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Miller
Terms modified by Miller Selected AbstractsSASSI: A REPLY TO THE CRITIQUE OF FELDSTEIN & MILLER (2007)ADDICTION, Issue 6 2007LINDA E. LAZOWSKI No abstract is available for this article. [source] Uncanny Exposures: A Study of the Wartime Photojournalism of Lee MillerCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 4 2009PAULA M. SALVIO ABSTRACT Taking the World War II photojournalism of Lee Miller as my point of departure, this article has several purposes. First, it introduces the wartime photojournalism of Lee Miller to education. I situate Miller's use of surrealist photography within emerging curricular discourses that take as axiomatic the significance of the unconscious in education and thus the challenge of representing histories that are simultaneously present, but cannot be perceived or integrated into conventional historical narratives. Second, I provide a textual analysis of Lee Miller's wartime oeuvre with specific attention paid to how this work alters education's "field of vision" of trauma. While this analysis makes no claims to exhaust education's possibilities for framing the war photography of Lee Miller, it will show how Miller's use of surrealist rhetoric and framing devices offered her the expressive power to represent traumatic experiences that resist being integrated into larger social and cultural contexts. By thinking through Miller's war photography, this article contributes to the scholarship in education that is dedicated to establishing a psychoanalytic history of learning and teaching that is capacious enough to address the "difficult knowledge" we too often cast beyond the pale of the curriculum and to expanding the rhetorical tactics possible for representing such difficult knowledge. [source] A question of questions: Comments on Wagman and MillerDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2003Mark A. Schmuckler First page of article [source] Peer Commmentaries on David H. Uttal's Seeing the big picture: map use and the development of spatial cognitionDEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2000Article first published online: 28 JUN 200 Mark Blades, Young children's understanding of indirect sources of spatial information, p. 265 Roger M. Downs, The genesis of carto-gnosis, p. 267 Mary Gauvain, The instrumental role of maps in the development and organization of spatial knowledge, p. 269 Lynn S. Liben, Map use and the development of spatial cognition: seeing the bigger picture, p. 270 Kevin Miller, Mapping symbolic development, p. 274 Nora S. Newcombe, So, at last we can begin, p. 276 Herbert L. Pick Jr, Commentary on ,Seeing the big picture', p. 278 David R. Olson, Knowledge artifacts, p. 279 Barbara Tversky, What maps reveal about spatial thinking, p. 281 [source] Bankrupting the enemy: the US financial siege of Japan before Pearl Harbor , By Edward S. MillerECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 1 2009EUGENE N. WHITE No abstract is available for this article. [source] Conversation with William R. MillerADDICTION, Issue 6 2009WILLIAM R. MILLER First page of article [source] Simulation of water flow and solute transport in free-drainage lysimeters and field soils with heterogeneous structuresEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2004H. M. Abdou Summary Lysimeters are valuable for studying the fate and transport of chemicals in soil. Large-scale field lysimeters are used to assess pesticide behaviour and radionuclide transport, and are assumed to represent natural field conditions better than laboratory columns. Field lysimeters are usually characterized by a free-draining lower boundary. As a result, the hydraulic gradient is disrupted, and leachate cannot be collected until the bottom of the lysimeter becomes saturated. We compared heterogeneously structured, free-drainage lysimeters and field soils with respect to water flow and solute transport. Numerical simulations were carried out in a two-dimensional heterogeneous sandy soil under unsaturated water flow conditions with the CHAIN_2D code. Three different soil structures (isotropic, horizontal, and vertical) were generated, and Miller,Miller similitude was used to scale the hydraulic properties of the soil. The results showed that ponding occurs at the bottom of the lysimeter for the three soil structures and that it occurred faster and was more pronounced with the vertical structure (preferential flow effect). Breakthrough curves of a conservative solute (bromide) showed that solutes are moving faster in the field than in the lysimeters. Fewer differences between lysimeters and field soils were found with the horizontal soil structure than with the isotropic and vertical structures. [source] EVOLUTION OF REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN THE SEXUALLY DECEPTIVE ORCHID OPHRYS SPHEGODES: HOW DOES FLOWER-SPECIFIC VARIATION OF ODOR SIGNALS INFLUENCE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS?EVOLUTION, Issue 6 2000Manfred Ayasse Abstract The orchid Ophrys sphegodes Miller is pollinated by sexually excited males of the solitary bee Andrena nigroaenea, which are lured to the flowers by visual cues and volatile semiochemicals. In O. sphegodes, visits by pollinators are rare. Because of this low frequency of pollination, one would expect the evolution of strategies that increase the chance that males will visit more than one flower on the same plant; this would increase the number of pollination events on a plant and therefore the number of seeds produced. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, we identified more than 100 compounds in the odor bouquets of labellum extracts from O. sphegodes; 24 compounds were found to be biologically active in male olfactory receptors based on gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). Gas chromatography (GC) analyses of odors from individual flowers showed less intraspecific variation in the odor bouquets of the biologically active compounds as compared to nonactive compounds. This can be explained by a higher selective pressure on the pollinator-attracting communication signal. Furthermore, we found a characteristic variation in the GC-EAD active esters and aldehydes among flowers of different stem positions within an inflorescence and in the n-alkanes and n-alkenes among plants from different populations. In our behavioral field tests, we showed that male bees learn the odor bouquets of individual flowers during mating attempts and recognize them in later encounters. Bees thereby avoid trying to mate with flowers they have visited previously, but do not avoid other flowers either of a different or the same plant. By varying the relative proportions of saturated esters and aldehydes between flowers of different stem positions, we demonstrated that a plant may take advantage of the learning abilities of the pollinators and influence flower visitation behavior. Sixty-seven percent of the males that visited one flower in an inflorescence returned to visit a second flower of the same inflorescence. However, geitonogamy is prevented and the likelihood of cross-fertilization is enhanced by the time required for the pollinium deposited on the pollinator to complete its bending movement, which is necessary for pollination to occur. Cross-fertilization is furthermore enhanced by the high degree of odor variation between plants. This variation minimizes learned avoidance of the flowers and increases the likelihood that a given pollinator would visit several to many different plants within a population. [source] Analytical and experimental studies on fatigue crack path under complex multi-axial loadingFATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, Issue 4 2006L. REIS ABSTRACT In real engineering components and structures, many accidental failures are due to unexpected or additional loadings, such as additional bending or torsion, etc. Fractographical analyses of the failure surface and the crack orientation are helpful for identifying the effects of the non-proportional multi-axial loading. There are many factors that influence fatigue crack paths. This paper studies the effects of multi-axial loading path on the crack path. Two kinds of materials were studied and compared in this paper: AISI 303 stainless steel and 42CrMo4 steel. Experiments were conducted in a biaxial testing machine INSTRON 8800. Six different biaxial loading paths were selected and applied in the tests to observe the effects of multi-axial loading paths on the additional hardening, fatigue life and the crack propagation orientation. Fractographic analyses of the plane orientations of crack initiation and propagation were carried out by optical microscope and SEM approaches. It was shown that the two materials studied had different crack orientations under the same loading path, due to their different cyclic plasticity behaviour and different sensitivity to non-proportional loading. Theoretical predictions of the damage plane were made using the critical plane approaches such as the Brown,Miller, the Findley, the Wang,Brown, the Fatemi,Socie, the Smith,Watson,Topper and the Liu's criteria. Comparisons of the predicted orientation of the damage plane with the experimental observations show that the critical plane models give satisfactory predictions for the orientations of early crack growth of the 42CrMo4 steel, but less accurate predictions were obtained for the AISI 303 stainless steel. This observation appears to show that the applicability of the fatigue models is dependent on the material type and multi-axial microstructure characteristics. [source] The validation of some methods of notch fatigue analysisFATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, Issue 5 2000Taylor This paper is concerned with the testing and validation of certain methods of notch analysis which the authors have developed theoretically in earlier publications. These methods were developed for use with finite element (FE) analysis in order to predict the fatigue limits of components containing stress concentrations. In the present work we tested and compared these methods using data from standard notches taken from the literature, covering a range of notch geometries, loading types, R -ratios and materials: a total of 47 different data sets were analysed. The greatest predictive success was achieved with critical-distance methods known as the point, line and area methods: 94% of these predictions fell within 20% of the experimental fatigue limits. This was a significant improvement on previous methods of this kind, e.g. that of Klesnil and Lucas [(1980) Fatigue of Metallic Materials, Elsevier Science]. Methods based on the Smith and Miller [(1978) Int. J. Mech. Sci. 20, 201,206] concept of crack-like notches were successful in 42% of cases; they experienced difficulties dealing with very small notches, and could be improved by using an ElHaddad-type correction factor, giving 87% success. An approach known as ,crack modelling' allowed the Smith and Miller method to be used with non-standard stress concentrations, where notch geometry is ill defined; this modification, with the same short-crack correction, had 68% success. It was concluded that the critical-distance approach is more accurate and can be more easily used to analyse components of complex shape, however, the crack modelling approach is sometimes preferable because it can be used with less mesh refinement. [source] Uncertain Demand, Heterogeneous Expectations, and Unintentional IPO UnderpricingFINANCIAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Bruce K. Gouldey G12; G24; G30 Abstract Distinguishing between intentional and unintentional incentives to underprice initial public offerings (IPOs), I develop sufficient conditions for the winners' curse postulated by Miller (1977) and implications for intertemporal changes in the magnitude of underpricing. Specifically, I show that unintentional underpricing (and occasional overpricing) of IPOs is a consequence of investors' heterogeneous expectations of the uncertain value of a stock when the supply is constrained and the underwriter's price discovery process only partially identifies aggregate demand. Moreover, an IPO that is oversubscribed in the premarket sale almost certainly will experience a short-term price increase in the secondary market. [source] Perceptions of Effectiveness of Responses to Sexual Harassment in the US Military, 1988 and 1995GENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 1 2003Juanita M. Firestone This analysis compares patterns of response to the harassment experiences that had the greatest effect on the respondents to the ,1988 Department of Defense (DoD) Survey of Sex Roles in the Active-Duty Military' and Form A of the ,1995 Armed Forces Sexual Harassment Survey'. We analyse the respondents' perceptions about effectiveness of their responses, and respondents' opinions about the efforts of senior military leadership, and their own immediate supervisors' efforts to ,make honest and reasonable efforts to stop sexual harassment in the active-duty military' (DoD, 1988; Bastian et al., 1996). Results indicate that while the military has been somewhat successful in attempts to lower actual incidence of sexual harassment, the percentage of those experiencing such uninvited and unwanted behaviours remains high. Similar patterns of responses in both years, with most employing personal solutions and few filing complaints with officials, may reflect the fact that official DoD policy focuses on individual behaviour and does not address the masculine environmental context that promotes such behaviours (see also Harrell and Miller, 1997). Findings also suggest that the ,no tolerance' policies adopted by the military may concentrate on the military image but ignore the wishes of the complainants who fear reprisals. If the rights and wishes of all parties involved are not taken into account, policies are unlikely to be successful (see, for example, Rowe, 1996). [source] Teaching and Learning Guide for: Memoryscape: How Audio Walks Can Deepen Our Sense of Place by Integrating Art, Oral History and Cultural GeographyGEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2008Toby Butler Author's Introduction This article is concerned with the history and practice of creating sound walks or ,memoryscapes': outdoor trails that use recorded sound and spoken memory played on a personal stereo or mobile media to experience places in new ways. It is now possible to cheaply and easily create this and other kinds of located media experience. The development of multi-sensory-located media (,locedia') presents some exciting opportunities for those concerned with place, local history, cultural geography and oral history. This article uses work from several different disciplines (music, sound art, oral history and cultural geography) as a starting point to exploring some early and recent examples of locedia practice. It also suggests how it might give us a more sophisticated, real, embodied and nuanced experience of places that the written word just can not deliver. Yet, there are considerable challenges in producing and experiencing such work. Academics used to writing must learn to work in sound and view or image; they must navigate difficult issues of privacy, consider the power relations of the outsider's ,gaze' and make decisions about the representation of places in work that local people may try and have strong feelings about. Creating such work is an active, multi-sensory and profoundly challenging experience that can offer students the chance to master multi-media skills as well as apply theoretical understandings of the histories and geographies of place. Author Recommends 1.,Perks, R., and Thomson, A. (2006). The oral history reader, 2nd ed. London: Routledge. This is a wonderful collection of significant writing concerned with oral history. Part IV, Making Histories features much of interest, including a thought-provoking paper on the challenges of authoring in sound rather than print by Charles Hardy III, and a moving interview with Graeme Miller, the artist who created the Linked walk mentioned in the memoryscape article. These only feature in the second edition. 2.,Cresswell, T. (2004). Place: a short introduction. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. A refreshingly clear and well-written guide to the different theoretical takes on what makes places , a good starting point for further reading. 3.,Carlyle, A. (ed.). (2008). Autumn leaves: sound and the environment in artistic practice. Paris, France: Double Entendre. This is a collection of short essays and examples of located sonic media art; it includes interviews with practitioners and includes Hildegard Westekamp's Soundwalking, a practical guide to leading students on a mute walk. Lots of thought provoking, applied reading material for students here. 4.,Blunt, A., et al. (eds) (2003). Cultural geography in practice. London: Arnold. A great book for undergraduate and postgraduate students , concepts explained and lots of examples of actually doing cultural geography. The chapter on mapping worlds by David Pinder is particularly useful in this context. 5.,Pinder, D. (2001). Ghostly footsteps: voices, memories and walks in the city. Ecumene 8 (1), pp. 1,19. This article is a thoughtful analysis of a Janet Cardiff sound walk in Whitechapel, East London. Online Materials http://www.memoryscape.org.uk This is my project website, which features two online trails, Dockers which explores Greenwich and the memories of the London Docks that are archived in the Museum of London, and Drifting which is a rather strange experiment-combining physical geography and oral history along the Thames at Hampton Court, but still makes for an interesting trail. Audio, maps and trails can be downloaded for free, so students with phones or iPods can try the trails if you are within reach of Surrey or London. The site features an online version, with sound-accompanying photographs of the location. http://www.portsofcall.org.uk This website has three more trails here, this time of the communities surrounding the Royal Docks in East London. The scenery here is very dramatic and anyone interested in the regeneration of East London and its impact on local communities will find these trails interesting. Like Dockers, the walks feature a lot of rare archive interviews. This project involved a great deal of community interaction and participation as I experimented with trying to get people involved with the trail-making process. The site uses Google maps for online delivery. http://www.soundwalk.com This New York-based firm creates exceptionally high-quality soundwalks, and they are well worth the money. They started by producing trails for different districts of New York (I recommend the Bronx Graffiti trail) and have recently made trails for other cities, like Paris and Varanassi in India. http://www.mscapers.com This website is run by Hewlett Packard, which has a long history of research and development in located media applications. They currently give free licence to use their mscape software which is a relatively easy to learn way of creating global positioning system-triggered content. The big problem is that you have to have a pricey phone or personal digital assistant to run the software, which makes group work prohibitively expensive. But equipment prices are coming down and with the new generations of mobile phones developers believe that the time when the player technology is ubiquitous might be near. And if you ask nicely HP will lend out sets of equipment for teaching or events , fantastic if you are working within reach of Bristol. See also http://www.createascape.org.uk/ which has advice and examples of how mscape software has been used for teaching children. Sample Syllabus public geography: making memoryscapes This course unit could be adapted to different disciplines, or offered as a multidisciplinary unit to students from different disciplines. It gives students a grounding in several multi-media techniques and may require support/tuition from technical staff. 1.,Introduction What is a located mediascape, now and in the future? Use examples from resources above. 2.,Cultural geographies of site-specific art and sound Theories of place; experiments in mapping and site-specific performance. 3.,Walk activity: Westergard Hildekamp , sound walk, or one of the trails mentioned above The best way , and perhaps the only way , to really appreciate located media is to try one in the location they have been designed to be experienced. I would strongly advise any teaching in this field to include outdoor, on-site experiences. Even if you are out of reach of a mediascape experience, taking students on a sound walk can happen anywhere. See Autumn Leaves reference above. 4.,Researching local history An introduction to discovering historical information about places could be held at a local archive and a talk given by the archivist. 5.,Creating located multimedia using Google maps/Google earth A practical exercise-based session going through the basics of navigating Google maps, creating points and routes, and how to link pictures and sound files. 6.,Recording sound and oral history interviews A practical introduction to the techniques of qualitative interviewing and sound recording. There are lots of useful online guides to oral history recording, for example, an online oral history primer http://www.nebraskahistory.org/lib-arch/research/audiovis/oral_history/index.htm; a more in depth guide to various aspects of oral history http://www.baylor.edu/oral%5fhistory/index.php?id=23566 or this simple oral history toolkit, with useful links to project in the North of England http://www.oralhistorynortheast.info/toolkit/chapter1.htm 7.,Sound editing skills Practical editing techniques including working with clips, editing sound and creating multi-track recordings. The freeware software Audacity is simple to use and there are a lot of online tutorials that cover the basics, for example, http://www.wikieducator.org/user:brentsimpson/collections/audacity_workshop 8.,Web page design and Google maps How to create a basic web page (placing pictures, text, hyperlinks, buttons) using design software (e.g. Dreamweaver). How to embed a Google map and add information points and routes. There is a great deal of online tutorials for web design, specific to the software you wish to use and Google maps can be used and embedded on websites free for non-profit use. http://maps.google.com/ 9,and 10. Individual or group project work (staff available for technical support) 11.,Presentations/reflection on practice Focus Questions 1What can sound tell us about the geographies of places? 2When you walk through a landscape, what traces of the past can be sensed? Now think about which elements of the past have been obliterated? Whose past has been silenced? Why? How could it be put back? 3Think of a personal or family story that is significant to you. In your imagination, locate the memory at a specific place. Tell a fellow student that story, and describe that place. Does it matter where it happened? How has thinking about that place made you feel? 4What happens when you present a memory of the past or a located vision of the future in a present landscape? How is this different to, say, writing about it in a book? 5Consider the area of this campus, or the streets immediately surrounding this building. Imagine this place in one of the following periods (each group picks one): ,,10,000 years ago ,,500 years ago ,,100 years ago ,,40 years ago ,,last Thursday ,,50 years time What sounds, voices, stories or images could help convey your interpretation of this place at that time? What would the visitor hear or see today at different points on a trail? Sketch out an outline map of a located media trail, and annotate with what you hear/see/sense at different places. Project Idea small group project: creating a located mediascape Each small group must create a located media experience, reflecting an aspect of the history/geography/culture of an area of their choosing, using the knowledge that they have acquired over the course of the semester. The experience may be as creative and imaginative as you wish, and may explore the past, present or future , or elements of each. Each group must: ,,identify an area of interest ,,research an aspect of the area of the groups choosing; this may involve visiting local archives, libraries, discussing the idea with local people, physically exploring the area ,,take photographs, video or decide on imagery (if necessary) ,,record sound, conduct interviews or script and record narration ,,design a route or matrix of media points The final project must be presented on a website, may embed Google maps, and a presentation created to allow the class to experience the mediascape (either in the classroom or on location, if convenient). The website should include a brief theoretical and methodological explanation of the basis of their interpretation. If the group cannot be supported with tuition and support in basic website design or using Google mapping with sound and imagery, a paper map with locations and a CD containing sound files/images might be submitted instead. For examples of web projects created by masters degree students of cultural geography at Royal Holloway (not all sound based) see http://www.gg.rhul.ac.uk/MA/web-projects.html [source] Piety and Profession: American Protestant Theological Education, 1870,1970 by Glenn T. MillerHISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2009BRADLEY J. LONGFIELD First page of article [source] Changing the atmosphere: expert knowledge and environmental governance, edited by Clark Miller and Paul Edwards, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, Issue 11 2002No. of pages xii + 385. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Flame structure and NO emissions in gas combustion of low calorific heating valueINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 15 2003Jeong Park Abstract Numerical study on addition effects of CO and CO2 in fuel side (H2/Ar) on flame structure and NO emission behaviour in counterflow diffusion flame has been conducted with detailed chemistry to fundamentally understand gas combustion of low calorific heating value. A modified Miller,Bowman reaction scheme including a complementary C2 -reaction subset is adopted. The radiative heat loss term, which is based on an optically thin model and it especially important at low strain rates, is included to cover the importance of the temperature dependence on NO emission. Special interest is taken to estimate the roles of added CO and CO2 in fuel side on flame structure and NO emission characteristics. Increasing CO concentration in fuel side contributes to the enhancement of combustion due to the increase effect of the concentration of reactive species. The increase of added CO2 concentration in fuel side suppresses overall reaction rate due to the high heat capacity. It is seen that chemical effects due to the breakdown of added CO2 in fuel side make C2 -branch chemical species be remarkably formed and the prevailing contribution of prompt NO is a direct outcome of these effects. It is found that in the combined forms of H2/CO/CO2/Ar fuels the effects of added CO and CO2 concentrations in fuel side compete contrarily to each other in NO emission behaviour. Particularly the role of added CO is stressed in the side of restraining prompt NO. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Thermal and chemical contributions of added H2O and CO2 to major flame structures and NO emission characteristics in H2/N2 laminar diffusion flameINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 12 2002Seung-Gon Kim Abstract Numerical simulation with detailed chemistry has been carried out to clearly discriminate the thermal and chemical contributions of added diluents (H2O and CO2) to major flame structures and NO emission characteristics in H2/N2 counterflow diffusion flame. The pertinence of GRI, Miller,Bowman, and their recent modified mechanisms are estimated for the combined fuel of H2, CO2, and N2. A virtual species X, which displaces the individual CO2 and H2O in the fuel sides, is introduced to separate chemical effects from thermal effects. In the case of H2O addition the chain branching reaction, H + O2 , O + OH is considerably augmented in comparison with that in the case of CO2 addition. It is also seen that there exists a chemically super-adiabatic effect in flame temperature due to the breakdown of H2O. The reaction path of CH2O,CH2OH,CH3 and the C1-branch reactions become predominant due to the breakdown of CO2. In NO emission behaviour super-equilibrium effects caused by the surplus chain carrier radicals due to the breakdown of added H2O are more superior to the enhanced effects of prompt NO with the breakdown of added CO2. Especially, it is noted that thermal NO emission is directly influenced by the chemical super-equilibrium effects of chain carrier radicals in the case of H2O addition. As a result the overall NO emission in the case of the addition of H2O is higher than that in the case of CO2 addition. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A reexamination of corporate risks under shadow costs of incomplete informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE & ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2001Mondher Bellalah G3; G31; G32; G33 Abstract The valuation of the firm and its assets has been done for a long time in the classic context of complete information. Several empirical tests of the main valuation methods reveal a divergence between theoretical prices and observed prices. These deviations might be explained by the standard assumptions of complete information. It is possible to introduce information uncertainty as done by Merton and by Bellalah in the reexamination of corporate risks in the presence of information costs. The concept of risk is useful in modelling the value of the firm and its business risk and in the definition of the required rates of return and the cost of capital of corporations. However, the main well-known results ignore information uncertainty as defined by Merton. Using the main results from the study of Modigliani and Miller and the implications of Merton's model, we give expressions for the cost of capital and the value of the firm's equity and debt in the presence of information costs. We reexamine the relationships between interrelated risks in the same context. We introduce information costs in the computation of the cost of capital and in the pricing of equity in an option framework. When there are no information costs, the main relationships reduce to the classic results in the literature. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Distributed Gaussian discrete variable representationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2005Hasan Karabulut Abstract A discrete variable representation (DVR) made from distributed Gaussians gn(x) = e, (n = ,,, ,, ,) and its infinite grid limit is described. The infinite grid limit of the distributed Gaussian DVR (DGDVR) reduces to the sinc function DVR of Colbert and Miller in the limit c , 0. The numerical performance of both finite and infinite grid DGDVRs and the sinc function DVR is compared. If a small number of quadrature points are taken, the finite grid DGDVR performs much better than both infinite grid DGDVR and sinc function DVR. The infinite grid DVRs lose accuracy due to the truncation error. In contrast, the sinc function DVR is found to be superior to both finite and infinite grid DGDVRs if enough grid points are taken to eliminate the truncation error. In particular, the accuracy of DGDVRs does not get better than some limit when the distance between Gaussians d goes to zero with fixed c, whereas the accuracy of the sinc function DVR improves very quickly as d becomes smaller, and the results are exact in the limit d , 0. An analysis of the performance of distributed basis functions to represent a given function is presented in a recent publication. With this analysis, we explain why the sinc function DVR performs better than the infinite grid DGDVR. The analysis also traces the inability of Gaussians to yield exact results in the limit d , 0 to the incompleteness of this basis in this limit. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005 [source] A Power-Control Theory of Gender and ReligiosityJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 2 2009Jessica L. Collett The fact that women are more religious than men is one of the most consistent findings in the sociology of religion. Miller and Stark (2002) propose that a gender difference in risk preference of physiological origin might explain this phenomenon. While acknowledging the utility of their risk-preference mechanism, we believe that their assumption regarding the genesis of this difference is a premature concession to biology. Returning to Miller's original paper on gender, risk, and religiosity, we draw on power-control theory (PCT), developed in the work of John Hagan and colleagues, to introduce a plausible socialization account for these differences. We evaluate these claims using data from the General Social Survey. Women raised by high-socioeconomic status (SES) mothers are less religious than women raised by low-education mothers, but mother's SES has little effect on men's chances of being irreligious and father's SES has a negligible effect on the gender difference in religiosity. [source] 2007 Presidential Address: Singing and SolidarityJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 2 2008R. STEPHEN WARNER As the audience entered the hall, a large screen displayed the title of the talk from an overhead projector. On the dais, about three feet above the floor, was a lectern, and next to it an arrangement of eight chairs facing each other in a square formation, two on each side of the square, the sides at a 45 degree angle from the side of the platform. At the appointed time, SSSR past-president Donald Miller climbed the steps to the lectern to introduce the speaker, Stephen Warner. When he had completed that task, Warner came forward to the lectern and a woman later identified as his wife, Anne Heider, began working the projector. A few minutes into the address, at Warner's cue, she and six others joined him on the dais, taking seats in the arrangement of chairs, from which position, facing each other with Warner standing facing toward them, they sang a song, as described below. When they were finished, they left the dais, and the rest of the address proceeded in a conventional manner. Prior to this singing demonstration, the address itself began as follows. [source] Taxes, Leverage, and the Cost of Equity CapitalJOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 4 2006DAN DHALIWAL ABSTRACT We examine the associations among leverage, corporate and investor level taxes, and the firm's implied cost of equity capital. Expanding on Modigliani and Miller [1958, 1963], the cost of equity capital can be expressed as a function of leverage and corporate and investor level taxes. Based on this expression, we predict that the cost of equity is increasing in leverage, and that corporate taxes mitigate this leverage-related risk premium, while the personal tax disadvantage of debt increases this premium. We empirically test these predictions using implied cost of equity estimates and proxies for the firm's corporate tax rate and the personal tax disadvantage of debt. Our results suggest that the equity risk premium associated with leverage is decreasing in the corporate tax benefit from debt. We find some evidence that the equity risk premium from leverage is increasing in the personal tax penalty associated with debt. [source] Transformations for monoclinic crystal symmetry in texture analysisJOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2009Siegfried Matthies Monoclinic crystals can be described in two settings: in the first setting the C2 rotation axis is parallel to the z axis and in the second setting it is parallel to the y axis. Transformations of lattice parameters, Miller and zone indices, and atomic coordinates is straightforward; the situation is far more complex for texture analysis with orientation distributions and corresponding representations. This article gives explicit transformations that need to be applied, not only for texture analysis but also for calculations of physical properties of materials with preferred orientation. In texture research the relationship between the Cartesian crystal coordinate system and the unit cell must be unambiguously defined and a uniform convention is desirable. [source] Qualitative and quantitative responses of Diabroticina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to cucurbit extracts linked to species, sex, weather and deployment methodJOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2008G. Cabrera Walsh Abstract Toxic baits and traps for Diabroticina, based on bitter cucurbit extracts, have been utilized for a number of years with inconsistent results. Four species of bitter Cucurbitaceae were compared in the field for their attractancy to species of Diabroticina in Argentina and the United States. The comparisons were made with polyester fabrics treated with known volumes of different cucurbit extracts, against a standard cucurbit extract of bitter Hawkesbury watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai). The factors evaluated were: the attractancy of the different extracts in terms of beetle numbers, species and sex of the Diabroticina caught; influence of different fabrics on such attraction; and influence of several weather variables on the catches. The most attractive species was Cayaponia bonariensis (Miller) Martinez Crovetto, however, practical considerations indicated that Cucumis myriocarpus Naudin and Hawkesbury watermelon may be better choices from the commercial perspective. No single weather factor could explain the catches throughout the sample range, but different temperature and barometric pressure ranges provided some predictive value. Although the susceptibility to weather conditions and a strong male dominance in the catches raise the question of the usefulness of cucurbitacins as the main component in toxic baits or traps, these drawbacks may prove to be less important in widespread bait applications and Diabroticina management in vegetable crops. [source] Observations on feed size and capture success in the larval butterfly splitfin (Ameca splendens Miller & Fitzsimons, 1971, Pisces: Goodeidae) reared on zooplanktonJOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 3 2007F. Peña-Aguado Summary In this study, we quantified the feeding behaviour (encounter, attack, capture. and ingestion) of larval A. splendens on micro-crustacean prey [cladocerans: Alona rectangula, Simocephalus vetulus (separately neonates and adults), Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia pulex (juveniles), Moina macrocopa and ostracods: Heterocypris incongruens]. Although we initially (first 4 weeks) offered rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus and B. patulus), they were not consumed by the larvae and hence observations with these prey were discontinued. Feeding behaviour was observed during the first 10 weeks. Fifteen observations were made with each prey species (seven diets × four replicates). Experiments were conducted in 50 ml transparent containers with 20 ml fish-conditioned water into which one fry was introduced. Before introducing the fish, 20 individuals of a given cladoceran prey species or 50 individuals of a rotifer prey species were introduced. Until the fourth week, we used 20 ml of medium and thereafter 30 ml, but the prey density used remained constant (1 ind. ml,1). Observations (10 min per fry per cladoceran replicate) were taken under a stereomicroscope (20×) for the first 2 weeks and later with a lamp and a magnifying lens. The number of encounters (E), attacks (A), captures (C) and ingestions (I) were recorded. During the study period, there was a 60% increase in gape size but only a 30% increase in body length. The number of encounters of larval A. splendens was highest (192) on M. macrocopa and lowest (29) on ostracods and adult S. vetulus (59). The inverse relationship between capture success and prey size was more pronounced during the latter half of the study period. Compared with all the other prey types offered, A. splendens fed maximally on M. macrocopa, which therefore could be a suitable diet for the larval rearing of this fish species. [source] The Indochinese,Sundaic zoogeographic transition: a description and analysis of terrestrial mammal species distributionsJOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2009David S. Woodruff Abstract Aim, We describe the distributions of mammal species between the Indochinese and Sundaic subregions and examine the traditional view that the two faunas show a transition near the Isthmus of Kra on the Thai,Malay peninsula. Location, Species distributions are described along a 2000-km transect from 20° N (northernmost Thailand) to 1° N (Singapore). Methods, For the 325 species of native non-marine mammals occurring along the transect we used published records to provide a database of their distributional records by degree of latitude. Results, Along the transect we found 128 Indochinese species with southern range limits, 121 Sundaic species with northern range limits, four un-assignable endemics and 72 widespread species. In total, 152 southern and 147 northern range limits were identified, and their distribution provides no evidence for a narrow faunal transition near the Isthmus of Kra (10°30, N) or elsewhere. Range limits of both bats and non-volant mammals cluster in northernmost peninsular Malaysia (5° N) and 800 km further north, where the peninsula joins the continent proper (14° N). The clusters of northern and southern range limits are not concordant but overlap by 100,200 km. Similarly, the range limits of bats and non-volant mammals cluster at slightly different latitudes. There are 30% fewer species and range limits in the central and northern peninsula (between 6 and 13° N), and 35 more widely distributed species have range gaps in this region. In addition, we found 70 fewer species at the southern tip of the peninsula (1° N) than at 3,4° N. Main conclusions, The deficiencies of both species and species range limits in the central and northern peninsula are attributed to an area effect caused by repeated sea-level changes. Using a new global glacioeustatic curve developed by Miller and associates we show that there were > 58 rapid sea-level rises of > 40 m in the last 5 Myr that would have resulted in significant faunal compression and local population extirpation in the narrow central and northern parts of the peninsula. This new global sea-level curve appears to account for the observed patterns of the latitudinal diversity of mammal species, the concentration of species range limits north and south of this area, the nature and position of the transition between biogeographical subregions, and possibly the divergence of the faunas themselves during the Neogene. The decline of species diversity at the southern end of the transect is attributed to a peninsula effect similar to that described elsewhere. [source] Divergence of Opinion and Post-Acquisition PerformanceJOURNAL OF BUSINESS FINANCE & ACCOUNTING, Issue 3-4 2007George Alexandridis Abstract:, We examine the relation between divergence of opinion about the value of the acquiring firm in the pre-acquisition announcement period and post-acquisition stock returns. We find that acquirers subject to high opinion dispersion earn lower future returns than acquirers subject to low dispersion. It appears that, on average, only acquirers in the high divergence of opinion subset experience significant negative post-event abnormal returns. In the spirit of Miller (1977), such evidence implies that high pre-event investor disagreement leads to systematic overpricing of acquirers that manifests itself through long-run underperformance of their stock. The documented misvaluation persists irrespective of the opinion divergence proxy and performance evaluation method used and after controlling for several common deal and acquirer characteristics. [source] Bilaminar techniques for the treatment of recession-type defects.JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2003A comparative clinical study Abstract Objectives: Complete root coverage is the primary objective to be accomplished when treating gingival recessions in patients with aesthetic demands. Furthermore, in order to satisfy patient demands fully, root coverage should be accomplished by soft tissue, the thickness and colour of which should not be distinguishable from those of adjacent soft tissue. The aim of the present split-mouth study was to compare the treatment outcome of two surgical approaches of the bilaminar procedure in terms of (i) root coverage and (ii) aesthetic appearance of the surgically treated sites. Material and Methods: Fifteen young systemically and periodontally healthy subjects with two recession-type defects of similar depth affecting contralateral teeth in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla were enrolled in the study. All recessions fall into Miller class I or II. Randomization for test and control treatment was performed by coin toss immediately prior to surgery. All defects were treated with a bilaminar surgical technique: differences between test and control sites resided in the size, thickness and positioning of the connective tissue graft. The clinical re-evaluation was made 1 year after surgery. Results: The two bilaminar techniques resulted in a high percentage of root coverage (97.3% in the test and 94.7% in the control group) and complete root coverage (gingival margin at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)) (86.7% in the test and 80% in the control teeth), with no statistically significant difference between them. Conversely, better aesthetic outcome and post-operative course were indicated by the patients for test compared to control sites. Conclusions: The proposed modification of the bilaminar technique improved the aesthetic outcome. The reduced size and minimal thickness of connective tissue graft, together with its positioning apical to the CEJ, facilitated graft coverage by means of the coronally advanced flap. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die vollständige Deckung der Wurzeloberfläche ist das primäre Ziel, das bei der Therapie von fazialen Rezessionen bei Patienten mit ästhetischen Ansprüchen erreicht werden soll. Weiterhin sollte die Rezessionsdeckung, wenn sie den Ansprüchen des Patienten vollends entsprechen soll, mit einer Dicke und Farbe der Gingiva erreicht werden, die nicht vom benachbarten Gewebe zu unterscheiden sind. Zielsetzung: Vergleich der Therapieergebnisse von 2 chirurgischen Varianten der zweischichtigen Technik im Halbseitenversuch hinsichtlich (1) Rezessionsdeckung und (2) ästhetischer Erscheinung der chirurgisch behandelten Stellen. Material und Methoden: 15 junge und parodontal gesunde Personen mit jeweils 2 Rezessionsdefekten ähnlicher Größe an kontralateralen Zähnen im ästhetischen Bereich des Oberkiefers wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Alle Rezessionen gehörten in die Miller-Klassen I oder II. Die Randomisierung für die Test- und Kontrollbehandlung erfolgte unmittelbar präoperativ durch Münzwurf. Alle Defekte wurden nach einer zweischichtigen chirurgischen Technik behandelt: Die Unterschiede zwischen Test- und Kontrollstellen bestanden in Größe, Dicke und Positionierung des Bindegewebstransplantates. Die klinische Nachuntersuchung erfolgte 1 Jahr postoperativ. Ergebnisse: Beide zweischichtigen Techniken führten zu einem hohen Prozentsatz von Wurzeldeckung (Test: 97,3%; Kontrolle: 94,7%) und kompletter Wurzeldeckung (Gingivarand an der Schmelz-Zement-Grenze [SZG]) (Test: 86,7%; Kontrolle: 80%) ohne statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen. Allerdings wurden mit der Testtherapie bessere ästhetische Ergebnisse erzielt als mit der Kontrollbehandlung. Schlussfolgerung: Die vorgestellte Modifikation der zweischichtigen Technik verbesserte die ästhetischen Ergebnisse. Die reduzierte Größe und minimale Dicke des Bindegewebstransplantates zusammen mit seiner Positionierung apikal der SZG erleichterten eine Deckung mittels eines koronalen Verschiebelappens. Résumé Objectif: Un recouvrement complet de la racine est le premier objectif lorsque l'on traite des récessions gingivales chez les patients ayant une demande esthétique. De plus, afin de satisfaire totalement la demande du patient, cette couverture radiculaire doit aussi être réalisé par des tissus mous de couleur et d'épaisseur qui ne se distinguent pas des tissus mous adjacents. Le but de cette étude en bouche séparée était de comparer le devenir de deux approches chirurgicales de la technique bilaminaire pour (i) le recouvrement de la racine et (ii) l'apparence esthétique des sites traités chirurgicalement. Matériel et Méthodes: 15 sujets jeunes et indemnes de maladie parodontale et systèmique présentant deux récessions de profondeur similaires sur des dents contralatérales dans des zones esthétiques du maxillaire furent enrollés dans cette étude. Toutes les récessions étaient des classes I ou II de Miller. La répartition pour les traitements test ou contrôle fut tirée à pile ou face juste avant la chirurgie. Toutes les lésions furent traitées par la technique bilaminaire, la différence entre les groupes résidant dans la taille, l'épaisseur et le positionnement du greffon de tissus conjonctif. La réévaluation clinique fut faite un an après la chirurgie. Résultats: Les deux techniques bilaminaires ont entrainé un fort pourcentage de recouvrement radiculaire (97.3% pour le groupe test et 94.7% pour le groupe contrôle) et le recouvrement complet (gencive marginale au niveau de la CEJ) (86.7% dans le groupe test et 80% pour le groupe contrôle) sans différence statistiquement significative entre elles. Par contre, un meilleur rendu esthétique et suites post opératoires furent rapportés par les patients pour le traitement test. Conclusions: La modification proposée de cette technique bilaminaire améliore le devenir esthétique. La taille réduite et l'épaisseur minimale greffon conjonctif et son positionnement apical au CEJ, ont facilité le recouvrement du greffon par le lambeau déplacé coronairement. [source] Addendum to Buteler, Weaver & Miller, AFE, 10, 347-354.AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Article first published online: 15 DEC 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Longue Durée of Racial Fixity and the Transformative Conjunctures of Racial BlendingJOURNAL OF LATIN AMERICAN & CARIBBEAN ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Norman E. WhittenArticle first published online: 28 JUN 200 The new human beings of the modern world,español, indio, negro, mestizo, mulato, sambo,were born out of the same upheaval that made "nations," "bureaucrats," "slavers," "global merchants," and "colonies." It was the modern world's signature to etch economic dominance and political supremacy into a radical cultural design. It was also its signature to hide the social relations that were brewing supremacy and conflict behind a semblance of "race things". Irene Silverblatt (2004:5) As tends to happen with martyrs and saints, any undercurrent of doubt is usually excised from the biographies of key figures associated with the defense of Latin America's unique mesticity. Marilyn Grace Miller (2004:14) [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||