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Minimum Interval (minimum + interval)
Selected AbstractsResponse of Daphnia magna to pulsed exposures of chlorpyrifos,ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2000Rami B. Naddy Abstract Because aquatic organisms can be exposed to contaminants in an episodic manner, it is necessary to determine whether standard toxicity tests adequately simulate the toxicity of short-lived compounds, such as the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF). We conducted experiments to evaluate the effect of binary combinations of concentration, duration, and interval of CPF exposures to Daphnia magna. Organisms were monitored for changes in survival and/or reproduction after pulsed exposure to CPF at 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ,g/L. The exposure duration resulting in a 50% response in survival was 6.5 h at 1.0 ,g/L, 12.2 h at 0.5 ,g/L, and 48 h at 0.25 ,g/L. Daphnids exposed to two 12-h pulses of CPF at 0.5 ,g/L responded similarly (,85% mortality) regardless of the pulse interval (0, 3, 7, 14 d). However, daphnids were able to survive a 12-h exposure of CPF at 0.5 ,g/L if the exposure regime was separated into two 6-h pulses with a minimum interval of 3 d. Further experiments suggested that the interval studies may have been potentially confounded, because organisms exposed on day 3, 7, or 14 seemed more sensitive than those exposed as neonates. Additionally, no latent effects were measured for daphnids that survived the initial exposure. [source] Advanced dental maturity in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2000Arto Lehtinen The subjects of the investigation comprised 95 girls and 73 boys with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and 102 girls and 66 boys representing healthy controls, all with a chronological age from 6.3 to 14.4 yr. The dental development was assessed from panoramic radiographs using a seven-tooth model. The radiographs were evaluated on three separate occasions with a minimum interval of one month in a randomized order, and blind with respect to absence or presence of JRA. In both JRA patients and healthy controls, dental maturity was ahead of chronological age. In addition, dental maturity was significantly advanced in JRA patients with 0.26 yr in girls and 0.28 yr in boys. It is tentatively suggested that the advanced dental development in JRA patients compared with healthy children was partly an effect of treatment with cortisone, while the influence of the disorder per se remains to be elucidated. [source] Repeatability of measurements of the initial distribution volume of glucose in haemodynamically stable patientsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 4 2004B. O. Rose MD Summary Aims:, The initial distribution volume of glucose (IDVG) has been proposed to provide a useful tool to estimate the central extracellular fluid volume. The purpose of this study was to determine the repetition interval of two consecutive measurements in haemodynamically stable patients without presence of recent changes in fluid status. Methods:, Twenty-nine patients admitted to the general intensive care unit of the University of Hirosaki Hospital were entered into this study. After achieving a haemodynamically stable state in each patient regardless of an infusion of vasoactive drugs, two glucose challenges at an interval of either 30 or 60 min, were carried out to calculate the IDVG. The IDVG was calculated using a one-compartment model after intravenous administration of glucose (5 g) followed by serial arterial blood sampling. Results:, Although plasma glucose levels immediately before the second glucose challenge in either group were increased compared with those of the first challenge (P < 0·001, respectively), the bias of the IDVG measurements was 0·08 ± 0·32 L (SD) for the 30-min group and ,0·19 ± 0·28 L for the 60-min group. Conclusions:, Our results indicate that IDVG determinations can be reliably repeated within a minimum interval of 30 min. [source] Complications and myoma recurrence after laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion for symptomatic myomasJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2006Zdenek Holub Abstract Aim:, To determine the frequency and severity of complications and the recurrence of fibroids as a result of laparoscopic occlusion of the uterine artery (LOUA) in women with symptomatic fibroids. Methods:, One hundred and fourteen women with symptomatic fibroids were treated using ultrasonically activated shears, clips or electrosurgery. A retrospective evaluation of the complications and recurrence rate was carried out. For each patient, the analysis took place at least 3 months after the procedure was performed. Each complication was categorized using the complication classifications developed by the Czech Society of Gynecologic Endoscopy and a modified set of the classifications of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. All adverse events that occurred during the follow-up period were included, in addition to those that occurred after the 3 months minimum interval. Results:, A total of eight women (7.1%, 95% confidence intervals [CI], 3.3,14.4) experienced complications; one of these women had two complications, resulting in a total of nine adverse events. There were no intraoperative complications and no permanent injuries. Two women required supracervical hysterectomy and myomectomy, respectively, as a result of fibroid necrosis. One patient had an undiagnosed endometrial stromal sarcoma after 12 months of LOUA. The rate of fibroid recurrence was 9.0% (10 patients). The recurrence-free survival interval rate (no clinical failure, no recurrence) at 23.6 months (median) follow-up was 88.3% (CI 84.9,93.5). Conclusion:, The rate of complications and fibroid recurrence was low in patients undergoing LOUA. [source] | ||||||||||