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Kinds of Military Terms modified by Military Selected AbstractsINTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN THE MILITARY: SECURING OUR COUNTRY, STARTING WITH THE HOME1FAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 2 2009Simeon StammArticle first published online: 13 MAR 200 This Note discusses domestic violence in the military. Currently, in cases of domestic violence in the military, the Case Review Committee uses the Incident Severity Index for Spouse Abuse to determine the severity of abuse. The Case Review Committee uses this index when determining treatment options for the perpetrator of domestic violence. However, this index is extremely inconsistent with the current views and emerging research of domestic violence. This Note identifies the problems with the current system and gives recommendations for ways to improve the system. The Note concludes that a new system would enhance the military's ability to combat domestic violence. [source] THE U.S. MILITARY AS GEOGRAPHICAL AGENT: THE CASE OF COLD WAR ALASKA,GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2005LAUREL J. HUMMEL ABSTRACT. Alaska was strategically key to the U.S. defense plan during the cold war (1946,1989). As such, it was the scene of an enormous and sustained military investment, the effect of which was amplified by Alaska's undiversified economy, sparse development, small resident population, and marginalized political status at the beginning of the era. The strong military presence affected Alaskan demographics, economic development, and infrastructure and figured prominently in the admission of Alaska to the union in 1959. The high profile and long-term presence of the U.S. military had such a dramatic affect on the course of Alaska that the result was tantamount to a "militarized landscape." [source] A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING OF ALCOHOL USE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN THE U.S. MILITARY: COMPLEXITIES AMONG STRESS, DRINKING MOTIVES, IMPULSIVITIY, ALCOHOL USE AND JOB PERFORMANCEALCOHOLISM, Issue 2008Sunju Sohn Aims:, Young male adults in the U. S. military drink at much higher rates than civilians and females of the same age. Drinking has been shown to be associated with stress and individuals' ability to effectively cope with stressors. Despite numerous studies conducted on young adults' drinking behaviors such as college drinking, current literature is limited in fully understanding alcohol use patterns of the young military population. The aim of the present study was to develop and test the hypothesized Structural Equation Model (SEM) of alcohol use to determine if stress coping styles moderate the relationship between stress, drinking motives, impulsivity, alcohol consumption and job performance. Methods:, Structural equation models for multiple group comparisons were estimated based on a sample of 1,715 young (aged 18 to 25) male military personnel using the 2005 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors among Military Personnel. Coping style was used as the grouping factor in the multi-group analysis and this variable was developed through numerous steps to reflect positive and negative behaviors of coping. The equivalences of the structural relations between the study variables were then compared across two groups at a time, controlling for installation region, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, and pay grade, resulting in two model comparisons with four coping groups. If the structural weight showed differences across groups, each parameter was constrained and tested one at a time to see where the models are different. Results:, The results showed that the hypothesized model applies across all groups. The structural weights revealed that a moderation effect exists between a group whose tendency is to mostly use positive coping strategies and a group whose tendency is to mostly use negative coping strategies (,,2(39)= 65.116, p<.05). More specifically, the models were different (with and without Bonferroni Type I error correction) in the paths between "motive and alcohol use" and "alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences (job performance)." Conclusions:, It seems plausible that coping style significantly factors into moderating alcohol use among young male military personnel who reportedly drink more excessively than civilians of the same age. The results indicate that it may be particularly important for the military to assess different stress coping styles ofyoung male military personnel so as to limit excessive drinking as well as to promote individual wellness and improve job performance. [source] The Art and Science of Surge: Experience from Israel and the U.S. MilitaryACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2006Boaz Tadmor MD In a disaster or mass casualty incident, health care resources may be exceeded and systems may be challenged by unusual requirements. These resources may include pharmaceuticals, supplies, and equipment as well as certain types of academic and administrative expertise. New agencies and decision makers may need to work together in an unfamiliar environment. Furthermore, large numbers of casualties needing treatment, newer therapies required to care for these casualties, and increased workforce and space available for these casualties all contribute to what is often referred to as "surge." Surge capacity in emergency care can be described in technical, scientific terms that are measured by numbers and benchmarks (e.g., beds, patients, and medications) or can take on a more conceptual and abstract form (e.g., decisions, authority, and responsibility). The former may be referred to as the "science" of surge, whereas the latter, an equal if not more important component of surge systems that is more conceptual and abstract, can be considered the "art" of surge. The experiences from Israel and the U.S. military may serve to educate colleagues who may be required to respond or react to an event that taxes the current health care system. This report presents concrete examples of surge capacity strategies used by both Israel and the U.S. military and provides solutions that may be applied to other health care systems when faced with similar situations. [source] Beyond No Gun Ri: Refugees and the United States Military in the Korean War*DIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 1 2005SAHR CONWAY-LANZ First page of article [source] Ben Jonson's Poems of Place and the Culture of Land: From the Military to the DomesticENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 3 2001MARTIN ELSKY First page of article [source] Perceptions of Effectiveness of Responses to Sexual Harassment in the US Military, 1988 and 1995GENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 1 2003Juanita M. Firestone This analysis compares patterns of response to the harassment experiences that had the greatest effect on the respondents to the ,1988 Department of Defense (DoD) Survey of Sex Roles in the Active-Duty Military' and Form A of the ,1995 Armed Forces Sexual Harassment Survey'. We analyse the respondents' perceptions about effectiveness of their responses, and respondents' opinions about the efforts of senior military leadership, and their own immediate supervisors' efforts to ,make honest and reasonable efforts to stop sexual harassment in the active-duty military' (DoD, 1988; Bastian et al., 1996). Results indicate that while the military has been somewhat successful in attempts to lower actual incidence of sexual harassment, the percentage of those experiencing such uninvited and unwanted behaviours remains high. Similar patterns of responses in both years, with most employing personal solutions and few filing complaints with officials, may reflect the fact that official DoD policy focuses on individual behaviour and does not address the masculine environmental context that promotes such behaviours (see also Harrell and Miller, 1997). Findings also suggest that the ,no tolerance' policies adopted by the military may concentrate on the military image but ignore the wishes of the complainants who fear reprisals. If the rights and wishes of all parties involved are not taken into account, policies are unlikely to be successful (see, for example, Rowe, 1996). [source] Won't Get Fooled Again: The Paranoid Style in the National Security State1GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 4 2003Thomas C. Ellington In meeting the threat posed by terrorism, the democratic state also faces a paradox: those practices best suited to defending the state are often least suited to democracy. Such is the case with official secrecy, which has received renewed attention. Military and intelligence operations frequently depend on secrecy for their success. At the same time, democracy depends on openness, a fact too often neglected by democratic theory. Official secrecy subverts citizen autonomy and in so doing creates fertile ground for paranoid-style thinking. For the United States, a history of secrets and lies has left a legacy of distrust and paranoia. [source] Headache Triggers in the US MilitaryHEADACHE, Issue 5 2010Brett J. Theeler MD (Headache 2010;50:790-794) Background., Headaches can be triggered by a variety of factors. Military service members have a high prevalence of headache but the factors triggering headaches in military troops have not been identified. Objective., The objective of this study is to determine headache triggers in soldiers and military beneficiaries seeking specialty care for headaches. Methods., A total of 172 consecutive US Army soldiers and military dependents (civilians) evaluated at the headache clinics of 2 US Army Medical Centers completed a standardized questionnaire about their headache triggers. Results., A total of 150 (87%) patients were active-duty military members and 22 (13%) patients were civilians. In total, 77% of subjects had migraine; 89% of patients reported at least one headache trigger with a mean of 8.3 triggers per patient. A wide variety of headache triggers was seen with the most common categories being environmental factors (74%), stress (67%), consumption-related factors (60%), and fatigue-related factors (57%). The types of headache triggers identified in active-duty service members were similar to those seen in civilians. Stress-related triggers were significantly more common in soldiers. There were no significant differences in trigger types between soldiers with and without a history of head trauma. Conclusion., Headaches in military service members are triggered mostly by the same factors as in civilians with stress being the most common trigger. Knowledge of headache triggers may be useful for developing strategies that reduce headache occurrence in the military. [source] Spies in Uniform: British Military and Naval Intelligence on the Eve of the First World War By Matthew S. SeligmannHISTORY, Issue 304 2006JEREMY BLACK No abstract is available for this article. [source] Toward a Psychosocial Theory of Military and Economic Violence in the Era of GlobalizationJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 1 2006Marc Pilisuk A theory of the roots of violent conflict in the global era focuses upon a pattern of intervention by the United States, its allies, and proxy forces. It emphasizes a dominant set of beliefs and powerful networks in a position to apply them. The networks protect and extend their concentrations of wealth using violence or the threat of violence to produce compliant governments, to identify enemies, to mobilize consent, and to minimize the perceived costs of such activity. U.S. government agencies and large global corporations are central to this effort. Illustrations are provided by descriptions of military actions in Venezuela, East Timor, and Iraq. Implications for research include the value of using network analysis to identify centers of combined corporate and governmental power and the value of combining the study of belief systems with studies identifying such centers of power. [source] The Effect of the Size of the Military on Stock Market Performance in the United States and the UKKYKLOS INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2008William R. DiPietro SUMMARY This paper uses regression analysis to investigate the relationship between military expenditure and stock market performance for the United States and the United Kingdom. Specifically, the study applies the Bierens-Guo unit root procedures to ascertain the time series properties of the variables in the study. The standard OLS technique is employed to determine the influence of military expenditure on stock markets for the period 1914 through 2001. The results from the unit root tests indicate that the military expenditure, military personnel, stock market, and energy consumption series are level stationary. The results from the OLS equations suggest that military expenditure has significantly positive effect on stock market performance for the United States and the United Kingdom. The implication of this finding is that high-income class and people in power are less likely to oppose increases in military spending even though such expenditures are not in the best interest of the society. [source] Dynamic policies for uncertain time-critical tasking problemsNAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008Kevin D. Glazebrook Abstract A recent paper by Gaver et al. 6 argued the importance of studying service control problems in which the usual assumptions (i) that tasks will wait indefinitely for service and (ii) that successful service completions can be observed instantaneously are relaxed. Military and other applications were cited. They proposed a model in which arriving tasks are available for service for a period whose duration is unknown to the system's controller. The allocation of a large amount of processing to a task may make more likely its own successful completion but may also result in the loss of many unserved tasks from the system. Gaver et al. 6 called for the design of dynamic policies for the allocation of service which maximizes the rate of successful task completions achieved, or which come close to doing so. This is the theme of the paper. We utilize dynamic programming policy improvement approaches to design heuristic dynamic policies for service allocation which may be easily computed. In all cases studied, these policies achieve throughputs close to optimal. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008 [source] Surrounded: Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military by Rhoda Ann KanaanehAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 4 2009LORI ALLEN No abstract is available for this article. [source] Report from the Field: Skin-in-Solutions: Militarizing Medicine and Militarizing Culture in the United States MilitaryNORTH AMERICAN DIALOGUE (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2008Andrew Bickford Abstract: The US military's creation and deployment of "Human Terrain Teams" and the use of anthropology as a weapon in counterinsurgency operations bears a disturbing similarity to militarized forms of medicine and biotechnology currently in development for US military personnel. Through the mobilization and instrumentalization of health, the US military intends to manipulate the bodies of soldiers while claiming that this manipulation is to protect the well-being of the soldier. This sort of deployment of health has little to do with the health of the individual, and is directly linked to "improving" the combat abilities of the individual, and of creating better and more encompassing means of control of the individual. As I see it, the Human Terrain System, and attempts to deploy a militarized anthropology to aid in counterinsurgency operations utilize a similar rationale, a rationale directly at odds with the AAA code of ethics and what I think it means to be an anthropologist. [source] Transforming the US,ROK Alliance: Changes in Strategy, Military and Bases,PACIFIC FOCUS, Issue 1 2009Jae-Jung Suh Since the waning days of the Cold War, the US,ROK alliance has gone through a number of changes. Its transformation has accelerated for the past several years in no small part due to the Bush administration's new strategy, military transformation, and global base realignment as well as the Roh government's desire for self-reliant defense. This article outlines the ways in which the three changes have affected the alliance, and assesses the impacts they are likely to have on the security of the Korean peninsula and Northeast Asia. It concludes with a consideration of the modifications that the new governments in Seoul and Washington are likely to make to the transformation of the alliance in the near future. [source] China's Maritime Evolution: Military and Commercial FactorsPACIFIC FOCUS, Issue 2 2007Andrew S. Erickson China is rapidly emerging as a maritime power, with global commercial and regional military influence. Historically preoccupied with securing its land borders, China is now becoming increasingly reliant on the sea to import energy and raw materials as well as transport finished goods to market. Maritime security, therefore, is becoming a more serious strategic concern for Beijing. China's maritime industry contributed roughly 10 percent of national economic output in 2006 and its share of the national economy will likely rise sharply in coming years. As Chinese maritime interests continue to globalize, questions arise concerning the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN),s ability to secure key sea lines of communication (SLOC) in a time of crisis. This disparity arises in part because China's PLAN is currently structured primarily to address sovereignty claims on China's maritime periphery, particularly concerning the status of Taiwan. It is unclear whether China will continue to rely on the U.S. Navy to maintain international SLOC security. Reshaping the PLAN into a "blue water" force capable of protecting sea lanes far from China would be an expensive and strategically provocative venture. This analysis examines the role that China's rapid commercial maritime development could play in driving such a transformation and offers barometers that might indicate if China were to pursue such a course. [source] Antiwar Soldier: How to Dissent within the Ranks of the MilitaryPEACE & CHANGE, Issue 4 2009Jeff Richard Schutts First page of article [source] Comparison of military and civilian reporting rates for smallpox vaccine adverse events,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 6 2007A. W. McMahon MD Abstract Introduction US smallpox vaccination (SMA) started most recently in December 2002. Military and civilian personnel report adverse events (AEs) to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a surveillance system that relies on spontaneous reports. Although reported rates of probable myo/pericarditis after SMA in the literature are similar between military personnel and civilian healthcare workers, some civilian AE reporting rates after SMA appeared higher than those in the military. Objective Determine if SMA-associated reporting rates are different in civilians than in the military, considering age, sex, seriousness, and expectedness of the AE, as well as self-reporting. Methods Numerators were SMA reports in VAERS from 12/12/02 to 3/1/04. Limitations of VAERS include underreporting and lack of diagnostic confirmation. Denominators were number of military and civilian vaccinees. Results Reporting rates stratified by age and sex of serious and non-serious AEs were significantly higher in civilian than military personnel ages <55 years (rate ratios 4,27). These rate ratios decreased with increasing age. Conclusions Reporting rates in VAERS differed significantly and substantially in civilians compared to military personnel <55 years of age. Differences in stimulated passive surveillance systems, and AE reporting practices, including the ,threshold' for reporting most likely explain these findings. These results suggest that in the case of smallpox vaccine AEs, there may be systematic differences in reporting completeness between the civilian and military sectors, and that passive surveillance data should be interpreted with caution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Agency Evolution, New Institutionalism, and ,Hybrid' Policy Domains: Lessons from the ,Greening' of the U.S. MilitaryPOLICY STUDIES JOURNAL, Issue 4 2006Robert F. Durant Neoinstitutionalists applying the logic of rational choice institutionalism have leavened our understanding of public agency design and evolution in the domestic and national security policy domains. This paper seeks to advance theory building in empirically grounded ways by assessing the explanatory power of an important theoretical perspective (rational choice institutionalism), in an understudied "hybrid" policy domain where domestic and national security aims interact (domestic environmental policy and national security policy), and in an organizational type (the U.S. military) that has drawn scant attention from students of bureaucracy in political science, public administration, or public management. Analysis of three major efforts to green the U.S. military suggests that the patterns of politics accompanying agency evolution involving hybrid policy domains differ from domestic and national security domains in ways that limit the generalizability of rational choice institutionalism. [source] Superpresidentialism and the Military: The Russian VariantPRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2008ZOLTAN BARANY This article explains the evolution of the presidential-military nexus in post-Soviet Russia. Why has the role of presidents become the overriding factor in Russian civil-military relations? What explains the differences between the relationships Russia's two post-Soviet presidents, Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin, developed with the armed forces? I argue that following the 1993 crisis between the president and the legislature, and even more so after the 1996 presidential elections, the Russian polity has gradually become a superpresidential authoritarian system and the type of executive-military relations that has evolved is consistent with this designation. Rather than establishing civilian oversight of the armed forces shared between the legislative and the executive branches, Yeltsin and Putin created a state in which civilian control has become synonymous with presidential control. [source] Effect of Managed Care Enrollment on Primary and Repeat Cesarean Rates Among U.S. Department of Defense Health Care Beneficiaries in Military and Civilian Hospitals Worldwide, 1999,2002BIRTH, Issue 4 2004Andrea Linton MS However, little conclusive evidence exists to support this solution. We undertook a study of the Department of Defense health care beneficiary population to assess the impact of enrollment in TRICARE Prime, the Department's managed care health plan, on cesarean delivery rates. Methods: Pooled hospital discharge records from 1999,2002 for live, singleton births were analyzed to calculate primary and repeat cesarean rates for TRICARE Prime and non-Prime beneficiaries in the military and civilian hospitals that comprise the Department of Defense health care network. Stepwise logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for clinical indicators for each combination of health plan and hospital setting using the,2difference(p < 0.05)to eliminate nonsignificant variables from the model. Total primary and repeat cesarean rates were compared with primary and repeat cesarean rates for women with no reported clinical complications to account for differences in case mix across subgroups. Statistical significance of the differences calculated for subgroups was assessed using,2. Results: Primary cesarean rates were significantly lower for TRICARE Prime enrollees relative to non-Prime beneficiaries for all race subgroups and three of five age subgroups in military hospitals and four of five age subgroups in civilian hospitals. No significant differences in repeat cesarean rates were observed between Prime and non-Prime beneficiaries within any race or age subgroup. Breech presentation followed by dystocia, fetal distress, and other complications were significant predictors for primary cesarean. Previous cesarean delivery was the leading predictor for repeat cesarean delivery. Primary and repeat cesarean rates observed for military hospitals were consistently lower than rates observed for civilian hospitals within each health plan type and age group. Conclusions: Enrollment in the managed care health plan was significantly associated with lower risk of primary cesarean delivery relative to membership in other health plans offered to Department of Defense health care beneficiaries. Repeat cesarean rates in this population varied independently of health plan type. Primary cesarean delivery was generally associated with clinical complications, whereas previous cesarean delivery was the strongest indictor for a repeat cesarean delivery. A clear explanation of reduced cesarean rates for Prime enrollees remains elusive, but it is likely that factors beyond individual practitioner decision-making were at work. [source] Perceptions of Effectiveness of Responses to Sexual Harassment in the US Military, 1988 and 1995GENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 1 2003Juanita M. Firestone This analysis compares patterns of response to the harassment experiences that had the greatest effect on the respondents to the ,1988 Department of Defense (DoD) Survey of Sex Roles in the Active-Duty Military' and Form A of the ,1995 Armed Forces Sexual Harassment Survey'. We analyse the respondents' perceptions about effectiveness of their responses, and respondents' opinions about the efforts of senior military leadership, and their own immediate supervisors' efforts to ,make honest and reasonable efforts to stop sexual harassment in the active-duty military' (DoD, 1988; Bastian et al., 1996). Results indicate that while the military has been somewhat successful in attempts to lower actual incidence of sexual harassment, the percentage of those experiencing such uninvited and unwanted behaviours remains high. Similar patterns of responses in both years, with most employing personal solutions and few filing complaints with officials, may reflect the fact that official DoD policy focuses on individual behaviour and does not address the masculine environmental context that promotes such behaviours (see also Harrell and Miller, 1997). Findings also suggest that the ,no tolerance' policies adopted by the military may concentrate on the military image but ignore the wishes of the complainants who fear reprisals. If the rights and wishes of all parties involved are not taken into account, policies are unlikely to be successful (see, for example, Rowe, 1996). [source] The Art and Science of Surge: Experience from Israel and the U.S. MilitaryACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2006Boaz Tadmor MD In a disaster or mass casualty incident, health care resources may be exceeded and systems may be challenged by unusual requirements. These resources may include pharmaceuticals, supplies, and equipment as well as certain types of academic and administrative expertise. New agencies and decision makers may need to work together in an unfamiliar environment. Furthermore, large numbers of casualties needing treatment, newer therapies required to care for these casualties, and increased workforce and space available for these casualties all contribute to what is often referred to as "surge." Surge capacity in emergency care can be described in technical, scientific terms that are measured by numbers and benchmarks (e.g., beds, patients, and medications) or can take on a more conceptual and abstract form (e.g., decisions, authority, and responsibility). The former may be referred to as the "science" of surge, whereas the latter, an equal if not more important component of surge systems that is more conceptual and abstract, can be considered the "art" of surge. The experiences from Israel and the U.S. military may serve to educate colleagues who may be required to respond or react to an event that taxes the current health care system. This report presents concrete examples of surge capacity strategies used by both Israel and the U.S. military and provides solutions that may be applied to other health care systems when faced with similar situations. [source] REMEDIATION AND LOCAL GLOBALIZATIONS: How Taiwan's "Digital Video Knights-Errant Puppetry" Writes the History of the New Media in ChineseCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2007TERI SILVIO This article analyzes the Pili International Multimedia Company's "digital video knights-errant puppetry" serials, a popular culture genre unique to Taiwan, to answer two questions. First, how do digital technologies, originally developed to meet the needs of the American military and entertainment industries, become embedded in a different cultural context? Second, how does this embedding allow media technologies to become something through which distinctly local models of globalization itself may be imagined? Analyzing both the style of the serials and the discourse of producers and fans, I argue that new media technologies, despite their foreign origins, may not only be adapted or resisted, but may also come to be imagined as emerging from local aesthetics and local needs. Through the specific ways they utilize both digital and traditional technologies, the Pili producers and fans construct a utopian vision of what globalization might look like if Taiwan were at the center. [source] Moral Education Between Hope and Hopelessness: The Legacy of Janusz KorczakCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 1 2008SARA EFRAT EFRON ABSTRACT The responsibility for addressing morality and moral education in the current moral climate is a daunting task for conscientious educators. What educational response can extricate us from the debilitating feelings of hopelessness and helplessness as we are confronted by horrific terrorist actions, controversial use of military might, displays of corruption and greed and a growing general tension and anxiety? At this demoralizing juncture of uncertainty and doubt, the figure of Janusz Korczak (1878,1942), a Jewish-Polish educator, looms large. For more than 30 years, Korczak devoted his life to educating orphaned Jewish and non-Jewish children. He stayed with the Jewish children to the end as they all perished in a concentration camp. At a time when the surrounding society surrendered to fascism, anti-Semitism, and self-destruction, Korczak encouraged individual autonomy and caring relationships within the context of a community where a vision of justice and trust was an integral part of life. The orphanages he directed were democratic, self-ruled communities, where the children had their own parliament, court, and newspaper. This article describes the principles and the actualization of Korczak's moral education and explores how Korczak reconciled the differences between the ethical world he created in his institutions and the surrounding immoral society. The example set by Korczak's educational praxis serves as an inspiring model of school life across the boundaries of time and place and touches our need to believe in education's responsibility to strive and struggle for a better world, even when it seems an unattainable goal. And the hour shall come when a man will know himself, respect, and love. And the hour shall come in history's clock when man shall know the place of good, the place of evil, the place of pleasure, and the place of pain. (Korczak, 1978, p. 237) [source] Militarization of the Market and Rent-Seeking Coalitions in TurkeyDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 4 2005rat Demir This article analyses the role of historically-determined institutional and political characteristics in determining both the nature of the adjustment process, and its economic and political outcomes, in Turkey. In particular, the author explores the degree to which the formation of rent-seeking coalitions has contributed to the failure of neo-liberal economic reforms in the country. The analysis suggests that the Turkish experience since the early 1980s offers a unique case for studying the relationships between the state bureaucracy, the military, the business sector, civil society, and international economic actors. Unlike previous research in this area, this article focuses especially on the role of the military as an interest group in the process of economic liberalization in Turkey. [source] Democratization and State Feminism: Gender Politics in Africa and Latin AmericaDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2002Ihejirika, Philomina E. Okeke This article addresses the link between state feminism and democratization in the global South. The authors use the contrasting cases of Chile and Nigeria to show some of the factors that encourage women to exploit the opportunities presented by transitions to democracy, and link the outcome of state feminism to the strategies and discourses available to women during democratization. Based on evidence from the cases analysed, the authors propose that the strategic options available to women are shaped by at least three factors: (1) the existence of a unified women's movement capable of making political demands; (2) existing patterns of gender relations, which influence women's access to arenas of political influence and power; and (3) the content of existing gender ideologies, and whether women can creatively deploy them to further their own interests. State feminism emerged in Chile out of the demands of a broad,based women's movement in a context of democratic transition that provided feminists with access to political institutions. In Nigeria, attempts at creating state feminism have consistently failed due to a political transition from military to civilian rule that has not provided feminists with access to political arenas of influence, and the absence of a powerful women's movement. [source] Cognitive performance of male adolescents is lower than controls across psychiatric disorders: a population-based studyACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2004M. Weiser Objective:, Psychiatric patients, as well as humans or experimental animals with brain lesions, often concurrently manifest behavioral deviations and subtle cognitive impairments. This study tested the hypothesis that as a group, adolescents suffering from psychiatric disorders score worse on cognitive tests compared with controls. Method:, As part of the assessment for eligibility to serve in the military, the entire, unselected population of 16,17-year old male Israelis undergo cognitive testing and screening for psychopathology by the Draft Board. We retrieved the cognitive test scores of 19 075 adolescents who were assigned any psychiatric diagnosis, and compared them with the scores of 243 507 adolescents without psychiatric diagnoses. Results:, Mean test scores of cases were significantly poorer then controls for all diagnostic groups, except for eating disorders. Effect sizes ranged from 0.3 to 1.6. Conclusion:, As group, adolescent males with psychiatric disorders manifest at least subtle impairments in cognitive functioning. [source] Terminator or Super Mario: Human/Computer Hybrids, Actual and VirtualDIALOG, Issue 4 2005By Noreen Herzfeld Abstract:, Is a human/computer hybrid feasible: If so, in what ways would such hybridization affect our concept of what it means to be human? There are two forms of such hybridization, the actual and the virtual. Actual hybridization involves the implantation of mechanical devices in the human body. In actual hybridization the computer comes to us and to our body to enhance our functioning in our world. In virtual hybridization we go to the computer, projecting our minds into the world of cyberspace and being formed there. Perhaps the most common form of virtual hybridization is the immersion our children experience in the world of video games. Both forms of hybridization encourage us to think of ourselves only in terms of function, just when most of our theologians find that humans reflect the image of God through our relationships. This emphasis on function best serves the military, but leaves us in the theological community with a dissatisfying concept of what it means to be human. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||