Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Mill
Kinds of Mill Terms modified by Mill Selected AbstractsLIPOXYGENASE ACTIVITY IN PRICKLY PEAR FRUIT (OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA [L.] MILL.JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2010CACTACEAE) ABSTRACT Prickly pear LOX activity was detected in the membrane fractions of the fruit extracts at various stages of ripening. LOX specific activity was very low in the fruit of wild plants at the green stage (0.49 ± 0.04) and increased with fruit ripening, more than doubling in the ripened fruit (1.22 ± 0.06). Moreover, it was not influenced by the cultivar, whereas it was considerably increased (13.3 ± 1.4) by agronomic processes to which prickly pear plants are submitted to improve the organoleptic properties of fruits. The apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 96 kDa. The enzyme had an optimum pH value of 5.5 and a clear specificity for linolenic acid, which was oxidized at a rate one and a half times that of linoleic acid, under the same reaction conditions. The involvement of prickly pear LOX in the flavor biosynthesis of the fruit is supposed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Over the last decade in particular, prickly pear fruits have been widely used as food, not only the whole fruit but also processed to make juices, jams and liquors popular the world over. Prickly pear production has therefore risen considerably and consequently both the labor force employed and revenues generated have increased. For those engaged in this sector it is therefore a prime objective to maximise the profile and thereby profitability of the fruit. It is here that our research into lipoxygenase activity can play a part, as it is known that this enzyme is responsible for the organoleptic properties of fruits and vegetables. The results are presented below. The relationship between lipoxygenase specific activity and specific agronomic processes utilized to improve the fruit quality is also addressed. [source] ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS IN PEEL AND PULP OF CHINESE JUJUBE (ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA MILL) FRUITSJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2009ZIPING XUE ABSTRACT Total phenolic contents in peel and pulp of the fruits of three Chinese jujube cultivars (Ziziphus jujuba cv. mayazao, Z. jujuba cv. dongzao and Z. jujuba cv. yuanzao) were determined. The antioxidant activities in peel and pulp of the jujube fruits were measured by different methods, including 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). The total phenolic content in peel was five to six times higher than that in the pulp of all the three cultivars. The phenolics contents in the jujube were different with cultivars. The EC50 (Concentration of lyophilized samples needed to decrease the initial DPPH radical concentration by 50%), FRAP and TEAC values of the peel and pulp were remarkably correlated to their total phenolic contents (R = ,0.922, R = 0.985 and R = 0.997, respectively). The results indicated that the high capacity of antioxidant of Chinese jujube fruit could be attributed to the high phenolic contents in the fruit. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS There was an expanding quest surrounding the use of antioxidant because they have the capacity to protect from the damage because of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. However, the safety of synthetic antioxidant was challenged. Much attention has been focused on the use of natural antioxidant. Interest in food phenolics had increased greatly because of their antioxidant and possible promoting-health role in human health. In this study, total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities in vitro of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill) peel and pulp were researched. The work would help to explore a natural antioxidant for possible application in food and dietary supplemental products for health promotion. [source] A SURVEY OF THE PREVALENCE OF SALMONELLA AND OTHER ENTERIC PATHOGENS IN A COMMERCIAL POULTRY FEED MILLJOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY, Issue 1 2003PAUL WHYTE ABSTRACT A study of the prevalences of Salmonella, Listeria and thermophilic campylobacters in a dedicated commercial poultry feed mill was undertaken. Salmonella was frequently recovered in samples taken in the preheat and postheat treatment areas of the mill with the overall percentage of samples positive found to be 18.8% and 22.6%, respectively. Feed ingredients and dust collected in the preheat treatment locations within the mill were frequently contaminated with Salmonella (11.8% and 33.3% of samples, respectively). High prevalences of Salmonella were also detected in dust samples (24.2%) obtained from the postheat treatment area of the mill and from feed delivery vehicles (57.1%). Listeria was also recovered from samples at pre- and postheat treatment areas within the mill with overall isolation rates of 14.1% and 18.5% observed, respectively. The most frequently observed species of Listeria recovered from samples in both areas within the mill was L. innocua, L. monocytogenes, L. grayi and L. welshimeri. No thermophilic campylobacters were recovered from any of the samples analyzed in the current study. [source] Comparative genomics of the Mill family: a rapidly evolving MHC class,I gene familyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 6 2004Yutaka Watanabe Abstract Mill (MHC class,I-like located near the leukocyte receptor complex) is a novel family of class,I genes identified in mice that is most closely related to the human MICA/B family. In the present study, we isolated Mill cDNA from rats and carried out a comparative genomic analysis. Rats have two Mill genes orthologous to mouse Mill1 and Mill2 near the leukocyte receptor complex, with expression patterns similar to those of their mouse counterparts. Interspecies sequence comparison indicates that Mill is one of the most rapidly evolving class,I gene families and that non-synonymous substitutions occur more frequently than synonymous substitutions in its ,,1 domain, implicating the involvement of Mill in immune defenses. Interestingly, the ,,2 domain of rat Mill2 contains a premature stop codon in many inbred strains, indicating that Mill2 is not essential for survival. A computer search of the database identified a horse Mill -like expressed sequence tag, indicating that Mill emerged before the radiation of mammals. Hence, the failure to find Mill in human indicates strongly that it was lost from the human lineage. Our present work provides convincing evidence that Mill is akin to the MICA/B family, yet constitutes a distinctgene family. [source] The identity of Paeonia corsica Sieber ex Tausch (Paeoniaceae), with special reference to its relationship with P. mascula (L.) Mill.FEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 1-2 2006Hong De-Yuan The taxonomy of the genus Paeonia in central Mediterranean islands has been controversial, with number of recognized taxa changing greatly from one species without infraspecific division to three species or five infraspecific taxa in one species, and with the number of synonyms as great as 30. In the present work, the taxonomic history is thoroughly reviewed and a taxonomic revision is made based on extensive field work, chromosome observation, population sampling, examination of a large amount of herbarium specimens, and subsequent statistic analysis. As a result of the studies P. corsica Sieber ex Tausch, an ignored specific name, is restored at specific rank, and the species is found distinct from all the three subspecies of P. mascula in this region in having mostly nine (vs , 10) leaflets/segments, shorter hairs (1.5 mm vs 3 mm long) on carpels, rather densely holosericeous (vs glabrous or very sparsely hirsute) on the lower surface of leaves. It is a diploid, confined to Corsica France), Sardinia (Italy), Ionian Islands and Akarnania Province of Greece, whereas P. mascula is a tetraploid, widely distributed from Spain to Turkey and Iraq, but not in Corsica, Sardinia and W Greece. In addition, type specimens of four taxa are designated, and 29 botanic names are listed as synonyms of P. corsica in this paper. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) Die Identität von Paeonia corsica Sieber ex Tausch (Paeoniaceae), mit besonderem Bezug auf ihre Verwandtschaft mit P. mascula (L.) Mill. Die Taxonomie der Gattung Paeonia auf den zentralen Mittelmeerinseln ist stets kontrovers gewesen. Die Anzahl der Taxa wechselte zwischen einer Art ohne infraspezifische Differenzierung bis zu drei oder fünf infraspezifische Taxa innerhalb einer Art. Die Anzahl der Synonyme beträgt bis zu 30 Taxa. In vorliegender Arbeit wird die Geschichte der Taxonomie sorgfältig betrachtet und eine taxonomische Revision auf der Basis extensiver Feldstudien, Chromosomen-Bewertung, Sammlungen von Populationen, der Untersuchung zahlreicher Herbarproben und abschließender statistischer Analysen vorgenommen. Im Ergebnis dieser Untersuchungen wird Paeonia corsica Sieber ex Tausch, ein bislang unbeachteter Artname, erneut in den Rang einer Art erhoben. Diese in dieser Region gefundene Spezies wurde als verschieden von den drei Unterarten von Paeonia mascula befunden. Sie hat meist neun (, 10) Blättchen, kürzere Haare (1.5 mm vs 3 mm lang) auf dem Karpell dichtere holoserios (vs glabrous oder selten hirsut) auf der Blattunterseite. Paeoniacorsica ist diploid auf Korsika (Frankreich), Sardinien (Italien), den Ionischen Inseln und der Provinz Akarnania in Griechenland, während Paeonia mascula tetraploid ist und weit verbreitet von Spanien bis in die Türkei und den Irak, fehlt aber auf Korsika, Sardinien und in Westgriechenland. Außerdem werden Typspecimen für 4 Taxa festgelegt. Als Synonyme von P. corsica wurden 29 Namen aufgelistet. [source] Recovery of water-soluble constituents of rose oil using simultaneous distillation,extractionFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2005Mohammad H. Eikani Abstract Recovery of water-soluble constituents of rose oil from aqueous solutions using simultaneous distillation,extraction was studied. Experiments were carried out using a modified Likens,Nickerson apparatus. A preliminary study was first performed on aqueous 2-phenylethanol solutions. Using n -butyl acetate as the solvent, the effects of extraction time, solvent volume and solute concentration on recovery yields were investigated. The optimum experimental conditions obtained from the preliminary study were applied to extract rose oil constituents from actual aqueous solutions, such as rose water, second distillation water and residual water of Iranian rose (Rosa damascena Mill). The results show that a representative extract with recovery of the most valuable constituents of rose oil was carried out successfully. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Evidences of non-additive effects of multiple parasitoids on Diatraea saccharalis Fabr. (Lep., Crambidae) populations in sugarcane fields in BrazilJOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 2 2004M. N. Rossi Abstract: Biological control is a relatively benign method of pest control. However, considerable debate exists over whether multiple natural enemies often interact to produce additive or non-additive effects on their prey or host populations. Based on the large data set stored in the São João and Barra sugarcane mills (state of São Paulo, Brazil) regarding the programme of biological control of Diatraea saccharalis using the parasitoids Cotesia flavipes and tachinid flies, in the present study the author investigated whether the parasitoids released into sugarcane fields interfered significantly with the rate of parasitized D. saccharalis hosts. The author also observed whether there was an additive effect of releasing C. flavipes and tachinids on the rate of parasitized hosts, and looked for evidence of possible negative effects of the use of multiple parasitoid species in this biological control programme. Results showed that C. flavipes and the tachinids were concomitantly released in the Barra Mill, but not in the São Jão Mill. Furthermore, in the Barra Mill there was evidence that the parasitoids interacted because the percentage of parasitism did not increase after the release of either C. flavipes or tachinids. In the São João Mill, when both parasitoid species were released out of synchrony, both the percentage of parasitism by C. flavipes as well as that of the tachinids increased. When large numbers of tachinids were released in the Barra Mill, they caused a significant lower percentage of parasitism imposed by C. flavipes. The implications of the results as evidence of non-additive effects of C. flavipes plus tachinids on D. saccharalis populations are discussed. [source] A new spiroketal from Aspergillus terreus, an endophytic fungus in Opuntia ficusindica MillJOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Shao-Hua Wu Abstract A new spiroketal, named aspergiketal (1) was isolated from the culture broth of Aspergillus terreus, an endophytic fungus in the stems of the plant Opuntia ficusindica Mill., together with two known compounds, physcion (2) and asterric acid (3). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 2D-NMR techniques. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Critical Theorizing: Enhancing Theoretical Rigor in Family ResearchJOURNAL OF FAMILY THEORY & REVIEW, Issue 3 2009Stan J. Knapp Theory performs vital descriptive, sensitizing, integrative, explanatory, and value functions in the generation of knowledge about families. Yet theory and research can also simultaneously misconceive, desensitize, misdirect, misinterpret, and devalue. Overcoming the degenerative potentialities of theory and research requires attention to critical theorizing, a joint process of (a) critically examining the explicit and implicit assumptions of theory and research and (b) using dialogical theoretical practices. I draw upon the work of John Stuart Mill to argue that critical and dialogical theorizing is a vital and necessary practice in the production of understandings of family phenomena that are more fully scientific and empirical. A brief examination of behavioral research on marital interaction illustrates the importance of critical theorizing. [source] Genetic analysis of aquabirnaviruses isolated from wild fish reveals occurrence of natural reassortment of infectious pancreatic necrosis virusJOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 7 2009I Romero-Brey Abstract In this study, we report the sequencing of the whole genome [including the 5, and 3, non-coding regions (NCR) of both segments A and B] of seven birnavirus strains isolated from wild fish from the Flemish Cap (FC) fishery at Newfoundland, Canada. From analysis and comparison of the sequences, most of the FC isolates clustered with the North American reference strains West Buxton (WB), Dry Mill and Jasper. One strain was included in the same genotype as the European strain Ab. In addition, at least in one case cohabitation of both type strains in an individual fish was demonstrated. These results clearly suggest the acquisition of the viruses from two different sources. The prevalence of the American type is easily explained by the close proximity of this fishing bank to the American coast whereas, although surprising, the presence of the European type strain could be because of migration of fish from European waters. In one strain, segment A and B sequences were typed differently (WB and Ab, respectively). These findings indicate natural reassortment between two strains of aquabirnaviruses in a host. [source] ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS IN PEEL AND PULP OF CHINESE JUJUBE (ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA MILL) FRUITSJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2009ZIPING XUE ABSTRACT Total phenolic contents in peel and pulp of the fruits of three Chinese jujube cultivars (Ziziphus jujuba cv. mayazao, Z. jujuba cv. dongzao and Z. jujuba cv. yuanzao) were determined. The antioxidant activities in peel and pulp of the jujube fruits were measured by different methods, including 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). The total phenolic content in peel was five to six times higher than that in the pulp of all the three cultivars. The phenolics contents in the jujube were different with cultivars. The EC50 (Concentration of lyophilized samples needed to decrease the initial DPPH radical concentration by 50%), FRAP and TEAC values of the peel and pulp were remarkably correlated to their total phenolic contents (R = ,0.922, R = 0.985 and R = 0.997, respectively). The results indicated that the high capacity of antioxidant of Chinese jujube fruit could be attributed to the high phenolic contents in the fruit. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS There was an expanding quest surrounding the use of antioxidant because they have the capacity to protect from the damage because of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. However, the safety of synthetic antioxidant was challenged. Much attention has been focused on the use of natural antioxidant. Interest in food phenolics had increased greatly because of their antioxidant and possible promoting-health role in human health. In this study, total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities in vitro of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill) peel and pulp were researched. The work would help to explore a natural antioxidant for possible application in food and dietary supplemental products for health promotion. [source] Alan P. F. Sell: Mill on God: The Pervasiveness and Elusiveness of Mill's Religious ThoughtJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS HISTORY, Issue 2 2006Paul Crittenden No abstract is available for this article. [source] Théodule Ribot's ambiguous positivism: Philosophical and epistemological strategies in the founding of French scientific psychologyJOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 2004Vincent Guillin Théodule Ribot (1839,1916) is regarded by many historians of psychology as the "father" of the discipline in France. Ribot contributed to the development of a "new psychology" independent from philosophy, relying on the methods of the natural sciences. However, such an epistemological transition encountered fierce opposition from both the champions of the old-fashioned metaphysical psychology and the representatives of the "scientific spirit." This article focuses on the objections raised by the latter, and especially philosophers of science, against the possibility of a scientific psychology. For instance, according to Auguste Comte, psychology does not satisfy certain basic methodological requirements. To overcome these objections, Ribot, in his La Psychologie Anglaise Contemporaine (1870/1914), devised an epistemological strategy that amounted to invoking criticisms of Comte's views made by other representatives of the positivist school, such as John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Use of alginate or zein as edible coatings to delay postharvest ripening process and to maintain tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill) qualityJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 7 2008Pedro Javier Zapata Abstract BACKGROUND: Edible coatings could be effective tools for delaying the ripening process of fruits. Alginate or zein as edible coatings were assayed in tomato in order to maintain parameters related to quality during postharvest storage. RESULTS: Coated tomatoes showed lower respiration rate and ethylene production than control ones, with a twofold lower concentration of ethylene precursor. In addition, the evolution of parameters related to tomato quality losses, such as softening, colour evolution and weight loss, was significantly delayed (4,6 days on average) in coated tomatoes as compared to controls. Thereafter, sugars, organic acids (and especially ascorbic acid) and scores from sensory analysis remained at much higher levels at the end of storage in treated than in control tomatoes. CONCLUSIONS: Coatings based on alginate or zein could be effective tools for delaying the tomato-ripening process during postharvest storage, and in turn maintaining tomato quality and its acceptability by consumers. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Laboratory preparation and evaluation of Pollock variety avocado (Persea americana Mill) guacamoleJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 11 2007Giselle A Ramtahal Abstract Guacamole was produced from ripe avocado (Persea americana) by blending the pulp with local herbs, spices and salt. The guacamole was stored at 5 °C for 2 weeks, during which physical, chemical and microbial analyses were conducted. Organoleptic evaluations by a semi-trained panel were also performed, until the guacamole was deemed unfit for human consumption. The results indicated that fresh avocado pulp contains 835, 13, 16, 92, 44, 16 and 0.078 g kg,1, moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, and vitamin C respectively, and has a pH of 6.7; compared with 838, 13, 16, 92, 44, 16, and 0.042 g kg,1, respectively, of the same nutrients in freshly prepared guacamole, which has a pH of 6.0. During storage, the moisture content, consistency, total soluble solids and total titratable acidity (as citric acid) of the guacamole increased, but the vitamin C content decreased. The color of the avocado pulp, which darkened during conversion into guacamole, darkened further as storage increased as evidenced by a decrease in the L, a and b values. Sensory evaluation revealed that the mean storage period (5 °C) for the guacamole was 6 days. Although the fresh avocado pulp, the freshly prepared guacamole, and the stored guacamole contained bacteria, yeasts and molds, the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were absent. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Characterisation of avocado (Persea americana Mill) honeys by their physicochemical characteristicsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 13 2004Anass Terrab Abstract The quality of 12 avocado (Persea americana Mill) honeys from Spain was evaluated. Eight common physicochemical parameters were analysed, namely water content, pH, acidity (free, lactonic and total), sugar content, ash content and electrical conductivity. In addition, the honey samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and six minerals were quantified for each honey, namely potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S). Most samples showed proper maturity considering the medium water content (mean 17.7%). The total acidity (below 50 meq kg,1 except for one sample) indicated absence of undesirable fermentation; also, the mean pH of around 4.77 is usual in this kind of honey. The values for ash content and electrical conductivity were high (0.77% and 798 µS cm,1 respectively) and typical of dark honeys. K was the predominant mineral (accounting for 73% of the total minerals quantified), followed by Na (10%). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] A Strictly Millian Approach to the Definition of the Proper NameMIND & LANGUAGE, Issue 4 2009RICHARD COATES A strictly Millian approach to proper names is defended, i.e. one in which expressions when used properly (,onymically') refer directly, i.e. without the semantic intermediaryship of the words that appear to comprise them. The approach may appear self-evident for names which appear to have no component parts (in current English) but less so for others. Two modes of reference are distinguished for potentially ambiguous expressions such as The Long Island. A consequence of this distinction is to allow a speculative neurolinguistics of proper (,onymic') and semantic (,non-onymic') reference. A further consequence is that translation of onymically referring expressions is impossible (since they have no semantic content), and some apparently self-evident objections to this view are met by insisting on a distinction between a proper name as a referring expression and its etymology. The nature of the linguistic mechanism(s) by which an expression becomes proper (i.e. loses sense) shows that etymological opacity is a precondition for the survival of words in certain proper names, furnishing evidence for reference without sense. The process of becoming proper amounts to abrogation of sense for the purpose of reference, which is precisely the requirement for a systematic defence of Mill. [source] Creative Destruction, Economic Insecurity, Stress, and Epidemic ObesityAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Jon D. Wisman The percentage of Americans who are obese has doubled since 1980. Most attempts to explain this "obesity epidemic" have been found inadequate, including the "Big Two" (the increased availability of inexpensive food and the decline of physical exertion). This article explores the possibility that the obesity epidemic is substantially due to growing insecurity, stress, and a sense of powerlessness in modern society where high-sugar and high-fat foods are increasingly omnipresent. Those suffering these conditions may suffer less control over other domains of their lives. Insecurity and stress have been found to increase the desire for high-fat and high-sugar foods. After exploring the evidence of a link between stress and obesity, the increasing pace of capitalism's creative destruction and its generation of greater insecurity and stress are addressed. The article ends with reflections on how epidemic obesity is symptomatic of a social mistake,the seeking of maximum efficiency and economic growth even in societies where the fundamental problem of material security has been solved. I confess I am not charmed with the ideal of life held out by those who think that the normal state of human beings is that of struggling to get on; that the trampling, crushing, elbowing, and treading on each other's heels, which form the existing type of social life, are the most desirable lot of humankind, or anything but the disagreeable symptoms of one of the phases of industrial progress. (Mill 1848: 748) Thus we have been expressly evolved by nature,with all our impulses and deepest instincts,for the purpose of solving the economic problem ["the struggle for subsistence"]. If the economic problem is solved, mankind will be deprived of its traditional purpose . . . Will this be a benefit? If one believes at all in the real values of life, the prospect at least opens up the possibility of benefit. Yet I think with dread of the readjustment of the habits and instincts of the ordinary man, bred into him for countless generations, which he may be asked to discard within a few decades. (Keynes 1932: 366) [source] Larry Moss and the Struggle Against Racism by the Whately Professors of Political EconomyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Sandra J. Peart In this note, we highlight an important consideration of Larry Moss's life's work, the continual struggle within economics against racism. Larry initiated and supported the symposium on eugenics published by the American Journal of Economics and Sociology in July 2005. He edited the volume Social Inequality, Analytical Egalitarianism and the March Toward Eugenic Explanations in the Social Sciences in August 2008. These constitute obvious signs of Larry's concern. He conjectured that the Trinity College Dublin political economists who held the Whately professorship should be thought of as a school. Such a school was in fact identified in 1850 by an outsider who pointed to their shared opposition to racial explanations within an institutional setting. That shared opposition allowed them to speak against the narrow interests of the rulers of the country. Of course, other political economists of the time, Mill in particular, were also emphatic in their anti-racism. Thus, not only do we need to take up Larry's challenge to describe the Trinity College school but we must also seek its connections with the Scottish-English group of anti-racists. [source] Observations on The "Vanity of the Philosopher"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Article first published online: 31 JUL 200, Charles R. McCann The purpose of this essay is to identify certain points at which the presentation in Vanity appears incomplete or in error, especially as regards the interpretations of Mill and Spencer. It is shown that, while the authors have stated their case well, certain mischaracterizations, misstatements, and omissions seem to allow an alternative overall interpretation. However, another look suggests that, despite these discrepancies, the given interpretation is quite valid. [source] The "Vanity of the Philosopher": Analytical Egalitarianism, Associationist Psychology, and Eugenic Remaking?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Andrew Farrant These comments explore the relationship between analytical egalitarianism, race-blind theorizing, and associationist psychology. Associationist psychology, though making an implicit appearance in Vanity, was central to the egalitarian analysis provided by James Mill and John Stuart Mill. Indeed, associationist considerations lay at the heart of Mill's race-blind analysis of cottier tenure, and his exchange with Thomas Carlyle over the "Negro Question." These comments also note some intriguing comparisons between the debate over eugenics and the debate over socialist calculation. [source] Henry George and Classical Growth Theory: A Significant Contribution to Modeling Scale EconomiesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2001John Whitaker It is widely recognized that the analysis of economic growth in Henry George's Progress and Poverty was considerably influenced by the British classical tradition, especially the writings of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill. What has been less clearly perceived is that George made significant extensions to the classical theory. This paper's aim is to provide an interpretation, and to some extent a "rational reconstruction," of George's positive analysis, largely leaving aside the striking normative lessons he drew from it. George's unsatisfactory treatment of capital is disposed of in Section I, while Section II,the core of the paper,follows George's lead in aggregating capital and labor into a single productive factor which is employed in a given natural environment. Section III adds the complication of improvement in the arts of production, and Section IV deals briefly with George's views on land speculation. Section V assesses, comparing George with his contemporary Alfred Marshall. [source] Repellency and toxicity of aromatic plant extracts against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae)PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 6 2005Abdallah F Traboulsi Abstract The insecticidal activities of essential oil extracts from leaves, flowers and roots of aromatic plants against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskål were determined. Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill were the most toxic, followed by those of Ferula hermonis Boiss, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Pinus pinea L, Laurus nobilis L and Eucalyptus spp with LC50 values of 24.5, 44.0, 60.0, 75.0, 117.0 and 120.0 mg litre,1, respectively. Combination tests between the LC50 and the maximum sub-lethal concentration (MSLC) were determined. Over 20 major components were identified in extracts from each plant species tested. Five essential oils and nine pure components were studied for their repellency against mosquito bites. Terpineol and 1,8-cineole were the most effective against Culex pipiens molestus bites offering complete protection for 1.6 and 2 h, respectively. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Mill on Liberty, Speech, and the Free SocietyPHILOSOPHY AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2000DANIEL JACOBSON First page of article [source] Effect of palladium addition on the electrochemical properties of amorphous 2Mg + 3d alloys doped by nickel atoms (3d = Fe, Ni)PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 5 2010Maciej Jarzebski Abstract Amorphous 2Mg+ 3d/x wt% Ni materials were prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) of Mg and 3d elemental powders (3d = Fe, Ni x =0, 100 and 200 wt.%) under high purity argon atmosphere in SPEX 8000 Mixer Mill. The effect of the Ni addition on the electrochemical properties of the synthesized nanostructured alloys was investigated in details. The discharge capacity of amorphous 2Mg+Fe (Ni) high energy ball milled with Ni was improved. With increasing nickel content in the studied 2Mg+Fe (Ni) materials, at first cycle, the discharge capacity increases first and then decreases, and for example, for x = 100 in 2Mg+Fe reaches a maximum value of 155 mAh g,1. Additionally, when coated with palladium, the discharge capacity of an amorphous 2Mg+Fe (Ni) powders was increased as well. The catalytic elements (Ni, Pd) were distributed on the surface of ball milled alloy particles homogenously and role of these particles is to catalyze the dissociation of molecular hydrogen on the surface of studied alloy. Mechanical coating with palladium effectively reduced the degradation rate of the studied electrode materials. Compared to that of the uncoated powders, the degradation of the coated was suppressed. The amorphous Mg-based hydrides offer a breakthrough in prospects for practical applications (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] A combined HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS method for the identification of lignans and its application to the lignans of Linum usitatissimum L. and L. bienne Mill.,PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 5 2006Thomas J. Schmidt Abstract A combined HPLC-UV/PAD and HPLC-ESI/MS method allowing the fast detection and identification/structural characterisation of lignans of different structural subclasses is described. Twenty-four lignans of different skeletal types were analysed and the combined information derived from their UV and ESI/MS spectra led to the identification of group characteristics that can be used to establish the structure of unknown lignans in plant samples. This method was successfully applied to the identification of lignans in crude extracts of Linum usitatissimum L. and L. bienne Mill. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Essential oil composition and antifungal activity of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. obtained by different distillation conditionsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2003N. Mimica-Duki Abstract The in,uence of different hydrodistillation conditions was evaluated from the standpoint of essential oil yield, chemical composition and antifungal activity from seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Three hydrodistillation conditions were considered. The main constituents of the oils were: (E)-anethole (72.27%,74.18%), fenchone (11.32%,16.35%) and methyl chavicol (3.78%,5.29%). The method of distillation signi,cantly effected the essential oil yield and quantitative composition, although the antifungal activity of the oils against some fungi was only slightly altered. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Allelochemical stress causes inhibition of growth and oxidative damage in Lycopersicon esculentum MillPLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 11 2006AURORA LARA-NUÑEZ ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of allelochemical stress on Lycopersicon esculentum growth. Our results showed that allelochemical stress caused by Sicyos deppei aqueous leachate inhibited root growth but not germination, and produced an imbalance in the oxidative status of cells in both ungerminated seeds and in primary roots. We observed changes in activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and the plasma membrane NADPH oxidase, as well as in the levels of H2O2 and O2,, in seeds at 12 and 24 h, and in primary roots at 48 and 72 h of treatment, which could account for the oxidative imbalance. There were changes in levels of expression of the mentioned enzymes, but without a correlation with their respective activities. Higher levels of membrane lipid peroxidation were observed in primary roots at 48 and 72 h of treatment. No effect on the expression of metacaspase and the PR1 was observed as indicators of cell death or induction of plant defence. This paper contributes to the understanding of plant,plant interactions through the phytotoxic allelochemicals released in an aqueous leachate of the weed S. deppei, which cause a negative effect on other plants. [source] Identification of QTLs affecting adaptive traits in Castanea sativa MillPLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 9 2004M CASASOLI ABSTRACT A QTL analysis for three different adaptive traits was performed in an F1 progeny of Castanea sativa Mill. The female and male parents originated from two Turkish chestnut populations adapted to a drought and humid environment, respectively. QTLs for bud flush, growth and carbon isotope discrimination were detected over a 3-year period. Bud set was also recorded in the last year of measurement. Thirty-five individual QTLs were detected for phenology, 28 for growth and 17 for carbon isotope discrimination, most of them explaining a low to moderate proportion of the total phenotypic variance. QTLs were distributed throughout the whole genome. Temporally stable QTLs were identified for all the traits analysed, with phenology showing the higher proportion of stable QTLs. Interesting phenotypic correlations and co-localizations among QTLs for different adaptive traits were observed, allowing the formulation of an hypothesis about the genetic adaptation of the female parent to drought. [source] Mill, Liberty and the Facts of LifePOLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 2 2001Shannon C. Stimson This paper examines John Stuart Mill's discussion of economic liberty and individual liberty, and his view of the relationship between the two. It explores how, and how effectively, Mill developed his arguments about the two liberties; reveals the lineages of thought from which they derived; and considers how his arguments were altered by political economists not long after his death. It is argued that the distinction Mill drew between the two liberties provided him with a framework of concepts which legitimized significant government intervention in economic matters without restricting individual liberty. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||