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Millennium
Kinds of Millennium Terms modified by Millennium Selected AbstractsISTANBUL'S BOSTANS: A MILLENNIUM OF MARKET GARDENS,GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2004PAUL J. KALDJIAN ABSTRACT. For centuries, a network of market gardens throughout Istanbul provisioned the city with fresh vegetables. These bostans and their gardeners held a respected place in Istanbul life, contributing to the city's food and employment needs. Today, only fragments remain. Massive urban development, intense competition for metropolitan space, modernization, changing institutions and laws, and the global industrialization of food have threatened this tradition with extinction. But in spite of the overwhelming forces behind their demise, some of Istanbul's bostans persist. Efforts to support and promote the gardens, and to draw from the expertise and experience of their gardeners, are emerging. From a historical perspective, this article examines Istanbul's bostans to understand their meaning and contribution to the city's people and landscape. [source] FAITH AND REASON: FRIENDS OR FOES IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM?NEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1008 2006$32 pbk., ATF Press, Adelaide, Edited by Anthony Fisher OP, Hayden Ramsay, pp. xxiv + 38 No abstract is available for this article. [source] EXCITATION,CONTRACTION COUPLING FROM THE 1950s INTO THE NEW MILLENNIUMCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 9 2006AF Dulhunty SUMMARY 1Excitation,contraction coupling is broadly defined as the process linking the action potential to contraction in striated muscle or, more narrowly, as the process coupling surface membrane depolarization to Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 2We now know that excitation,contraction coupling depends on a macromolecular protein complex or ,calcium release unit'. The complex extends the extracellular space within the transverse tubule invaginations of the surface membrane, across the transverse tubule membrane into the cytoplasm and then across the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 3The central element of the macromolecular complex is the ryanodine receptor calcium release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. The ryanodine receptor has recruited a surface membrane L-type calcium channel as a ,voltage sensor' to detect the action potential and the calcium-binding protein calsequestrin to detect in the environment within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Consequently, the calcium release channel is able to respond to surface depolarization in a manner that depends on the Ca2+ load within the calcium store. 4The molecular components of the ,calcium release unit' are the same in skeletal and cardiac muscle. However, the mechanism of excitation,contraction coupling is different. The signal from the voltage sensor to ryanodine receptor is chemical in the heart, depending on an influx of external Ca2+ through the surface calcium channel. In contrast, conformational coupling links the voltage sensor and the ryanodine receptor in skeletal muscle. 5Our current understanding of this amazingly efficient molecular signal transduction machine has evolved over the past 50 years. None of the proteins had been identified in the 1950s; indeed, there was debate about whether the molecules involved were, in fact, protein. Nevertheless, a multitude of questions about the molecular interactions and structures of the proteins and their interaction sites remain to be answered and provide a challenge for the next 50 years. [source] The Global Universal Caregiver: Imagining Women's Liberation in the New MillenniumCONSTELLATIONS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRITICAL AND DEMOCRATIC THEORY, Issue 3 2005Allison Weir First page of article [source] The Wealth of Nations at the Turn of the Millennium: A Classification System Based on the International Division of Labor,ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2002Wolfgang Hoeschele Abstract: Simple dichotomies, such as First World,Third World, developed,developing countries, and north,south, are no longer adequate for understanding the complex economic geography of the world. Even the division into core, semi-periphery, and periphery groups diverse economies into an excessively limited number of categories. It is time to develop a new scheme that better classifies the countries of the world into coherent groups. This article constructs a new classification based on the international division of labor, using three fundamental dimensions. The first dimension is the success of the industrial and services economy in providing employment to the people within a country. The second is the export orientation of a country, concentrating either on natural-resource-intensive products (e.g., agricultural produce, food and beverages, minerals and metals) or on core industrial manufactures (from textiles to computers). The third is the presence of control functions in the world economy: countries that include the headquarters of major firms and are the source regions of major flows of foreign direct investments. The combination of these three dimensions leads to the creation of eight basic categories. I introduce a terminology that combines these basic categories into larger groups, depending on the context. This new conceptual scheme should facilitate a more informed analysis of world economic, political, social, and environmental affairs. [source] Book Reviews: Nothing is Sacred: Economic Ideas for the New MillenniumECONOMICA, Issue 281 2004Article first published online: 6 MAY 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Introduction: Philosophy of Education in the Nordic Countries at the Turn of the MillenniumEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2006Jan Bengtsson First page of article [source] Reflections on Family and Consumer Sciences Research at the End of the Millennium: An Introduction and Editorial NoteFAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 2 2001Wendy L. Way Editor No abstract is available for this article. [source] Evidence for a second western Palaearctic seabird extinction during the last Millennium: the Lava Shearwater Puffinus olsoniIBIS, Issue 1 2008J. C. RANDO First page of article [source] Rule based processing of the CD4000, CD3200 and CD Sapphire analyser output using the Cerner Discern Expert ModuleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2009P. BURGESS Summary The latest version of our Laboratory Information System haematology laboratory expert system that handles the output of Abbott Cell-Dyn Sapphires, CD4000s and a CD3200 full blood count analyser in three high-volume haematology laboratories is described. The three hospital laboratories use Cerner Millennium Version 2007.02 software and the expert system uses Cerner Millennium Discern Expert rules and some small Cerner Command Language in-house programs. The entire expert system is totally integrated with the area-wide database and has been built and maintained by haematology staff members, as has the haematology database. Using patient demographic data, analyser numeric results, analyser error and morphology flags and previous results for the patient, this expert system decides whether to validate the main full blood count indices and white cell differential, or if the analyser results warrant further operator intervention/investigation before verifying, whether a blood film is required for microscopic review and if abnormal results require phoning to the staff treating the patient. The principles of this expert system can be generalized to different haematology analysers and haematology laboratories that have different workflows and different software. [source] Personality and Performance at the Beginning of the New Millennium: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go Next?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT, Issue 1-2 2001Murray R. Barrick As we begin the new millennium, it is an appropriate time to examine what we have learned about personality-performance relationships over the past century and to embark on new directions for research. In this study we quantitatively summarize the results of 15 prior meta-analytic studies that have investigated the relationship between the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and job performance. Results support the previous findings that conscientiousness is a valid predictor across performance measures in all occupations studied. Emotional stability was also found to be a generalizable predictor when overall work performance was the criterion, but its relationship to specific performance criteria and occupations was less consistent than was conscientiousness. Though the other three Big Five traits (extraversion, openness and agreeableness) did not predict overall work performance, they did predict success in specific occupations or relate to specific criteria. The studies upon which these results are based comprise most of the research that has been conducted on this topic in the past century. Consequently, we call for a moratorium on meta-analytic studies of the type reviewed in our study and recommend that researchers embark on a new research agenda designed to further our understanding of personality-performance linkages. [source] Personnel Selection at the Beginning of the New MillenniumINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT, Issue 4 2000Jesús F. Salgado No abstract is available for this article. [source] ICT Statistics at the New Millennium,Developing Official Statistics,Measuring the Diffusion of ICT and its ImpactINTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2003Heli Jeskanen-Sundström Summary The paper gives a short and very rough overview of the ongoing work in the field of statistics relating to the development of information and communication technology (ICT) and its impacts on the economies and on the society as a whole. It introduces three slightly different approaches with different emphasis on describing the emergence and diffusion of ICT and the respective economic and social change. These are termed the indicators approach, the new economy approach and the intellectual capital approach. The paper also discusses the basic requirements for the establishment of a new statistical system, as well as the present obstacles and problems of this work. Finally, some remarks are presented regarding further statistical co-operation in this field. Résumé Cet exposé donne un aperçu court et très approximatif du travail en cours dans le domaine de la statistique concernant le développement de la technologie de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et ses effets sur les économies et la société dans son ensemble. II propose trois approches un peu différentes, avec une accentuation distincte, sur la description de l'émergence et la diffusion de la TIC et le changement économique and social respectif. Celles-ci sont nommées l'approche des indicateurs, l'approche de la nouvelle économie et l'approché du capital intellectuel. Cet exposé traite également des conditions de base nécessaires pour la création d'un nouveau système statistique ainsi que des obstacles et des problèmes actuellement rencontrés dans ce travail. Enfin, l'exposé présente quelques remarques sur la coopération statistique future dans ce domaine. [source] Because People Matter: Studying Global Political EconomyINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 4 2001Ronnie D. Lipschutz The 1990s were hard on our traditional theories of International Relations and International Political Economy, and the Millennium has brought the End of Meta-Narrative as We Know It. In this article, I discuss and dissect three of the past decade's meta-narratives, and show how they were no more than failed efforts to shore up the decomposing corpus of mainstream theories. In their stead, I offer a preliminary description of a contextual and contingent approach to thinking about and analyzing global political economy. I place people at the center of my framework, and use the tools of historical materialism, feminist theory, and agency-structure analysis to generate an understanding of the relationship between what I call the "social individual" and global politics and political economy. [source] Visions of International Studies in a New MillenniumINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 1 2000Mark A. Boyer [source] JAGS Enters the New Millennium: Direction, Decision, Determination, Dedication, and DistinctionJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 1 2001Thomas T. Yoshikawa MD Editor [source] Intellectuals and African development: Pretension and resistance in African politics by Bjorn Beckman & Gbemisola Adeoti (eds). (Codesria: Africa In the New Millennium, London: Zed Books, 2006)JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 5 2009Nic Cheeseman No abstract is available for this article. [source] Making Welfare Work: Reconstructing Welfare for the Millennium, by Frank FieldJOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2002Lawrence M. Mead [source] Measuring the usage effects of tying a messenger to Windows: a treatment effect approachJOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY: SERIES A (STATISTICS IN SOCIETY), Issue 1 2010Myoung-jae Lee Summary., The US case on tying Microsoft Internet Explorer to Windows has received much attention. In Europe, a similar case of tying the Microsoft media player to Windows appeared. Recently in Korea, another similar case of tying a Microsoft messenger to Windows occurred. In the messenger tying case (as well as in the other tying cases), Microsoft's main defence seems to be threefold: tying enhances efficiency, the Microsoft product is better or better marketed and tying is inconsequential because the user can easily download free competing products. The paper empirically addresses the third point. Korean data, used as evidence in the trial of the case, reveal that tying the Microsoft messenger to Windows increased the probability of choosing the Microsoft messenger as the main messenger by 22% for Windows Millennium and 35% for Windows XP. There is also evidence that tying shortened the duration until the Microsoft messenger is adopted by about 2,4 months, compared with the duration until the adoption of a competing messenger. Hence tying provided Microsoft with an almost instant non-trivial advantage in the messenger market ,race',the advantage derived from the dominant position in the operating system market. [source] The New Woman in the New Millennium: Recent Trends in Criticism of New Woman FictionLITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2006Ann Heilmann This essay offers an overview of the current state of criticism on New Woman fiction. Starting with a brief survey of the critical perspectives established in the last thirty years of the twentieth century, it moves to a more detailed discussion of three trends since the turn of the millennium. As I argue, critical literature since 2000 has explored the specifically ,feminine' aesthetic of New Woman writers, and scrutinized the racialist and imperialist roots of New Woman thought. The recent move away from an exclusive concentration on white Anglo-American New Women has allowed important new insights into the international, ethnically diverse aspects of this fin-de-siècle and early twentieth-century movement. [source] Two Unresolved Issues for the Third MillenniumNEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 962 2001Edward L. Krasevac OP First page of article [source] Students of the New MillenniumNEW DIRECTIONS FOR STUDENT SERVICES, Issue 92 2000Dudley B. Woodard Jr. The changing nature of students in higher education and the implications of this diversification for student affairs professionals are discussed. [source] Requiem for a MillenniumNEW PERSPECTIVES QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2000Carlos Fuentes No abstract is available for this article. [source] PAIN MEDICINE: A Pain Journal for the New MillenniumPAIN MEDICINE, Issue 1 2000Rollin M. Gallagher MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Europe at the MillenniumPOLITICS, Issue 2 2000Mary Kaldor This article argues that the future of the European project depends on the capacity to maintain security. It traces the link between security and political institutions in the case of nation states and, subsequently, blocs. The security of nation states and blocs was defined in terms of the defence of borders against an external enemy and the preservation of law and order within borders. Today, the distinction between internal and external has broken down; ,new wars' are a mixture of war, organised crime and violations of human rights. Security can only be maintained through the extension of law and order beyond borders , through enlargement, migration and citizenship policies, and effective humanitarian intervention. Any other approach could lead to a reversal of the process of integration. This type of security policy is likely to be associated with a very different type of polity. [source] Polymers in the Third MillenniumPOLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 11 2002Francois Schue Editor-in-Chief Polymer International No abstract is available for this article. [source] Polymers in the Third MillenniumPOLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 10 2002Francois Schue Editor-in-Chief Polymer International No abstract is available for this article. [source] Cardiac Exercise and Wellness: Approaches for the New MillenniumPREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 2 2000Richard A. Stein MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Wetland Restoration in the New Millennium: Do Research Efforts Match Opportunities?RESTORATION ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Kelly I. Wagner Abstract Of 311 papers on wetland restoration, only 15 concerned large-scale experimentation in restoration sites. Most papers described what happened, reported on small field experiments, or discussed restoration targets. While these are important topics, our opinion is that we lose significant opportunities to learn how to recover populations, community structure, and ecosystem processes, and we limit our ability to document variability and whole-system responses, when we do not experiment at large scales. We suggest that, wherever possible, large projects facilitate field tests of alternative restoration approaches. Furthermore, we encourage researchers to take advantage of major restoration efforts by conducting large field experiments, assessing multiple responses, and offering restoration guidance in an adaptive framework. [source] Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society1THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2000Manuel Castells ABSTRACT This article aims at proposing some elements for a grounded theory of the network society. The network society is the social structure characteristic of the Information Age, as tentatively identified by empirical, cross-cultural investigation. It permeates most societies in the world, in various cultural and institutional manifestations, as the industrial society characterized the social structure of both capitalism and statism for most of the twentieth century. Social structures are organized around relationships of production/consumption, power, and experience, whose spatio-temporal configurations constitute cultures. They are enacted, reproduced, and ultimately transformed by social actors, rooted in the social structure, yet freely engaging in conflictive social practices, with unpredictable outcomes. A fundamental feature of social structure in the Information Age is its reliance on networks as the key feature of social morphology. While networks are old forms of social organization, they are now empowered by new information/communication technologies, so that they become able to cope at the same time with flexible decentralization, and with focused decision-making. The article examines the specific interaction between network morphology and relationships of production/consumption, power, experience, and culture, in the historical making of the emerging social structure at the turn of the Millennium. 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