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Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

Role of Manual Compression Time and Bed Rest Duration on the Occurrence of Femoral Bleeding Complications After Sheath Retrieval Following 4Fr Left-Sided Cardiac Catheterization

JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 1 2001
VÉRONIQUE THORÉ R.N.
To shorten hospital stay or to allow ambulatory procedures, 4Fr catheters for left-sided cardiac catheterization can be used. These latter parameters may also be influenced by compression time and bed rest duration. The role of these parameters was assessed by prospectively including 130 consecutive patients who underwent 4Fr femoral diagnostic procedures. The patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 consisted of 70 patients undergoing 5-minute compression and group 2 consisted of 60 patients with 15-minute compression. In each group, a second randomization was applied to determine the bed rest duration (2,4 hours). More group 1 patients experienced immediate bleeding following manual compression than group 2 patients (12 [17%] vs 3 [5%], P < 0.03, respectively). Compared to group 2, a slight but nonsignificant increase in the total number of hematomas was observed in group 1 (31 vs 22%, NS). No difference existed in terms of local large hematomas at 24 hours (7% in each group) or in terms of benign 10 cm diffuse subcutaneous ecchymosis at 7-day follow-up (13 [19%] group 1 patients vs 8 [13%] group 2 patients, NS). However, persistence of diffuse subcutaneous ecchymosis at 7-day follow-up appeared to be related to the history of immediate bleeding following manual compression in both groups (group 1: 5/13 vs 7/57 patients [P < 0.04] and group 2: 3/8 vs 0/52 patients [P < 0.002]). In conclusion, 4Fr femoral left-sided cardiac catheterization is safe and could be performed as an ambulatory procedure. However, it requires 15-minute duration of manual compression associated with 2-hour bed rest to decrease local bleeding complications. (J Interven Cardiol 2001;14:7,10) [source]

Development of a structured generic drug intervention model for public health purposes: a brief application of motivational interviewing with young people

DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 4 2003
JIM MCCAMBRIDGE
Abstract Brief applications of Motivational Interviewing (MI) emerged around 15 years ago to target problematic alcohol and other drug use. Interventions which specifically target illicit drug use, young people, or which are delivered in settings other than health-care services have, however, been relatively slow to develop. The needs of young people for interventions distinct from those offered to adults are considered, as a precursor to an outline of the structure of a newly adapted intervention targeting drug use in general among young people. Based upon earlier topic-based approaches developed by Rollnick et al. this intervention is innovative in simultaneously targeting a range of drugs in pursuit of secondary prevention objectives, while also seeking to manifest the spirit of MI. The intervention consists of a single-session face-to-face conversation of up to 60 minutes duration. Data are presented which describe the development and conduct of this intervention during the course of an efficacy trial, with promising efficacy data themselves reported elsewhere. Observations are made on intervention delivery and consideration is given to implications for further novel targeting of young people and within the field of addiction interventions more generally. [source]

The effects of exercise during hemodialysis on adequacy

HEMODIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2005
C. Caner
Pedalling during hemodialysis (HD) has been shown to increase solute clearance in a previous study. In the present study, we aimed to test whether an easy to perform exercise program, not requiring a special device, could yield similar outcomes. Fifteen HD patients with the mean age of 48.4 ± 3.8 years were enrolled into the study. Patients with significant access recirculation (>10%), moderate to severe coronary artery disease, moderate to severe heart failure, severe chronic obstructive lung disease, and history of lower extremity surgery during last three month period were excluded. All patients were studied on two consecutive HD sessions with identical prescriptions. At the first session, standard HD was applied without exercise, whereas in the second session lower extremity exercise of 30 minutes duration was added. Reduction rates and rebound for urea, creatinine, and potassium and Kt/V were calculated. Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied in analysis and p < 0.05 was accepted as significance level. All patients completed the study. When both sessions were compared, mean arterial blood pressure (97 ± 3 mmHg vs 120 ± 4 mmHg, p < 0.001) and heart rate (77 ± 1 beats/min vs 92 ± 3 beats/min, p < 0.001) were higher in the exercise group. On the other hand, urea reduction rates, rebound values of urea, creatinine, and potassium were similar in both groups. Conclusion:,In the study, we did not observe any changes in solute rebound and clearance with the exercise. Shorter duration of the exercise may be the explanation of failure to achieve desired outcomes. Increasing patients' tolerance and fitness levels by means of steadily increasing exercise programs may be of help. Additionally, mode of exercise may also be responsible for different outcomes. [source]

Safety and efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis in patients with active ulcerative colitis: A multicenter study

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL APHERESIS, Issue 1 2001
Takashi Shimoyama
Abstract Active ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by activation and infiltration of granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages into the colonic mucosa. The infiltrated leukocytes can cause mucosal damage by releasing degradative proteases, reactive oxygen derivatives, and proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this trial (conducted in 14 specialist centers) was to assess safety and efficacy of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis in patients with active UC most of whom were refractory to conventional drug therapy. We used a new adsorptive type extracorporeal column (G-1 Adacolumn) filled with cellulose acetate beads (carriers) of 2 mm in diameter, which selectively adsorb granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Patients (n = 53) received five apheresis sessions, each of 60 minutes duration, flow rate 30 ml per minute for 5 consecutive weeks in combination with 24.4 ± 3.60 mg prednisolone (mean ± SE per patient per day, baseline dose). During 60 minutes apheresis, 26% of granulocytes, 19.5% of monocytes and 2% of lymphocytes adsorbed to the carriers. At week 7, 58.5% of patients had remission or improved, the dose of prednisolone was reduced to 14.2 ± 2.25 mg (n = 37). The apheresis treatment was fairly safe, only eight non-severe side effects (in 5 patients) were reported. Based on our results, we believe that in patients with active severe UC, patients who are refractory to conventional drugs, granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis is a useful adjunct to conventional therapy. This procedure should have the potential to allow tapering the dose of corticosteroids, shorten the time to remission and delay relapse. J. Clin. Apheresis. 16:1-9, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

High-Spin- and Low-Spin-State Structures of [Fe(chloroethyltetrazole)6](ClO4)2 from Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Data

CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 19 2006
Eva Dova Dr.
Abstract The spin-crossover complex [Fe(teec)6](ClO4)2 (teec = chloroethyltetrazole) exhibits a 50,% incomplete spin crossover in the temperature range 300,30 K. Time-resolved synchrotron powder diffraction experiments have been carried out to elucidate its structural behavior. We report crystal structure models of this material at 300 K (high spin) and 90 K (low spin), as solved from synchrotron powder diffraction data by using Genetic Algorithm and Parallel Tempering techniques and refined with Rietveld refinement. During short synchrotron powder diffraction experiments (five minutes duration) two distinguishable lattices were observed the quantities of which vary with temperature. The implication of this phenomenon, that is interpreted as a structural phase transition associated with the high-to-low spin crossover, and the structural characteristics of the high-spin and low-spin models are discussed in relation to other compounds showing a similar type of spin-crossover behavior. [source]