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Microbiological Assessment (microbiological + assessment)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	50%
Medical Sciences	37%

Selected Abstracts

Microbiological assessment of bile during cholecystectomy: is all bile infected?

HPB, Issue 3 2007
G.J. MORRIS-STIFF
Abstract Aims. To determine the prevalence of bactibilia in patients undergoing cholecystectomy and to relate the presence or absence of organisms to the preoperative and postoperative course. Patients and methods. Patients undergoing cholecystectomy under the care of a single consultant surgeon during a continuous 5-year period were identified from a prospectively maintained departmental database. Symptoms, clinical signs, findings of investigations, details of treatment and postoperative care were noted. Risk factors for bactibilia (acute cholecystitis, common duct stones, emergency surgery, intraoperative findings and age > 70 years) were documented. Patients were divided according to the presence (B +) or absence (B,) of bacteria on culture of their bile. Results. In all, 128/180 (70%) of cholecystectomies had full data available for analysis. Bacteria were identified in the bile of 20 (15.6%) patients (B+ group). The B+ group was significantly older at 63.78±9.7 versus 61.62±13.9 (p<0.05) and contained significantly fewer females than the B, group (p<0.05). All 20 patients (100%) in the B+ group had , 1 risk factor, while these factors were present in only 29/108 (30.3%) of patients in the B, group (p<0.05). The overall incidence of infective complications was 20% in the B+ group compared with 0.9% in the B, group (p<0.05) and the bile-related infections were higher in the B+ group (p<0.05). Conclusions. The study demonstrated that while patients with complicated gallstone disease frequently exhibit bactibilia, patients with uncomplicated cholelithiasis have aseptic bile. The findings would suggest that prophylactic antibiotics should be limited to patients with risk factors for bactibilia. [source]

The effects of ice storage on inosine monophosphate, inosine, hypoxanthine, and biogenic amine formation in European catfish (Silurus glanis) fillets

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 10 2009
Fatih Özogul
Summary European catfish fillets in ice were evaluated by measuring nucleotide components and biogenic amine contents and these then compared with sensory and microbiological assessment during the 21 days of iced storage. Analyses were carried out using two different rapid HPLC methods for nucleotid degradation products and biogenic amine contents in European catfish fillets. Sensory evaluation showed that storage life of European catfish found to be 14,18 days. Initial inosine monophosphate (IMP) level was 12.6 ,mol g1 and then decreased during the rest of storage period. Inosine (INO) level increased rapidly until 7 days of storage. Hypoxanthine (Hx) level increased almost linearly with storage time. The most accumulated biogenic amines were putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, and serotonin in all the European catfish fillets during the storage, although the formation of biogenic amines levels was fluctuated. Histamine was only detectable at 4 and 7 days of storage as low as 1 mg 100 g1 fish. Total viable count in European catfish increased rapidly with storage time and reached ,109 cfu g1 when the fillets were not acceptable for consumption. [source]

Sensory, chemical and microbiological assessment of farm-raised European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) stored in melting ice

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2002
Vasiliki R. Kyrana
Farm raised European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were stored in melting ice for a period up to 22 days from the time of harvest, and sensory, chemical, and microbiological assessments were made at intervals. The storage life of the ungutted fish, determined by sensory evaluation of the cooked flesh, was 19 days. Of the chemical tests, only k1 value provided a useful means of monitoring early storage change. Trimethylamine, total volatile bases and pH showed practically no change during the first half of the edible storage life of the fish. Changes in free fatty acid (FFA) content and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value could not be used to determine loss of acceptability or end of storage life. Sulphide producing bacteria constituted a very low proportion of the total aerobic flora, suggesting that the common sulphide producer Shewanella putrefaciens was not a major spoiler of sea bass in this trial. [source]

Preparation and characterization of infection-resistant antibiotics-releasing hydrogels rods of poly[hydroxyethyl methacrylate- co -(poly(ethylene glycol)-methacrylate]: Biomedical application in a novel rabbit penile prosthesis model

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008
M. Yakup Ar
Abstract In this work, preparation and characterization of novel three different antibiotic loaded penile prosthesis in the rod form were investigated by copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with poly(ethylene glycol)-methacrylate, (PEG-MA). To achieve this goal, a series of novel copolymer hydrogels were prepared in rod form using HEMA and PEG-MA monomers via UV initiated photopolymerization. The thermal stability of the copolymer was found to be lowered by increase in the ratio of PEG-MA in the rod structure. Contact angle measurements on the surface of copolymer hydrogel demonstrated that the copolymer gave rise to a significant hydrophilic surface compared with pure poly(HEMA). The blood protein adsorption and platelet adhesion were significantly reduced on the surface of the copolymer hydrogels compared with control pure poly(HEMA). Poly(HEMA:PEG-MA;1:1)-1 formulation containing different antibiotics (20 mg antibiotic/g polymer) released about 90, 91, and 55% of the total loaded cephtriaxon, vancomycin, and gentamicin in 48 h at pH 7.4, respectively. Finally, antibiotics loaded biocompatible poly(HEMA:PEG-MA;1:1)-1 hydrogel compositions was used as a penile prosthesis in preventing cavernous tissue infections in a rabbit prosthesis model. The efficacy of the three different antibiotics loaded hydrogel system was evaluated in four different groups of rabbits, in which various infectious agents were inoculated. The animals were sacrificed after predetermined time periods, and clinical, histological and microbiological assessment on the implant side were carried out to detect infections. Eventually, we concluded that three different antibiotic loaded penile prostheses (i.e. poly(HEMA:PEG-MA;1:1)-1 hydrogel systems) were as effective as parenteral antibiotics applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008 [source]

Development of Biogenic Amines in Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares): Effect of Storage and Correlation with Decarboxylase-Positive Bacterial Flora

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 1 2002
W.-X. Du
ABSTRACT: The effects of storage at 0,4,10, and 22°C for 0,1,3,5, and 9 d on the quality of yellowfin tuna fillets as determined by microbiological assessment, development of some biogenic amines, and sensory analysis were studied. Tuna fillets stored at 22 °C for 3 d, 10 °C for 5 d, and 4 °C for 9 d were rated unacceptable for consumption. Those stored at 22 °C for 3 d had total aerobic bacterial count of > 8 log10 CFU/g, a histamine-producing bacterial population of 7 log10 CFU/g, and 832 ppm of histamine, 35.8 ppm of putrescine, and 147 ppm of cadaverine. A comparison of the capillary electrophoresis, AOAC fluorometric method, and gas chromatography showed a very good correlation (r2 > 0.99) among these 3 methods for histamine quantitation in tuna samples. Morganella morganii, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter intermedium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Proteins vulgaris, and Serratia liquefaciens were the decarboxylase-positive bacterial species isolated by using the Niven's medium and identified during storage, which were responsible for histamine production in test tuna fillets. [source]

Clinical and microbiological assessment of patients with a long-term diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and Candida oral colonization

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 4 2009
A. C. D. Delgado
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate Candida oral colonization in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients undergoing long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (ARV). The cross-sectional study included 331 HIV patients, diagnosed from 1983 to 2003. Oral swabs were performed, and Candida species were determined using ID 32C. Isolates were tested for antifungal susceptibility. Clinical and laboratory data were collected to identify the association with Candida colonization. In total, 161 Candida isolates were detected among 147 of the 331 patients (44%), independently of the time when HIV infection was diagnosed. Candida albicans strains represented 137 (85%) of the isolates, and were susceptible to all of the tested antifungal drugs. Among the non- C. albicans strains, six isolates were dose-dependently susceptible to fluconazole, nine to itraconazole, and seven to ketoconazole. The isolation of Candida was significantly higher in patients with virological failure (83/147; p 0.0002) and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts <200 cells/mm3 (30/83; p 0.0003). Recovery of Candida in the oral cavity was independent of protease inhibitor (PI) usage (p 0.60). Colonized patients typically underwent salvage therapy (p 0.003), and had more episodes of opportunistic fungal infections (p 0.046) and malignancies (p 0.004). Oral Candida colonization in patients under ARV therapy was associated with the immunosupressed status of HIV-infected patients, i.e. low number of CD4+ T-cells per cubic millimetre, failure of ARV therapy (salvage therapy), and higher number of opportunistic infections and malignancies. Despite the fact that PIs have in vitro antifungal activity, the use of this class of antiretroviral agent did not influence the presence of Candida in the oral cavity of AIDS patients. [source]

Sensory, chemical and microbiological assessment of farm-raised European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) stored in melting ice

Amoxicillin plus metronidazole in the treatment of adult periodontitis patients

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2001
A double-blind placebo-controlled study
Abstract Background, aims: The aim of this double-blind, parallel study was to evaluate the adjunctive effects of systemically administered amoxicillin and metronidazole in a group of adult periodontitis patients who also received supra- and subgingival debridement. Methods: 49 patients with a diagnosis of generalised severe periodontitis participated in the study. Random assignment resulted in 26 patients in the placebo (P) group with a mean age of 40 years and 23 patients in the test (T) group which had a mean age of 45 years. Clinical measurements and microbiological assessments were taken at baseline and 3 months after completion of initial periodontal therapy with additional placebo or antibiotic treatment. Patients received coded study medication of either 375 mg amoxicillin in combination with 250 mg metronidazole or identical placebo tablets, every 8 hours for the following 7 days. Results: At baseline, no statistically significant differences between groups were found for any of the clinical parameters. Except for the plaque, there was a significantly larger change in the bleeding, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) in the T-group as compared to the P-group after therapy. The greatest reduction in PPD was found at sites with initial PPD of 7 mm, 2.5 mm in the P-group and 3.2 mm in the T-group. The improvement in CAL was most pronounced in the PPD category 7 mm and amounted to 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm in the P- and T-groups, respectively. No significant decrease was found in the number of patients positive for any of the test species in the P-group. The number of patients positive for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus and Prevotella intermedia in the T-group showed a significant decrease. After therapy there was a significant difference between the P- and the T- group in the remaining number of patients positive for P. gingivalis, B. forsythus and Peptostreptococcus micros. 4 subgroups were created on the basis of the initial microbiological status for P. gingivalis positive (Pg-pos) and negative patients (Pg-neg) in the P- and the T-groups. The difference in reduction of PPD between Pg-pos and Pg-neg patients was particularly evident with respect to the changes in % of sites with a probing pocket depth 5 mm. This % decreased from 45% at baseline to 23% after treatment in the Pg-pos placebo subgroup and decreased from 46% to 11% in the Pg-pos test subgroup (p0.005). In contrast, the changes in the proportions of sites with a probing pocket depth 5 mm in the Pg-neg placebo and Pg-neg test subgroup were similar, from 43% at baseline to 18% after treatment versus 40% to 12%, respectively. Conclusions: This study has shown that systemic usage of metronidazole and amoxicillin, when used in conjunction with initial periodontal treatment in adult periodontitis patients, achieves significantly better clinical and microbiological results than initial periodontal treatment alone. Moreover, this research suggests that especially patients diagnosed with P. gingivalis benefit from antibiotic treatment. Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung: Das Ziel dieser placebokontrollierten Doppelblindstudie mit parallelen Gruppen war es, die zusätzlichen Effekte der systemischen Gabe von Amoxicillin und Metronidazol bei Patienten mit Erwachsenenparodontitis zu untersuchen, bei denen auch eine supra- und subgingivale Instrumentierung durchgeführt worden war. Material und Methoden: 49 Patienten mit einer generalisierten schweren Erwachsenenparodontitis nahmen an der Studie teil. Zufällige Zuweisung der Therapien führte zu 26 Patienten in der Placebo-Gruppe (P) mit einem mittleren Alter von 40 und 23 Patienten in der Test-Gruppe (T) mit einem mittleren Alter von 45 Jahren. Klinische Messungen und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen wurden zu Beginn der Therapie sowie 3 Monate nach parodontaler Initialbehandlung mit zusätzlicher Placebo- bzw. Antibiotikagabe durchgeführt. Nachdem alle Zähne mit pathologisch vertieften Taschen subgingival instrumentiert worden waren, erhielten die Patienten eine kodierte Studienmedikation, die entweder aus 375 mg Amoxicillin und 250 mg Metronidazol oder identisch aussehenden Placebotabletten bestand, die die Patienten für 7 Tage alle 8 Stunden einnehmen sollten. Ergebnisse: Zu Beginn der Studie bestand kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Versuchsgruppen hinsichtlich klinischer Parameter. Nicht für den Plaque Index, aber für Sondierungsblutung, Sondierungstiefen (ST) und klinische Attachmentlevel (PAL) kam es in der T-Gruppe zu signifikant stärkeren Veränderungen im Vergleich zur P-Gruppe. Die stärkste ST-Reduktion bzw. die größten Attachmentgewinne wurden bei Stellen gefunden, die initial ST 7 mm aufgewiesen hatten: P-Gruppe: ST=2.5 mm, PAL=1.5 mm; T-Gruppe: ST=3.2 mm, PAL=2.0 mm. Für keines der untersuchten Parodontalpathogene wurde eine signifikante Reduktion in der P-Gruppe beobachtet, während sich in der T-Gruppe eine signifikante Reduktion für Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus und Prevotella intermedia ergab. Nach Therapie ergab sich ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zwischen T- und P-Gruppe hinsichtlich Persistenz von P. gingivalis, B. forsythus und Peptostreptococcus micros. Entsprechend dem initialen mikrobiologischen Status für P. gingivalis wurden 4 Untergruppen gebildet: P. gingivalis positive (Pg+) oder (Pg,) Patienten in der T-bzw. P-Gruppe. Der Unterschied zwischen Pg+ und Pg, Patienten war besonders groß hinsichtlich der Veränderung des %-Anteils der Stellen mit ST5 mm. Dieser verringerte sich in der Pg+ P-Untergruppe von 45% auf 23% und in der Pg+ T-Untergruppe von 46% auf 11% (p0.005). Im Unterschied dazu war die Reduktion des Anteils der ST 5 mm in der Pg, P- und T-Untergruppen gleich: P-Gruppe: 43% auf 18%; T-Gruppe von 40% auf 12%. Schlußfolgerungen: Die systemische Gabe von Amoxicillin und Metronidazol zusätzlich zu subgingivaler Instrumentierung bei Patienten mit Erwachsenenparodontitis führt zu signifikant günstigeren klinischen und mikrobiologischen Ergebnissen als die konventionelle Therapie allein. Insbesondere Patienten mit P. gingivalis scheinen von dieser unterstützenden antibiotischen Therapie zu profitieren. Résumé Le but de cette étude parallèle en double aveugle était d'évaluer les effets supplémentaires apportés par l'administration d'amoxicilline et de metronidazole dans un groupe de patients atteints de parodontite de l'adulte qui ont reçu également un débridement supra et sous gingival. 49 patients présentant un diagnostic de parodontite généralisée sévère participèrent à l'étude. La composition des groupes sélectionnés au hasard, était de 26 patients dans le groupe placebo (P) avec un âge moyen de 40 ans et 23 patients dans le groupe test (T) avec une moyenne d'âge de 45 ans. Des mesures cliniques et des prélèvements microbiologiques étaient réalisés initialement et 3 mois après la fin de la thérapeutique parodontale initiale complétée par un placebo ou un traitement antibiotique. Les patients recevaient des médicaments codés pour l'étude de 375 mg amoxicilline combiné avec 250 mg de metronidazol ou des comprimés placebo identiques, toutes les 8 heures pendant les 7 jours suivants. Initalement, aucune différence statistiquement significative entre les groupes n'était observée, pour aucun des paramètres cliniques. En dehors de la plaque, il y avait une modification plus élevée significative pour le saignement, la profondeur de poche au sondage (PPD) et le niveau clinique d'attache (CAL) dans le groupe T, par rapport au groupe P, après traitement. La plus grande réduction pour PPD était observée pour les sites ayant une profondeur de poche au sondage intiale>ou égale à 7 mm, 2.5 mm dans le groupe P et 3.2 mm dans le groupe T. L'amélioration du CAL était plus prononcée pour la catégorie >ou égale à 7 mm et allait jusqu'à 1.5 et 2.0 mm dans les groupes P et T, respectivement. Aucune diminution significative n'était trouvée pour le nombre de patients positifs pour n'importe quelle espèce test dans le groupe P. Le nomber de patients positifs pour Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus et Prevotella intermedia dans le groupe T présentait une diminution significative. Après thérapeutique, il y avait une différence significative entre les groupe P et T, en ce qui concerne le nombre de patients positifs pour P. gingivalis, B. forsythus et Peptostreptococcus micros. 4-sous groupes furent créés sur la base de l'état microbiologique pour les patients positifs àP. gingivalis (Pg-pos), et négatifs (Pg-neg), dans les groupes P et T. La différence de réduction de PPD entre les patients Pg-pos et Pg-neg était particulièrement évidente en ce qui concernait les changements en % de sites présentant une profondeur de poche au sondage >ou égale à 5 mm. Ce % diminuait de 45% initialement à 23% après traitement dans le sous-groupe Pg-pos placebo et de 46% à 11% dans le sous-groupe Pg-pos test (p<0.005). A l'inverse, les changements observés dans les proportions de sites avec une profondeur de poche au sondage >5 mm dans les sous-groupes Pg-neg placebo et Pg-neg test étaient similaires, de 43% initialement à 18% après traitement contre 40% à 12% respectivement. En conclusion, cette étude a montré que l'utilisation systèmique de metronidazole et d'amoxicilline, lorsqu'elle est utilisée en complément du traitement parodontal initial chez des patients atteints de parodontite de l'adulte, donne, de façon significative, de meilleurs résultats cliniques et microbiologiques qu'un traitement parodontal initial seul. De plus, cette recherche suggère que les patients porteurs du P. gingivalis bénéficient particulièrement d'un traitement antibiotique. [source]