral mucosa in the absence of any clinical signs or mucosal lesions. Some studies have suggested that burning mouth syndrome could be caused by the metals used in dental prostheses, as well as by acrylate monomers, additives and flavouring agents, although others have not found any aetiologic role for hypersensitivity to dental materials. Objective:, To evaluate the extent and severity of adverse reactions to dental materials in a group of patients with burning mouth syndrome, and investigate the possible role of contact allergy in its pathogenesis. Materials and methods:, We prospectively studied 124 consecutive patients with burning mouth syndrome (108 males; mean age 57 years, range 41,83), all of whom underwent allergen patch testing between 2004 and 2007. Results:, Sixteen patients (13%) showed positive patch test reactions and were classified as having burning mouth syndrome type 3 or secondary burning mouth syndrome (Lamey's and Scala's classifications). Conclusion:, Although we did not find any significant association between the patients and positive patch test reactions, it would be advisable to include hypersensitivity to dental components when evaluating patients experiencing intermittent oral burning without any clinical signs. [source] Scope of practice, referral patterns and lesion occurrence of an oral medicine service in AustraliaORAL DISEASES, Issue 4 2008CS Farah Aim:, The purpose of this study was to examine the scope of practice, lesion occurrence and utilisation of referral-based hospital and private practice oral medicine and oral pathology (OMP) services in Australia. Materials and methods:, Clinical records of patients referred to a hospital (n=500) and private (nbequals;1104) OMP clinic were audited. For each patient, the following parameters were recorded: age, gender, source of referral, reason for referral, site of lesion/condition if applicable, medical and drug history, diagnostic services utilised, clinical and histopathological diagnoses rendered, medications prescribed and further treatment required. Results:, A majority of the referrals were generated by general dental practitioners. The most commonly seen problems were epithelial hyperplasia/hyperkeratosis, oral candidosis, oral lichen planus, xerostomia, recurrent aphthous ulcers and burning mouth syndrome. OMP specialists requested diagnostic imaging for 13% of hospital and 9.42% of private patients, diagnostic biopsies were required for 18.4% of hospital and 19.3% of private patients, blood tests were ordered for 14.4% of hospital and 12.13% of private patients, while medications were prescribed for approximately 36% of hospital and 51% of private patients. Conclusions:, This study is the first to detail the scope of practice, lesion occurrence and utilisation of services offered by OMP specialists in Australia. The demand for OMP services is strong. [source] Salivary interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor- , in patients with burning mouth syndromeORAL DISEASES, Issue 3 2006Boras Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by burning symptoms on the clinically healthy oral mucosa. To date, etiology of BMS is still unknown. We hypothesized that maybe inflammation which is not clinically apparent might lead to burning symptoms which would then result in altered cytokine profile. In the 28 female patients with BMS (age range 48,80 years, mean 64.05 years) and 28 female controls (age range 40,75 years, mean 63.82 years) by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- , (TNF- ,) levels were determined. Statistical analysis included use of independent sample t -test and P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Our results show no significant differences between patients and controls regarding salivary IL-6 and TNF- ,. [source] Burning mouth syndrome: a retrospective study investigating spontaneous remission and response to treatmentsORAL DISEASES, Issue 2 2006A Sardella Objective:, The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the spontaneous remission rate of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) in a group of subjects suffering from this syndrome. Subjects and Methods:, The medical records of BMS patients attending the Unit of Oral Medicine (1995,2002) were reviewed. The patients with a follow-up period of at least 18 months were then contacted over phone and interviewed using a structured ad hoc questionnaire to record their current symptoms and data about their treatment responses to the therapies. Results:, Forty-eight women and five men with a mean age of 67.7 years (range 33,82 years) were included in the study (mean duration of BMS 5.5 years, s.d. ±1.9 years, mean follow-up period of 56 months). As a consequence of different treatments, 26 patients (49.0%) reported no change in oral symptoms, 15 (28.3%) moderate improvement and 10 (18.9%) a worsening of oral complaints. Only two patients (3.7%) reported a complete spontaneous remission of oral symptoms without any treatment. Conclusions:, In this study, a complete spontaneous remission was observed in 3% of the patients within 5 years after the onset of BMS. A moderate improvement was obtained in <30% of the subjects. [source] Burning mouth syndrome: Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatmentAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Neil W Savage SUMMARY Burning mouth syndrome is an oral dysaesthesia presenting as a burning sensation of the tongue and less frequently other oral and peri-oral sites. There may be other coincident symptoms and signs, but the defining feature is the absence of any obvious organic cause. Because of this the condition frequently remains unrecognized for extended periods with a variable progression of symptoms. The current paper describes the complex presentation of burning mouth syndrome with the major aim of increasing recognition. [source] Separating oral burning from burning mouth syndrome: unravelling a diagnostic enigmaAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009R Balasubramaniam Abstract Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by burning pain in the tongue or other oral mucous membrane often associated with symptoms such as subjective dryness of the mouth, paraesthesia and altered taste for which no medical or dental cause can be found. The difficulty in diagnosing BMS lies in excluding known causes of oral burning. A pragmatic approach in clarifying this issue is to divide patients into either primary (essential/idiopathic) BMS, whereby other disease is not evident or secondary BMS, where oral burning is explained by a clinical abnormality. The purpose of this article was to provide the practitioner with an understanding of the local, systemic and psychosocial factors which may be responsible for oral burning associated with secondary BMS, therefore providing a foundation for diagnosing primary BMS. [source] Comparison of treatment modalities in burning mouth syndromeAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009KE Barker Abstract Background:, Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a spontaneous burning pain in the oral mucosa without known organic cause or standardized treatment. The aims of this study were to assess and compare the efficacy of clonazepam and diazepam in relieving the symptoms associated with BMS and evaluate for which patients this treatment might be effective by correlating treatment efficacy with underlying psychological status. Methods:, The medical records of BMS patients attending an oral medicine private practice (1999,2004) were reviewed. The patients were then contacted and asked to complete a short questionnaire regarding their response to diazepam/clonazepam drug therapies. A second group of patients attending the above clinic (n = 30) were asked to fill out a hospital anxiety and depression assessment form in an attempt to correlate treatment success with underlying psychological status. Results: A total of 71.4 per cent of patients treated with clonazepam had partial or complete resolution of their oral symptoms, while 55.1 per cent of patients treated with diazepam had improvement of their oral symptoms. There was no correlation between underlying anxiety or depression and efficacy of benzodiazepine medication. Conclusions:, A greater percentage of patients taking clonazepam reported either partial or complete relief of symptoms compared to diazepam. However, the differences were not statistically significant. There was no correlation found between underlying psychopathology and treatment success with benzodiazepines. [source] Continuing professional development self-assessment quiz: Comparison of treatment modalities in burning mouth syndromeAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009Article first published online: 24 NOV 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Burning mouth syndrome and psychological disordersAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009LM Abetz Abstract Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an oral dysaesthesia that causes chronic orofacial pain in the absence of a detectable organic cause. The aetiology of BMS is complex and multifactorial, and has been associated in the literature with menopause, trigger events and even genetic polymorphisms. Other studies have found evidence for mechanisms such as central and peripheral nervous system changes, with clinical and laboratory investigations supporting a neuropathologic cause. These physiological explanations notwithstanding, there is still much evidence that BMS aetiology has at least some psychological elements. Somatoform pain disorder has been suggested as a mechanism and factors such as personality, stress, anxiety, depression and other psychological, psychosocial and even psychiatric disorders play a demonstrable role in BMS aetiology and symptomatology. In order to treat BMS patients, both physiological and psychological factors must be managed, but patient acceptance of possible components of psychological disease basis is a major hurdle. Clinical signs of patient stress, anxiety or depression are a useful reinforcement of clinical discussions. The current paper proposes a number of clinical signs that may be useful for both clinical assessment and subsequent patient discussions by providing visible supportive evidence of the diagnosis. [source] Continuing professional development self-assessment quiz: Burning mouth syndrome and psychological disordersAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009Article first published online: 21 MAY 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||