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Mineralized Bone (mineralized + bone)
Selected AbstractsDouble staining protocol for developing European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvaeJOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 2 2010M. J. Darias Summary The alcian blue-alizarin red technique was successfully adjusted to stain developing European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. For an optimal staining protocol design both larval size and their morphological characteristics at each developmental stage were considered, since such parameters notably influence the staining of tissues. The incubation times of the different solutions were adjusted to allow the stain penetration for revealing the integrity of cartilaginous and bony tissues without significant tissue degradation. Three developmental windows were determined for an optimal staining procedure: (i) 4.5,6.4 mm, (ii) 6.7,8.7 mm, and (iii) 12.8,15.5 mm total length (TL). In order to validate the continuity of staining along the larval development, quantification of bone mineralization and osteocalcin gene expression were also monitored. Quantitative analysis revealed that ossification followed an exponential kinetic that was positively correlated with the osteocalcin gene expression pattern (Rs = 0.9762, P < 0.05). The mineralized tissue increased from 6.4 mm TL onwards, corresponding with the detection of the first ossified structures. The quantity of bony tissue increased gradually until 7.6 mm TL, since mineralization remained limited to the skull. From 8.3 to 15.5 mm TL, the mineralized bone was notable and nearly concerned the whole larval skeleton (skull, vertebral column and caudal complex). Since it was possible to detect the first cartilaginous and mineralized structures in specimens as small as 4.5 and 6.4 mm TL, respectively, this procedure is a useful tool to study the European sea bass skeletal ontogenesis, to precociously diagnose skeletal malformations in small larvae and eventually to better characterize the effect of different environmental and/or nutritional factors on the ossification status of specific skeletal components. [source] Osteoblast Function Is Compromised at Sites of Focal Bone Erosion in Inflammatory Arthritis,,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 9 2009Nicole C Walsh PhD Abstract In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovial inflammation results in focal erosion of articular bone. Despite treatment attenuating inflammation, repair of erosions with adequate formation of new bone is uncommon in RA, suggesting that bone formation may be compromised at these sites. Dynamic bone histomorphometry was used in a murine model of RA to determine the impact of inflammation on osteoblast function within eroded arthritic bone. Bone formation rates at bone surfaces adjacent to inflammation were similar to those observed in nonarthritic bone; therefore, osteoblast activity is unlikely to compensate for the increased bone resorption at these sites. Within arthritic bone, the extent of actively mineralizing surface was reduced at bone surfaces adjacent to inflammation compared with bone surfaces adjacent to normal marrow. Consistent with the reduction in mineralized bone formation, there was a notable paucity of cells expressing the mid- to late stage osteoblast lineage marker alkaline phosphatase, despite a clear presence of cells expressing the early osteoblast lineage marker Runx2. In addition, several members of the Dickkopf and secreted Frizzled-related protein families of Wnt signaling antagonists were upregulated in arthritic synovial tissues, suggesting that inhibition of Wnt signaling could be one mechanism contributing to impaired osteoblast function within arthritic bone. Together, these data indicate that the presence of inflammation within arthritic bone impairs osteoblast capacity to form adequate mineralized bone, thus contributing to the net loss of bone and failure of bone repair at sites of focal bone erosion in RA. [source] Microarchitectural and Physical Changes During Fetal Growth in Human Vertebral Bone,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2003S Nuzzo Abstract The ossification process in human vertebra during the early stage of its formation was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray microtomography (,CT) at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France. Twenty-two samples taken from vertebral ossification centers of human fetal bone (gestational age ranging between 16 and 26 weeks) were investigated. The analysis of three-dimensional images at high spatial resolution (,10 and ,2 ,m) allows a detailed quantitative description of bone microarchitecture. A denser trabecular network was found in fetal bone compared with that of adult bone. The images evidenced a global isotropic structure clearly composed of two regions: a central region (trabecular bone) and a peripheral region (immature bone). XRD experiments evidenced hydroxyapatite-like crystalline structure in the mineral phase at any fetal age after 16 weeks. Interestingly, the analysis of XRD patterns highlighted the evolution of crystalline structure of mineralized bone as a function of age involving the growth of the hydroxyapatite crystallites. [source] Orthodontic movement in bone defects augmented with Bio-Oss®JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2001An experimental study in dogs Abstract Objective: To study if it was possible to move, by orthodontic means, a tooth into an area of the jaw that had been augmented with Bio-Oss®. Material and Methods: 5 beagle dogs were used. The 1st, 2nd, and 4th mandibular premolars on each side were removed. The defect at the left 4th premolar site was filled with a biomaterial (Bio-Oss®) while the corresponding defect in the right side was left for spontaneous healing. 3 months later, an orthodontic device was inserted in each side of the mandible. The device was designed to allow distal, bodily movement of the 3rd premolars. When the experimental teeth had been moved into the extraction sites of the 4th premolars, the animals were sacrificed and biopsies of the premolar-molar regions of the mandible sampled. The tissues were prepared for histological analysis using standard procedures. In the sections, 3 zones were identified: zone A=the bone tissue within the distal portion of the previous extraction site (4th premolar), zone B=the pressure side of the 3rd premolar, zone C=the tension side of the 3rd premolar. The area occupied by mineralized bone, Bio-Oss® particles and bone marrow was determined by a point counting procedure. The width of the periodontal ligament as well as the percentage of the root surface (in zone B) that exhibited resorption was determined. Results: The findings demonstrated that it was possible to move a tooth into an area of an alveolar ridge that 3 months previously had been augmented with a biomaterial. It was also demonstrated that 12 months after grafting, Bio-Oss® particles remained as inactive filler material in the not utilized part of zone A. The biomaterial was not present in zone C but present in small amounts in zone B. Conclusion: During the orthodontic tooth movement the graft material (Bio-Oss®) was degraded and eliminated from the part of the alveolar ridge that was utilized for the experiment. In the non-utilized part of the ridge the biomaterial, however, remained as a seemingly inactive filler material. [source] ,-tricalcium phosphate in the early phase of socket healing: an experimental study in the dogCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010Mauricio G. Araújo Abstract Objectives: The aim of this experiment was to analyze processes involved in the incorporation of ,-tricalcium phospate (TCP) particles in host tissue during healing following tooth extraction and grafting. Material and methods: Five beagle dogs were used. Four premolars in the maxilla (3P3, 2P2) were hemi-sected, the distal roots were removed and the fresh extraction socket filled with TCP. The tooth extraction and grafting procedures were scheduled in such a way that biopsies representing 1 and 3 days, as well as 1, 2, and 4 weeks of healing could be obtained. Tissue elements such as cells, fibers, vessels, leukocytes and mineralized bone were determined. In deparaffinized sections structures and cells that expressed Tratarate resistant acid phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin were identified by the use of markers. Results: The porosities of the TCP particles were initially filled with erythrocytes that subsequently were replaced with mineralized bone. Some of the graft material was invaded by mesenchymal and inflammatory cells and disintegrated. Thus, small membrane bound granules appeared in the granulation tissue and the provisional matrix. In the process of hard tissue formation, partly mineralized (modified) TCP particles became surrounded by ridges of woven bone. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that the early healing of an extraction socket that had been grafted with ,-TCP involved (i) the formation of a coagulum that was (ii) replaced with granulation tissue and a provisional matrix in which (iii) woven bone could form. In this process the biomaterial was apparently involved. To cite this article: Araújo MG, Liljenberg B, Lindhe J. ,-tricalcium phosphate in the early phase of socket healing: an experimental study in the dog. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 445,454. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01876.x [source] Significance of primary stability for osseointegration of dental implantsCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006Natalia Lioubavina-Hack Abstract Aim: To investigate the significance of the initial stability of dental implants for the establishment of osseointegration in an experimental capsule model for bone augmentation. Material and methods: Sixteen male rats were used in the study. In each rat, muscle-periosteal flaps were elevated on the lateral aspect of the mandibular ramus on both sides, resulting in exposure of the bone surface. Small perforations were then produced in the ramus. A rigid, hemispherical Teflon® capsule with a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 4 mm and with a hole in its middle portion, prepared to fit the circumference of an ITI® HC titanium implant of 2.8 mm in diameter, was fixed to the ramus using 4 mini-screws. On one side of the jaw, the implant was placed through the hole in such a way that its apex did not make contact with the mandibular ramus (test). This placement of the implant did not ensure primary stability. On the other side of the jaw, a similar implant was placed through the hole of the capsule in such a way that contact was made between the implant and the surface of the ramus (control). This provided primary stability of the implant. After placement of the implants, the soft tissues were repositioned over the capsules and sutured. After 1, 3, 6 and 9 months, four animals were sacrificed and subjected to histometric analysis. Results: The mean height of direct bone-to-implant contact of implants with primary stability was 38.8%, 52.9%, 64.6% and 81.3% of the implant length at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months, respectively. Of the bone adjacent to the implant surface, 28.1%, 28.9%, 52.6% and 69.6%, respectively, consisted of mineralized bone. At the test implants, no bone-to-implant contact was observed at any observation time or in any of these non-stabilized specimens. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that primary implant stability is a prerequisite for successful osseointegration, and that implant instability results in fibrous encapsulation, thus confirming previously made clinical observations. [source] The impact of nicotine on bone healing and osseointegrationCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 3 2005An experimental study in rabbits Abstract Objectives: To examine the short-term effect of nicotine on bone healing and osseointegration. Material and methods: Sixteen female rabbits were divided into two groups. The test group was exposed to nicotine tartrate for 8 weeks and the control group was exposed to placebo. Nicotine or placebo was administered via a miniosmotic pump and plasma cotinine levels were measured weekly. The pump delivered 15 mg of nicotine/day for the animals in the test group. All rabbits had three tibial bone preparations. In the proximal and distal bone bed, implants were placed after 4 weeks (right tibia) and after 6 weeks (left tibia). Thus, 2- and 4-week healing groups were created. Removal torque test (RMT) was performed at the distal implants. Ground sections were made from the proximal and the central bone beds. The fraction of mineralized bone in contact to the implant (BIC) and the bone density within the implant threads (BD-i) were determined for the bone,implant specimens. For the central bone beds without implants the bone density (BD-c) in the bone defects was determined. Results: No significant difference in RMT values was found between the test and the control group. Histomorphometric measurements of the BIC and the peri-implant BD-i showed no significant differences between the test and the control group after 2 or 4 weeks. Significant differences were, however, found between the 2- and 4-week samples. In the central bone beds, there was no significant difference in BD-c between the test and the control group. Conclusion: Nicotine exposure in a short period of time did not have a significant impact on bone healing or implant osseointegration in rabbits. Résumé Le but de l'étude a été d'examiner l'effet à court terme de la nicotine sur la guérison osseuse et l'ostéoïntégration. Seize lapines ont été réparties en deux groupes. Le groupe test était exposé au tartrate de nicotine durant huit semaines et le groupe contrôle était exposé au placebo. La nicotine et le placebo étaient administrés par une pompe miniosmotique et les teneurs de cotinine plasmatique étaient mesurées chaque semaine. La pompe distillait 15 mg de nicotine par jour pour les animaux du groupe test. Toutes les lapines avaient trois préparations osseuses. Dans le lit osseux proximal et distal, les implants étaient placés après quatre semaines (tibia droit) et six semaines (tibia gauche) Des groupes de guérison de deux et de quatre semaines ont ainsi été créés. Des tests de torsion à l'enlèvement ont été effectués au niveau des implants distaux. Des coupes ont été effectuées pour les lits osseux centraux et proximaux. La fraction d'os minéralisé en contact avec l'implant et la densité osseuse à l'intérieur des filetages ont été déterminées pour les spécimens os/implants. Pour les lits osseux centraux sans implant la quantité osseuse dans les lésions osseuses a été déterminée. Aucune différence significative dans les valeurs de torsion à l'enlèvement n'a été trouvée entre les deux groupes. Les mesures histomorphométriques du contact os/implant et la densité osseuse à l'intérieur des filetages paroïmplantaires ne montraient aucune différence entre les deux groupes ni après deux ni après quatre semaines. Cependant des différences significatives ont été trouvées entre les échantillons à deux et quatre semaines. Dans les lits osseux centraux il n'y avait pas de différence significative de densité osseuse entre le groupe test et le contrôle. L'exposition à la nicotine durant une brève période n'avait pas d'impact significatif sur la guérison osseuse ni sur l'ostéoïntégration d'implants chez les lapines. Zusammenfassung Ziele: Den frühen Einfluss von Nikotin auf die Knochenheilung und Osseointegration zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden: 16 weibliche Kaninchen wurden in zwei Gruppe eingeteilt. Der Testgruppe wurde während 8 Wochen Nikotintartrat gegeben und die Kontrollgruppe bekam ein Placebo. Das Nikotin oder das Placebo wurde mittels einer miniosmotischen Pumpe verabreicht und man bestimmte wöchentlich die Kotininspiegel im Plasma. Bei den Tieren der Testgruppe lieferte die Pumpe 15 mg Nikotin pro Tag. Bei allen Tieren wurden 3 Stellen des Tibiaknochens bearbeitet. In das proximale und distale Knochenbett wurden nach 4 Wochen (rechte Tibia) und nach 6 Wochen (linke Tibia) Implantate eingesetzt. So wurden Gruppen mit einer Heilungszeit von 2 und 4 Wochen kreiert. Bei den distalen Implantaten wurden Ausdrehmoment-Tests (RMT) durchgeführt. Von den zentralen und proximalen Knochenbetten wurden Schliffpräparate angefertigt. Bei den Präparaten mit Implantaten und Knochen bestimmte man den Anteil an mineralisiertem Knochen in Kontakt mit dem Implantat (BIC) und die Knochendichte innerhalb der Gewindegänge (BD-i). Bei den zentralen Knochenbetten ohne Implantate bestimmte man die Knochendichte (BD-c) innerhalb der Knochendefekte. Resutate: Bei den RMT-Werten konnten zwischen der Test- und Kontrollgruppe keine signifikanten Unterschiede gefunden werden. Die histomorphometrischen Messungen des BIC und der periimplantären BD-i zeigten nach 2 oder 4 Wochen keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen der Test- und Kontrollgruppe. Jedoch konnten signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Präparaten nach 2 und 4 Wochen gefunden werden. Bei den zentralen Knochenbetten bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied im BD-c zwischen der Test- und Kontrollgruppe. Schlussfolgerung: Die Verabreichung von Nikotin über einen kurzen Zeitraum hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Knochenheilung und Osseointegration bei Kaninchen. Resumen Objetivos: Examinar los efectos a corto plazo de la nicotina en la cicatrización ósea y la osteointegración. Material y Métodos: Se dividieron 16 conejos hembras en dos grupos. El grupo de prueba fue expuesto a tartrato de nicotina durante 8 semanas y el grupo de control fue expuesto a un placebo. La nicotina o el placebo se administraron por medio de una bomba miniosmótica y se midieron e los niveles de nicotina semanalmente. La bomba suministró 15 mg de nicotina/día a los animales del grupo de prueba. Todos los conejos se sometieron a 3 preparaciones tibiales. En los lechos óseos proximales y distales, se colocaron implantes tras 4 semanas (tibia derecha) y 6 semanas (tibia izquierda). Creándose por lo tanto, dos grupos de cicatrización de 2 y 4 semanas. Se llevó a cabo un test de torque de remoción (RMT) en los implantes distales. Se realizaron cortes histológicos de los lechos óseos proximales y centrales. Se determinó la fracción de hueso mineralizado en contacto con el implante (BIC) y la densidad ósea entre las roscas (BD-i) para los especímenes de hueso-implante. Se determinó la densidad ósea (BD-c) en los defectos para los lechos óseos centrales sin implantes. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los valores RMT entre los grupos de prueba y de control. Las mediciones histomorfométricas del BIC y del BD-i periimplantario no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de prueba y de control tras 2 o tras 4 semanas. De todos modos se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las muestras de 2 y 4 semanas. En los lechos óseos centrales no hubo diferencias significativas en BD-c entre los grupos de prueba y de control. Conclusión: La exposición a la nicotina durante un corto periodo de tiempo no tuvo un impacto significativo en la cicatrización ósea o en la osteointegración implantaria en los conejos. [source] Influence of preimplant surgical intervention and implant placement on bone wound healingCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 5 2003Christer Slotte Abstract: The aims of the present investigation were to study (1) the influence of preimplant (4 weeks) surgical intervention and (2) the influence of the implant placement per se on bone density and mineralized bone,implant contact (BIC) at implant sites in the rabbit jawbone. The experiment was performed in the edentulous area of the maxillas of 16 adult rabbits. In eight rabbits, the alveolar bone on the left side (test) was surgically exposed and a groove was prepared in the bone crest. Trabecular bone and marrow tissue were removed, and a bioabsorbable barrier membrane was placed to cover the groove. The right side underwent no treatment and served as the control. Four weeks later, a screw-shaped titanium implant was placed transversally through the maxilla, penetrating both the test and the control areas. After another 4 weeks of healing, the animals were killed to obtain ground sections for histomorphometry. Untreated jaws from eight rabbits served as reference specimens. In the rabbits subjected to surgery, the areas (mm2) of both mineralized bone and marrow tissue were similar for test and control (4.9 ± 1.7 vs. 5.1 ± 2.2 and 6.3 ± 5.7 vs. 6.8 ± 5.7 for bone and marrow, respectively). The BIC (%) for all threads was significantly lower on the test side than on the control side (32.1 ± 27.7 vs. 47.7 ± 20.3). The bone density (%) of the total experimental area was similar for test and control (48.5 ± 12.1 vs. 46.5 ± 9.3), as was the bone density in the area within the implant thread valleys and their mirror areas (43.0 ± 13.9 vs. 41.3 ± 13.5, and 40.2 ± 11.0 vs. 40.3 ± 7.2 for thread area and mirror area, respectively). The bone density of the total experimental area in the untreated rabbits was 35.9 ± 5.2%. This value was significantly lower than the values in the total experimental areas (test and control) of the surgically treated rabbits. Similarly, the density of the reference area in the untreated rabbits was 25.4 ± 5.3%, which was also significantly lower than the bone density of the periimplant area of the surgically treated rabbits. We conclude that the surgical trauma caused by the placement of implants in the maxilla of rabbits significantly enhanced the bone density of the implant sites. Surgical intervention in the implant sites 4 weeks prior to the implant placements, however, did not further enhance bone density or BIC. Résumé Les buts de cette étude ont été d'étudier 1) l'influence d'une intervention chirurgicale préimplantaire (4 semaines) et 2) l'influence du placement de l'implant per se sur la densité osseuse et le contact implant-os minéralisé (BIC). Cette expérience a été effectuée dans la région édentée du maxillaire de seize lapins adultes. Chez huit lapins, l'os alvéolaire du côté gauche (test) était chirurgicalement exposé et une marque a été faite dans la crête osseuse. L'os trabéculaire et le tissu spongieux ont été enlevés et une membrane biorésorbable a été placée pour couvrir ce trou. Le côté droit ne subissait aucun traitement et a servi de contrôle. Quatre semaines après, un implant en titane vis a été placé transversalement à travers le maxillaire pénétrant tant la zone test que contrôle. Après quatre semaines de guérison les animaux ont été tués pour obtenir des coupes pour l'histomorphométrie. Les mâchoires non-traitées de huit lapins ont servi de spécimens de référence. Chez les lapins soumis à la chirugie les zones d'os minéralisé et de tissu spongieux étaient semblables pour le test et le contrôle (respectivement 4,9±1,7 mm2 vs 5,1±2,2 mm2 et 6,3±5,7 mm2 vs 6,8±5,7mm2). Les BIC pour tous les filetages étaient significativement moins importants au niveau des tests que des contrôles (32,1±27,7% vs 47,7±20,3%). La densité osseuse du total de l'aire expérimentale était semblable pour les tests et les contrôles (48,5±12,1%vs 46,3±9,3%) comme l'était la densité osseuse dans la zone à l'intérieur du filetage de l'implant et de leurs aires mineures (43,0±13,9%vs 41,3±13,5% pour les filetages et 40,2±11,0% vs40,3±7,2% pour les aires mineures). La densité osseuse de l'aire expérimentale totale chez les lapins nont-traités était de 35,9 ±5,2%. Cette valeur était significativement inférieure à celles dans les aires expérimentales totales (tests et contrôles) des lapins traités chirurgicalement. Parallèlement, la densité de l'aire de référence des lapins non-traités était de 25,4±5,3% c.-à-d. inférieure à la densité osseuse de la zone paroïmplantaire des lapins traités chirurgicalement. Le trauma chirurgical causé par le placement d'implants dans le maxillaire de lapins augmente significativement la densité osseuse au niveau des sites implantaires. L'intervention chirurgicale des sites à implanter quatre semaines avant le placement des implants n'avait cependant augmenté ni la densité osseuse ni le BIC. Zussammenfassung Der Einfluss eines praeimplantären chirurgischen Eingriffes und der Implantation per se auf die Heilung der Knochenwunde. Eine Studie am Kieferknochen des Kaninchens. Ziel: Das Ziel dieser Studie war es 1) den Einfluss eines praeimplantären chirurgischen Eingriffes (4 Wochen vorher) und 2) den Einfluss der Implantation per se auf die Knochendichte und den mineralisierten Knochen-Implantatkontakt (BIC) an einer Implantationsstelle im Kieferknochen des Kaninchens zu untersuchen. Material und Methode: Die Testregion war der zahnlose Oberkieferabschnitt von 16 ausgewachsenen Kaninchen. Bei 8 Kaninchen wurde der Alveolarknochen der linken Seite (Test) chirurgisch freigelegt und eine Vertiefungen in den Knochenkortex präpariert. Dann entfernte man den trabekulären Knochen und das Knochenmark und deckte die Vertiefung mit einer bioresorbierbaren Membran ab. Die rechte Seite wurde unbehandelt belassen und diente als Kontrolle. Vier Wochen später implantierte man ein schraubenförmiges Titanimplantat transversal durch die Maxilla, so dass es Test- oder Kontrollregion durchdrang. Nach einer Heilphase von weiteren vier Wochen wurden die Tiere geopfert und von der zu untersuchenden Region Grundschnitte für die Histologie hergestellt. Als Referenz dienten unbehandelte (jungfräuliche) Kiefer von weiteren 8 Kaninchen. Resultate: Bei den Kaninchen, welche die oben beschriebenen chirurgischen Schritte durchlaufen haben, waren sowohl bei der Test- wie auch bei der Kontrollgruppe die Fläche von mineralisiertem Knochen und Knochenmark (in mm2) ähnlich gross (4.9+1.7 gegenüber 5.1+2.2 beim Knochen und 6.3+5.7 gegenüber 6.8+5.7 beim Knochenmark). Der BIC (%) war in allen Schraubenwindungen auf der Testseite signifikant tiefer als auf der Kontrollseite (32.1+27.7 gegenüber 47.7+20.3). Die Knochendichte (%) war in der untersuchten Region bei der Test- und Kontrollseite etwa gleich gross (48.5+12.1 gegenüber 46.5+9.3) wie die Knochendichte in den Vertiefungen der Schraubenwindungen und ihrer spiegelbildlichen Regionen (43.0+13.9 gegenüber 41.3+13.5 in den Schraubenwindungen und 40.2+11.0 gegenüber 40.3+7.2 in den spiegelbildlichen Regionen). Die Knochendichte in der gesamten Region der unbehandelten (jungfräulichen) Kaninchen betrug 35.9+5.2%. Dieser Wert war signifikant tiefer als die Werte der gesamten untersuchten Region der chirurgisch behandelten Kaninchen (Test- und Kontrollseite). Ganz ähnlich war die Dichte in der Referenzregion der unbehandelten Kaninchen 25.4+5.3%, ein Wert der auch signifikant tiefer war als die Knochendichte in der periimplantären Region von chirurgisch behandelten Kaninchen. Zusammenfassung: Das chirurgische Trauma, das beim Setzen eines Implantates im Oberkiefer von Kaninchen entsteht, begünstigt die Knochendichte an den Stellen der Implantate signifikant. Der chirurgischen Eingriff vier Wochen vor der Implantation jedoch, förderte an den zur Implantation vorgesehenen Stellen weder Knochendichte noch BIC. Resumen Objetivos: La intención de la presente investigación fue estudiar 1) la influencia de la intervención quirúrgica (4 semanas) periimplantaria y 2) la influencia de la colocación de implantes per se en la densidad ósea y el contacto del hueso mineralizado al implante (BIC) en los lugares de implante en el hueso mandibular del conejo. Material y métodos: El experimento se realizó en el área edéntula del maxilar de 16 conejos adultos. Se expuso quirúrgicamente el hueso alveolar en el lado izquierdo (test) de 8 conejos y se preparó un hueco en la cresta ósea. Se retiró el hueso trabecular y el tejido de médula ósea, colocándose una membrana de barrera biorreabsorbible para cubrir el hueco. El lado derecho no sufrió ningún tratamiento y sirvió de control. Cuatro semanas mas tarde, se colocó un implante de forma roscada transversalmente a través del maxilar, penetrando las áreas de prueba y de control. Tras otras 4 semanas de cicatrización, los animales se sacrificaron para obtener cortes histológicos para histomorfometría. Las mandíbulas sin tratar de los 8 conejos sirvieron como especímenes de referencia. Resultados: En los conejos sometidos a cirugía las áreas (mm2) del hueso mineralizado y del tejido medular fueron similares para la prueba y el control (4.9 ± 1.7 vs. 5.1 ± 2.2 y 6.3 ± 5.7 vs. 6.8 ± 5.7, hueso y médula respectivamente). El BIC (%) para todas las roscas fue significativamente mas bajo en el lado de prueba que en el de control (32.1 ± 27.7 vs. 47.7 ± 20.3). La densidad de ósea (%) de toda el área experimental fue similar para la prueba y el control (48.5 ± 12.1 vs. 46.5 ± 9.3) así como la densidad ósea en el área en los valles entre las roscas y en su área espejo (43.0 ± 13.9 vs. 41.3 ± 13.5, y 40.2 ± 11.0 vs. 40.3 ± 7.2, área de roscas y área espejo respectivamente). La densidad ósea en el área total experimental en los conejos no tratados (vírgenes) fue del 35.9 ± 5.2%. Este valor fue significativamente mas bajo que los valores en el total de las áreas experimentales (test y control) de los conejos tratados quirúrgicamente. Del mismo modo, la densidad del área de referencia de los conejos no tratados fue de 25.4 ± 5.3%, que también fue significativamente mas baja que la densidad ósea del área periimplantaria de los conejos tratados quirúrgicamente. Conclusión: El trauma quirúrgico causado por la colocación de implantes en el maxilar de conejos estimuló significativamente la densidad ósea de los lugares de implantes. Sin embargo, la intervención quirúrgica de los lugares de implantes 4 semanas antes de la colocación de los implantes no estimuló mas la densidad ósea o el BIC. [source] | ||||||||||