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Military Government (military + government)
Selected AbstractsMusic and Politics in Germany 1933,1955: Approaches and ChallengesHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 4 2007Toby Thacker Until very recently, music has often been considered as an art form which stands outside and above politics. This article explores the new approaches taken by historians and musicologists in the last twenty years to the analysis of music in political context in Germany between 1933 and 1955, a period in which musicians worked under Nazi and Communist forms of dictatorship, under Allied military government, and under a liberal democracy. It outlines the ways in which this literature has been fragmented by self-imposed chronological, geographical and thematic boundaries, and suggests ways in which these might be challenged. [source] The Politics of Retrenchment: The Quandaries of Social Protection Under Military Rule in Chile, 1973,1990LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY, Issue 4 2001Rossana Castiglioni ABSTRACT Chile's military government replaced the country's universalistic social policy system with a set of market-oriented social policies. Taking evidence from three areas (pensions, education, and health care), this study seeks to explain why the military advanced a policy of deep retrenchment and why reform of health care was less thorough than it was in pensions and education. The radical transformation of policy relates to the breadth of power concentration enjoyed by General Pinochet and his economic team, the policymakers' ideological positions, and the role of veto players. The more limited reform of health care is linked to the actions of a powerful veto player, the professional association of physicians. [source] "A Chasm of Values and Outlook": The Carter Administration's Human Rights Policy in GuatemalaPEACE & CHANGE, Issue 4 2010Jason M. Colby Scholars have often depicted Jimmy Carter's human rights policy as naïve and counterproductive. In doing so, many have pointed to Guatemala, where Carter's policies seemed to alienate the military government without ending its abuses. Yet such critics have failed to acknowledge the obstacles Carter's policy faced as well as its long-term influence on U.S. policy and on Guatemala itself. Drawing upon recently declassified documents, this article explores the challenges the administration's human rights advocates encountered in their attempt to implement Carter's policies. In particular, it emphasizes the resistance of both the U.S. government bureaucracy and Guatemala's military. But it also argues that, despite these difficulties, the Carter administration achieved a shift in U.S.-Guatemalan relations. The legacy of Carter's human rights policy limited Washington's role in the counterinsurgency war and helped push Guatemala toward civilian rule and peace negotiations. [source] The decentralization of primary health care delivery in ChilePUBLIC ADMINISTRATION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2001Article first published online: 30 MAY 200, Jasmine Gideon The article argues that during the 1980s the process of decentralization in Chile under the military government of General Pinochet shifted the delivery of primary health care to the municipal level. Despite the return to more democratic forms of government in 1990 the overall structure of local-level service delivery has remained largely unchanged. The municipalities have retained responsibility for service delivery but resources remain centrally determined. In an attempt to enhance accessibility, choice and the responsiveness of the system to individual and local need, reform has been made to the financial transfer mechanisms and a new model of primary health care delivery has recently been introduced. However, problems of resourcing and implementation limit the effectiveness of some of the changes that have accompanied decentralization. Problems have resulted in primary health care delivery because administrative decentralization has not been accompanied by fiscal decentralization, nor effective political decentralization. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Decentralization's Nondemocratic Roots: Authoritarianism and Subnational Reform in Latin AmericaLATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY, Issue 1 2006Kent Baton ABSTRACT This study challenges the common view of authoritarianism as an unambiguously centralizing experience by investigating the subnational reforms that military governments actually introduced in Latin America. It argues that the decision by military authorities to dismiss democratically elected mayors and governors opened a critical juncture for the subsequent development of subnational institutions. Once they centralized political authority, the generals could contemplate changes that expanded the institutional, administrative, and governing capacity of subnational governments. This article shows how cross-national variation in the content and consistency of the generals' economic goals led to quite distinct subnational changes; in each case, these reforms profoundly shaped the democracies that reemerged in the 1980s and 1990s. [source] | ||||||||||