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Migration Control (migration + control)
Selected AbstractsThe Limits of Unilateral Migration Control: Deportation and Inter-state Cooperation1GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 2 2008Antje Ellermann Despite the recent proliferation of policy initiatives designed to curb illegal immigration, advanced industrialized states have made little headway towards the goal of effective migration control. Examining the case of deportation in Germany and the European Union, this article contends that one of the most fundamental reasons underlying this failure is a unilateral policy bias that fails to take into account two related conditions. First, policies of migration control directly and substantially impinge upon the interests of foreign governments. Secondly, the cooperation of foreign officials is an essential condition for policy implementation. To the extent that they disregard these basic conditions, then, migration control policies are bound to fail. By examining the implementation of deportation policy, the article illustrates the limited efficacy of control measures that are dominated by the interests of advanced industrialized states to the exclusion of the concerns of foreign governments. [source] Migration Control and Migrant Fatalities at the Spanish-African BordersINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, Issue 2 2007Jørgen Carling This article addresses the dynamics of migration control along the Spanish-African borders and the associated problem of migrant deaths. The past decade and a half has seen rising numbers of migration attempts, large investments in control measures, and resulting geographical and organizational responses on the part of smugglers. Advanced surveillance and interception infrastructure on the border is a necessary but far from sufficient element in controlling unauthorized migration. The growth in the number of migrant deaths seems to result from an increased number of migration attempts. The risk of dying in the attempt appears to be constant or slightly falling. [source] Migration Control in Europe After 9/11: Explaining the Absence of Securitization,JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 3 2007CHRISTINA BOSWELL Rejecting the predominant view that 9/11 encouraged a ,securitization' of migration control, this article argues that political discourse and practice in Europe have remained surprisingly unaffected by the terrorism threat. This finding challenges the critical securities literature, implying the need for a more differentiated theory of the political system and organizational interests. [source] The Case for Ending Migration ControlsANTIPODE, Issue 4 2005Nick Megoran First page of article [source] Asylum and the Expansion of Deportation in the United Kingdom1GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 2 2008Matthew J. Gibney Deportation has traditionally been seen as a secondary instrument of migration control, one used by liberal democratic states relatively infrequently and with some trepidation. This secondary status has been assured by the fact that deportation is both a complicated and a controversial power. It is complicated because tracking individuals down and returning them home are time-consuming and resource-intense activities; it is controversial because deportation is a cruel power, one that sometimes seems incompatible with respect for human rights. In the light of these constraints, how can one explain the fact that since 2000 the United Kingdom has radically increased the number of failed asylum seekers deported from its territory? I argue in the article that this increase has been achieved through a conscious and careful process of policy innovation that has enabled state officials to engage in large-scale expulsions without directly violating liberal norms. [source] The Limits of Unilateral Migration Control: Deportation and Inter-state Cooperation1GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 2 2008Antje Ellermann Despite the recent proliferation of policy initiatives designed to curb illegal immigration, advanced industrialized states have made little headway towards the goal of effective migration control. Examining the case of deportation in Germany and the European Union, this article contends that one of the most fundamental reasons underlying this failure is a unilateral policy bias that fails to take into account two related conditions. First, policies of migration control directly and substantially impinge upon the interests of foreign governments. Secondly, the cooperation of foreign officials is an essential condition for policy implementation. To the extent that they disregard these basic conditions, then, migration control policies are bound to fail. By examining the implementation of deportation policy, the article illustrates the limited efficacy of control measures that are dominated by the interests of advanced industrialized states to the exclusion of the concerns of foreign governments. [source] Migration Control and Migrant Fatalities at the Spanish-African BordersINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, Issue 2 2007Jørgen Carling This article addresses the dynamics of migration control along the Spanish-African borders and the associated problem of migrant deaths. The past decade and a half has seen rising numbers of migration attempts, large investments in control measures, and resulting geographical and organizational responses on the part of smugglers. Advanced surveillance and interception infrastructure on the border is a necessary but far from sufficient element in controlling unauthorized migration. The growth in the number of migrant deaths seems to result from an increased number of migration attempts. The risk of dying in the attempt appears to be constant or slightly falling. [source] Migration Control in Europe After 9/11: Explaining the Absence of Securitization,JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 3 2007CHRISTINA BOSWELL Rejecting the predominant view that 9/11 encouraged a ,securitization' of migration control, this article argues that political discourse and practice in Europe have remained surprisingly unaffected by the terrorism threat. This finding challenges the critical securities literature, implying the need for a more differentiated theory of the political system and organizational interests. [source] European Integration and Migration Policy: Vertical Policy-making as Venue ShoppingJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 2 2000Virginie Guiraudon Since the beginning of the 1980s, migration and asylum policy in Europe has increasingly been elaborated in supranational forums and implemented by transnational actors. I argue that a venue-shopping framework is best suited to account for the timing, form and content of European co-operation in this area. The venues less amenable to restrictive migration control policy are national high courts, other ministries and migrant-aid organizations. Building upon pre-existing policy settings and developing new policy frames, governments have circumvented national constraints on migration control by creating transnational co-operation mechanisms dominated by law and order officials, with EU institutions playing a minor role. European transgovernmental working groups have avoided judicial scrutiny, eliminated other national adversaries and enlisted the help of transnational actors such as transit countries and carriers. [source] Rules, Red Tape, and Paperwork: The Archeology of State Control over MigrantsJOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008DAVID COOK MARTÍN How and with what consequences did state control over migration become acceptable and possible after the Great War? Existing studies have centered on core countries of immigration and thus underestimate the degree to which legitimate state capacities have developed in a political field spanning sending and receiving countries with similar designs on the same international migrants. Relying on archival research, and an examination of the migratory field constituted by two quintessential emigration countries (Italy and Spain), and a traditional immigration country (Argentina) since the mid-nineteenth century, this article argues that widespread acceptance of migration control as an administrative domain rightfully under states' purview, and the development of attendant capacities have derived from legal, organizational, and administrative mechanisms crafted by state actors in response to the challenges posed by mass migration. Concretely, these countries codified migration and nationality laws, built, took over, and revamped migration-related organizations, and administratively encaged mobile people through official paperwork. The nature of efforts to evade official checks on mobility implicitly signaled the acceptance of migration control as a bona fide administrative domain. In more routine migration management, states legitimate capacity has had unforeseen intermediate- and long-term consequences such as the subjection of migrants (and, because of ius sanguinis nationality laws, sometimes their descendants) to other states' administrative influence and the generation of conditions for dual citizenship. Study findings challenge scholarship that implicitly views states as constant factors conditioning migration flows, rather than as developing institutions with historically variable regulatory abilities and legitimacy. It extends current work by specifying mechanism used by state actors to establish migration as an accepted administrative domain. [source] Safety and quality of plastic food contact materials.PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, Issue 5 2003Optimization of extraction time, based on arithmetic rules derived from mathematical description of diffusion., extraction yield Abstract Migration of packaging constituents into food may raise concerns about food safety. This paper describes the conclusions of a EU research project (AIR 941025), aiming to facilitate the introduction of migration control into good manufacturing practice and into enforcement policies. The first part describes a re-evaluation of analytical approaches to extract and identify potential migrants released by plastic materials, viz. comparison of analytical methods, choice of extraction solvents and of fat simulants. Here we focus on the extraction time needed to achieve a given extraction yield. By correlating these parameters with simple and practical equations, it is possible to design alternative tests for control of compliance of packaging plastics. Using a reference experiment (where there is good agreement between experimental and calculated kinetic curves), it is possible to calculate the percentage of extraction which can be achieved in a given time, or the time necessary to reach a target extraction level for other polymer/solvent combinations. A global control scheme is proposed, which indicates whether and when calculation and testing should be applied. Guidelines are proposed, and can be adapted to both industrial control and to enforcement laboratories. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Migrants as transnational development agents: an inquiry into the newest round of the migration,development nexusPOPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE (PREVIOUSLY:-INT JOURNAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY), Issue 1 2008Thomas Faist Abstract Migrant networks and organisations have emerged as development agents. They interact with state institutions in flows of financial remittances, knowledge, and political ideas. In the discursive dimension, the new enthusiasm on the part of OECD states and international organisations, such as the World Bank, for migrant remittances, migrant associations and their role in development, is a sign of two trends which have coincided. Firstly, community as a principle of development has come to supplement principles of social order such as the market and the state. Secondly, in the current round of the migration,development nexus, migrants in general and transnational collective actors in particular have been constituted by states and international organisations as a significant agent. In the institutional dimension, agents such as hometown associations, networks of businesspersons, epistemic networks and political diasporas have emerged as collective actors. These formations are not unitary actors, and they are frequently in conflict with states and communities of origin. The analysis concludes with reflections of how national states structure the transnational spaces in which non-state actors are engaged in cross-border flows, leading towards a tight linkage between migration control, immigrant incorporation and development cooperation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Labor Mobility within China: Border Effects on Interregional Wage DifferentialsCHINA AND WORLD ECONOMY, Issue 2 2010Cheng Li O53; R12; R23 Abstract Labor migration is institutionally restricted within China under the hukou system, China's registration system. However, what is the pecuniary impact of labor immobility on interregional wage inequality? To answer this question, we derive a simple wage gap equation including educational attainment, market potential and provincial border indicators. The regressions based on city and sector-level data show that, other things being equal, the wage dispersions within Chinese provincial borders are significantly less pronounced than those among provinces. Such border effects on spatial wage differentials, which have been shown to pervasively exist in all sectors considered in the present paper, reflect the distortions generated by migration controls. Finally, we show that despite the recent hukou reforms aimed at relaxing the restrictions on population movement, border effects appear to persisted over the period 2003,2005. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||